Rendiconti - Accademia nazionale dei quaranta.

3. serie, t. 5 includes "Appendice contiene il catalogo della Biblioteca sociale al 31 dicembre 1884.

Atti della Reale Accademia delle scienze di Torino.

Description based on: Vol. 78 (1942-43).

Rendiconti /

"Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei."

Atti,

At head of title, 1933/34- : Acta R. Academiae Scientiarum Taurinensis.

The efficacy and safety of imeglimin as add-on therapy in patientswith type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy

OBJECTIVE - A 12-week study assessed the efficacy and safety of a new oral antidiabetic agent, imeglimin, as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 156 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive imeglimin (1,500mg twice a day) or placebo added to a stable dose of metformin (1,500-2,000 mg/day). Change in A1C from baseline was the primary efficacy outcome; secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and proinsulin/insulin ratio. RESULTS - After 12 weeks, the placebo-subtracted decrease in A1C with metformin-imeglimin was 20.44% (P <0.001). Metformin-imeglimin also significantly improved FPG and the proinsulin/insulin ratio from baseline (20.91 mg/dL and 27.5, respectively) compared with metformin-placebo (0.36 mg/dL and 11.81). Metformin-imeglimin therapy was generally welltolerated with a comparable safety profile to metformin-placebo. CONCLUSIONS - Addition of imeglimin to metformin improved glycemic control and offers potential as a new treatment for type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.

Evaluation of CaO-CeO2-partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings

Plasma sprayable powders were prepared from ZrO2-CaO-CeO2 system using an organic binder and coated onto stainless steel substrates previously coated by a bond coat (Ni 22Cr 20Al 1.0Y) using plasma spraying. The coatings exhibited good thermal barrier characteristics and excellent resistance to thermal shock at 1000 degrees C under simulated laboratory conditions (90 half hour cycles without failure) and at 1200 degrees C under accelerated burner rig test conditions (500 2 min cycles without failure). No destabilization of cubic/tetragonal ZrO2 phase fraction occured either during the long hours (45 h cumulative) or the large number of thermal shock tests. Growth of a distinct SiO2 rich region within the ceramic was observed in the specimens thermal shock cycled at 1000 degrees C apart from mild oxidation of the bond coat. The specimens tested at 1200 degrees C had a glassy appearance on the top surface and exhibited severe oxidation of the bond coat at the ceramic-bond coat interface. The glassy appearance of the surface is due to the formation of a liquid silicate layer attributable to the impurity phase present in commercial grade ZrO2 powder. These observations are supported by SEM analysis and quantitative EDAX data.

Evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide and levaemisole hydrochloride in the treatment of Persian sturgeon, Chinese carp eggs and juveniles

During a two years research hydrogen peroxide efficacy evaluated for Persian sturgeon, Chinese carps and common carp eggs. These series of the experiments conducted in various conditions different concentration of hydrogen peroxide include 250, 500, 750, 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 and 9,000 PPM used as ten and fifteen minutes baths, compared with Malachite green and natural control . In the next phase effect of Levaemisole hydrochloride as an immunostimulator which applied as 5 mg/I in twenty minutes baths from day sixth after hatch evaluated by daily mortality rate and leukocytes counts. The results shown that according fertilization percent and temperature condition hydrogen peroxide at 1,000 and 1,500 PPM concentrations is a effective antifungal agent during incubation periods of Persian sturgeon and even sometimes increasing hatching rates significantly comparing with natural controls and Malachite green. In Chinese carps although hydrogen peroxide controls water molds but it is not recommended in high temperatures because it make shortened incubation time and mold infections will decrease. Also the results shown 750 PPM concentration of hydrogen peroxide in common carp eggs controls water moulds infections and increase hatching rate significantly comparing with Malachite green and natural control. Daily mortality rates accessing of Persian sturgeon fries show that 20 minutes baths of 5mg/1 levamisole hydrochloride decreases daily mortality rate during yolk sac absorption. Nitrogenous compounds: nitrate and ammonium differ significantly between treated tanks with control. Blood leucocytes concentrations as an immune index was different significantly in treated fishes by levamisole hydrochloride comparing with controls. In Chinese carps because yolks sac absorption time is short there is not necessary to use the levamisole hydrochloride. Although treated larvae were more active than controls. As a result our suggestions is to use hydrogen peroxide in Persian sturgeon and common carp artificial propagation and also suggest the use levamisole hydrochloride for Persian sturgeon beside management method in stress and pollution condition

Optical trapping of carbon nanotubes and graphene

We study optical trapping of nanotubes and graphene. We extract the distribution of both centre-of-mass and angular fuctuations from three-dimensional tracking of these optically trapped carbon nanostructures. The optical force and torque constants are measured from auto and cross-correlation of the tracking signals. We demonstrate that nanotubes enable nanometer spatial, and femto-Newton force resolution in photonic force microscopy by accurately measuring the radiation pressure in a double frequency optical tweezers. Finally, we integrate optical trapping with Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrating the use of a Raman and photoluminescence tweezers by investigating the spectroscopy of nanotubes and graphene fakes in solution. Experimental results are compared with calculations based on electromagnetic scattering theory. © 2011 by the Author(s); licensee Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, Messina, Italy.

（一）聚丁二烯橡胶的高聚物-溶剂相互作用参数从和有效网链密度的测定（二）顺丁橡胶在几种溶剂中的特性粘数-分子量关系式和无扰分子尺寸的估算

表征硫化橡胶弹性体网络的主要结构参数是有效网链密度橡胶弹性体的许多重要力学性能，例如：300%定伸强度、抗张强度、伸长率、抗撕裂、弹性、硬度、静态压缩模量和动态模量等都是和有效网链密度紧密相关的。Flory用平衡溶胀法测定有效网链密度的方程是：Ve = -1/(V_s)·(l_n(1-υ_r) + υ_r + μυ_r~2)/(υ_r~(1/3)-2υ_r/f)式中的Ve是有效网链密度（用单位体积橡胶的有效网链克分子数来表示），υ_r是溶胀网络中橡胶的体积分数，υ_s是溶剂的克分子体积，f是交联点的官能度（f = 4），μ是高聚物溶剂相互作用参数。首先要确定μ才能够用上式来测定硫化胶的有效网链密度以表征硫化程度。实验事实和Flory等人的理论工作表明：μ不是常数，是υ_r的函数。高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶已生产多年，但迄今未有关于高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶在不同溶剂中的μ和υ_r间的函数关系的报导。在实际应用中，人们常常用υ_r值的大小来近似表征硫化程度。但由上式可知：μ和υ_r不成正比关系。因此，必须求得μ值，才能得到Ve值，以正确表征硫化程度，对实际生产起指导作用。本工作采用溶胀-拉伸方法不渗透压，光散射等方法测定顺丁橡胶和溶剂甲苯、苯、正-庚烷的相互作用参数μ，得到了μ和υ_r的线性函数（见附表），μ = μ_o + βυ_r。μ_o是当υ_r趋向于零时的μ值，β是一个常数。溶胀拉伸法外推得到的μ_o值和用渗透压及光散射法得到的μ_o值么接近，为实验的可靠性提供了依据。力学方法和物理化学方法同时测得相近的结果，有文献报导的不多。用溶胀-拉伸法求橡胶-溶剂的相互作用参数μ，由于样品的制作和实验技术上的困难内尚未见报导。国外Kraus和V. Zanboni等人用天然、丁苯、乙丙、丁腈等纯胶硫化胶（未加碳黑的硫化胶）进行溶胀-拉伸实验，测定μ和U_r的函数关系。然后用来计算碳黑硫化胶的μ和Ve。本工作表明：对于同一橡胶-溶剂体系来说，纯胶硫化胶和碳黑硫化胶的μ和υ_r的函数关系并不一样，在相同υ_r时，二者Ve相差2.5-5%，υ_r值越大，Ve相差越大。因此用纯胶硫化胶的μ和υ_r的函数来计算碳黑硫化胶的有效网链密度是不适当的。本工作还用渗透压法测定了1，2-聚丁二烯（1，2-含量分别为90%和60%）及合成异戊橡胶和溶剂甲苯的相互作用参数μ_o。结果表明：合成异戊橡胶和天然橡胶有相同的μ_o值。这说明μ_o值只和化学结构有关，与样品的来源无关。两种1，2-聚丁二烯橡胶和顺丁橡胶也有相接近的μ_o值。其原因是因为三者有基本相同的内聚能密度，则它们在同一种溶剂中所受到的作用力应当相等的缘故。最后，本工作还研究了顺丁橡胶的有效网链密度对300%定伸强度、抗张强度、抗撕裂、伸长率、弹性、硬度、静态压缩模量和动态模量等力学性能的影响。结果表明：有效网链密度Ve和300%定伸强度成直线函数关系：M_(300%) = 17 + 3.61 * 10~5 * Ve（公斤/厘米）。这就为测定硫化胶的有效网链密度提供了另一条途径，因为300%定伸强度是表征硫化胶的一个重要参数，实验简单易行，知道了M_(300%)就可以利用上式估算Ve。本工作发现有效网链密度在2.00～3.10 * 10~(-4)摩尔/厘米~3的范围内，则可望达到优秀的抗张强度和抗撕裂性能，对实际生产的工艺控制有一定现实意义。本工作以稀土催化体系合成的顺丁橡胶（顺1，4-97%、反1，4-2.5%、1.2-0.5%）作为研究对象，订定了顺丁橡胶在溶剂四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基环乙烷、正-庚烷和丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂（体积比为2:1）等中的特性粘数分子量关系式：用Kurata-Stockmayer(KS)方程、Stockmayer-Fixman(SF)方程和Tnagaki-Ptitsyn(IP)方程估算了顺丁橡胶的无扰分子尺寸。顺丁橡胶在溶剂四氢呋喃中的特性粘数-分子量关系式为[η]_(THF)~30 ℃= 0.0246 * M~(0.732)该关系式的获得为采用自记GPC测定和计算顺丁橡胶样品的(M-bar)_w、(M-bar)_n、(M-bar)_w/(M-bar)_x和[η]等重要分子参数提供了方便。因顺丁橡胶在四氢呋喃中的特性粘数-分子量关系式文献至今未见报导。顺丁橡胶在甲苯、甲基环乙烷、正-庚烷和丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂中的特性粘数-分子量关系式如下：[η]_(甲苯)~(30 ℃) = 0.0264 * M~(0.719) [η]_(甲基/环已烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.0293 * M~(0.698) [η]_(正-庚烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.1181 * M~(0.547) [η]_(丁酮+正-庚烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.1800 * M~(0.500)发现酮与正-庚烷的混合溶剂（体积比为2:1）在30 ℃时是顺丁橡胶的Θ溶剂。高聚物的无扰分子尺寸，是反映大分子近程相互作用的重要参数，由此可得到有关链结构的重要情报。本工作通过测定已知分子量的样品在四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基环已烷等良溶剂中的特性粘数，采用KS、SF和IP方程去估算顺丁橡胶的无扰分子尺寸，同时测定了顺丁橡胶在其Θ条件下（丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂，体积比2:1，温度30 ℃）的无扰分子尺寸，以此进行对比。用KS方程估算的K_θ = 0.183(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0901(nm)用SF方程估算的K_θ = 0.183和0.200(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0901和0.0928(nm)用IP方程估算的K_θ = 0.192(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0915(nm)用Θ溶剂测定的K_θ= 0.180(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0896(nm)由此可见，用不同方法得到的结果均较接近。

不同温度下离子注入研究316L不锈钢中氦泡的形核与生长

鉴于在较低温区（<600 ℃）金属中氦泡形核生长的实验数据尚缺乏，我们安排了在400 ℃、500 ℃ 下用2.5MeV He~+离子注入316L 不锈钢（固溶样和冷轧样）的实验，剂量2.5 * 10~(21)ions·m~(-2)，剂量率3.4-3.6 * 10~(16)ions·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。由于在透射电镜（TEM）观测中采用横断面制样技术，得到了各样品中He泡深度分布的信息。分析表明实验结果与He泡的双原子形核模型的预言一致；He泡的迁移合并机制不显著，这与实验测得He泡中存在极高的原子密度相对应。固溶样品的离位损伤峰区发生了大量空位向He泡的凝聚从而加速了He泡生长。位错的存在显著增强了He泡的形核并抑制了空位的凝聚，并且这种作用在较低温度下更加显著

一种小晶粒FeZSM5沸石分子筛的制备方法

一种小晶粒FeZSM5沸石分子筛的制备方法，以含硅物质、无机铁盐、无机钠盐、有机胺类、无机酸和无离子水为原料，各组分的组成(摩尔比)为Fe3+:SiO2:Na2O:Na+:R:H2O＝1:(90-1600):(8.3－13):(13－25):(25－40):(2500－4000)采用水热合成法，在搅拌速度400－500转/分钟、以2℃/分钟的速率由室温升至100－140℃，恒温130小时，完成结晶，然后降温、过滤、洗涤、烘干、焙烧得到晶粒小于1μm分子筛，不需要重复交换一次完成，制备简单。

Efeito do ácido indolbutírico e épocas de estaqueamento sobre o enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de figueira (Ficus carica L.)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de seis concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) no enraizamento de estacas herbáceas de figueira (Ficus carica L.) sob nebulização intermitente, em três épocas diferentes. Os ensaios foram instalados em maio/2004, setembro/2004 e janeiro/2005, e, em cada época, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis concentrações de IBA (0, 500, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000, 2.500 e 3.000 mg L-1). As estacas foram coletadas na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Unesp, localizada no município de Selvíria, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, sendo padronizadas com 10 cm de comprimento e duas folhas. Após o preparo das estacas, estas foram tratadas com solução de Metiltiofan, posteriormente imersas nas soluções de IBA por 10 min. em seguida, realizou-se o plantio em jardineiras plásticas de cor preta, contendo vermiculita, que foram transportadas para telado, com 50% de redução de luz, com sistema de irrigação do tipo nebulização intermitente. As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de estacas sobreviventes e enraizadas, número de raízes, comprimento máximo do sistema radicular e massa da matéria seca da raiz. Nas condições em que o trabalho foi conduzido, permite-se concluir que: é viável a propagação herbácea de figueira; houve efeito do IBA apenas em maio, em que a melhor dose foi de 1.000 mg L-1; as melhores épocas para estaquia de estacas herbáceas de figueira são em setembro e janeiro, sem utilização de IBA, nas quais foram obtidos melhores resultados quanto à porcentagem de estacas enraizadas.

Fitase e digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes de rações por tilápias-do-nilo

Objetivou-se determinar a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes de rações com diferentes níveis de fitase formuladas com alimentos de origem vegetal, em 90 juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo, pesando em média 120,0 g, alojados em nove tanques-rede (dez peixes/tanque). Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração suplementada com fósforo (controle) e de oito sem suplementação de fósforo, porém com 500, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000, 2.500, 3.000, 3.500 e 4.000 unidades de fitase (UF)/kg de ração, todas isoenergéticas e isoprotéicas. A inclusão de 1.500 UF melhorou a digestibilidade da MS e da EB e a disponibilidade de cálcio e fósforo das rações. O nível de 1.000 UF melhorou a disponibilidade de zinco e manganês.

Morphological deformities in the osseous structure in spotted sorubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (agassiz & spix, 1829) with vitamin c deficiency

A vitamina C é essencial para dietas de peixe porque muitas espécies não conseguem sintetizá-la. Esta vitamina é necessária par a formação de cartilagem e matriz óssea. Além disso, age como antioxidante e melhora as resposta do sistema imunológico. O presente trabalho investigou os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina C em dietas para alevinos de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) pela incidência de deformidades na estrutura óssea e cartilaginosa. O ascorbil polifosfato (AP) foi utilizado como fonte de vitamina C em dietas para alevinos de pintado durante o período de três meses. Seis dietas foram formuladas: uma dieta controle (0 mg de vitamina C / kg) e cinco dietas 500, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000 e 2.500 mg de AP / kg. Os peixes alimentados sem suplementação de vitamina C apresentaram deformidades óssea na cabeça e mandíbula e fragilidade de nadadeiras. Assim, a dieta de 500 mg de AP/kg foi suficiente para prevenir a ocorrência de deformidades, e a ausência desta vitamina prejudica o desenvolvimento ósseo de juvenis de pintados.

Antioxidant action of Rosemary extract in soybean oil submitted to thermoxidation

This work was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of rosemary extract added to soybean oil in thermoxidation conditions. Purified soybean oil, refined soybean oil and refined soybean oil containing 1,000 mg/kg rosemary extract were heated at 180°C. The oxidation of the samples was evaluated after 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 hours of thermoxidation by means of oxidative stability determination, total polar compounds and conjugated dienes. The purified oil differed significantly from the refined oil, mainly in relation to oxidative stability due the removal of the natural antioxidants. Rosemary extract presented antioxidant effects at high temperatures. After 10 hours of heating, 1,000 mg/kg rosemary extract added to the refined soybean oil significantly increased the oil oxidative stability from 7.52 to 13.5 hours and decreased the formation of polymers and decomposing products measured through the polar rates from 17.35 to 7.99%. The build up of primary oxidation products gauged through diene rates also decreased from 1.61 to 0.80%. Rosemary extract could be recommended as an alternative antioxidant.