Disciplina 4.5: elabora????o e gerenciamento de projetos

A disciplina teve como conte??dos: conceitos b??sicos sobre a gest??o de projetos: reflex??es sobre a rela????o entre projeto, subprojeto, programa e plano; diferencia????o de projeto e processo; conceito de gest??o; ciclo de vida; processos de gerenciamento; an??lise de atores envolvidos; participa????o na elabora????o e gerenciamento; elabora????o do plano; gest??o integrada, monitoramento e avalia????o do projeto

Disciplina 4.5: sistema de planejamento federal

O planejamento governamental no Brasil nos ??ltimos 20 anos, a base legal do Plano Plurianual ??? PPA (a Constitui????o Federal, Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal), a intera????o dos tr??s instrumentos que organizam a a????o p??blica: o PPA, a Lei de Diretrizes Or??ament??ria ??? LDO e Or??amento. A consolida????o do modelo e desafios. O Sistema Federal de Planejamento. Plano Plurianual (PPA): elementos e sistem??tica de elabora????o. Elabora????o de Programas no PPA: conceitos e atributos dos programas. Oficina de planejamento e elabora????o de programas tem??ticos

"Multiplex PCR" identification of the atypical and monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- in São Paulo State, Brazil: frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns

Salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. By serological identification, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman Salmonella strains isolated in São Paulo State, during 1991-2000. A total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to H:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through PCR analysis and were further assigned as S. Typhimurium. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 36.3% of the 369 PCR-negative strains tested, including the multiresistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin.

Evolução da cardiopatia chagásica crônica humana no sertão do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, no período de 4,5 anos

Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos seccionais sobre a doença de Chagas crônica, com intervalo de 4,5 anos, envolvendo as populações urbanas dos municípios de Água Branca, Catingueira, Emas, Imaculada, Mãe D'Àgua, Olho D'Àgua, Piancó e São José de Caiana, situados na região do Sertão do Estado da Paraíba. A evolução da cardiopatia foi avaliada em um grupo de 125 pares de pacientes chagásicos crônicos e não-chagásicos do mesmo sexo, idade e município de origem, através do exame eletrocardiográfico (ECG) de repouso. Foram considerados os seguintes tipos de evolução: inalterada - quando não havia mudança no padrão inicial do ECG; progressiva - quando havia mudança no padrão do ECG de normal para alterado ou pelo agravamento das alterações e normalização do ECG. No grupo de chagásicos a evolução inalterada ocorreu em 101 (80,8%)pacientes, progressiva em 13 (10,4%) e normalização do ECG em 11 (8,8%), enquanto no grupo de não-chagásicos foram observadas as mencionadas evoluções respectivamente em 117 (93,6%), 6 (4,8%) e 2 (1,6%) pacientes. Com esses dados podemos afirmar que a proporção de participação do componente etiológico exclusivamente chagásico na progressão da cardiopatia chagásica crônica foi de 5,9%, estimando-se uma média anual de 1,3%. Não houve diferença significativa nas freqüências de evolução progressiva em relação ao sexo dos pacientes, tanto no grupo de chagásicos como no de não-chagásicos. Por outro lado, a progressão da cardiopatia ocorreu mais precocemente nos chagásicos. A letalidade por cardiopatia foi 1,6% (2 casos) no grupo de chagásicos e de zero no de não chagásicos, no período considerado. Esses dados sobre a morbimortalidade podem ser considerados significativamente inferiores aos encontrados em áreas endêmicas como Virgem da Lapa e Pains-Iguatama, em Minas Gerais, provavelmente expressando o menor poder patogênico da infecção humana pelo Trypanosoma cruzi no Sertão da Paraíba.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with H1N1 virus infection and visceral leishmaniasis in a 4.5-month-old infant

We present a case of a 4.5-month-old boy from Turkey with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with H1N1 virus and Leishmania spp. coinfection. Because visceral leishmaniasis can mimic hematologic disorders like HLH, it is important to rule out this clinical condition before starting immunosuppressive therapy. In our case, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in a dramatic resolution of clinical and laboratory abnormalities.

Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in proton--proton collisions at s√=7 TeV using 4.5 fb−1 of data with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive jet cross-section is measured in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter values of 0.4 and 0.6. The double-differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum and the jet rapidity, covering jet transverse momenta from 100 GeV to 2 TeV. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative effects and electroweak effects, as well as Monte Carlo simulations with next-to-leading-order matrix elements interfaced to parton showering, are compared to the measured cross-sections. A quantitative comparison of the measured cross-sections to the QCD calculations using several sets of parton distribution functions is performed.

Erratum to: Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in proton-proton collisions at s√=7 TeV using 4.5 fb−1 of data with the ATLAS detector

It was found that the non-perturbative corrections calculated using Pythia with the Perugia 2011 tune did not include the effect of the underlying event. The affected correction factors were recomputed using the Pythia 6.427 generator. These corrections are applied as baseline to the NLO pQCD calculations and thus the central values of the theoretical predictions have changed by a few percent with the new corrections. This has a minor impact on the agreement between the data and the theoretical predictions. Figures 2 and 6 to 13, and all the tables have been updated with the new values. A few sentences in the discussion in sections 5.2 and 9 were altered or removed.

Phase I and phase II xenobiotic reactions and metabolism of the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in aggregating liver cell cultures.

Aggregating fetal liver cell cultures were tested for their ability to metabolize xenobiotics using ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), as marker of phase I metabolism, and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as marker for phase II reactions. Significant basal activities, stable over 14 days in culture were measured for both ECOD and GST activities. The prototype cytochrome P450 inducers, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and phenobarbital (PB), increased ECOD and GST activities reaching an optimum 7 days after culturing, followed by a decline in activity. This decline was partially prevented by 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) added chronically to the culture medium. DMSO was also found to induce ECOD activity and to a lesser extent GST activity. Furthermore, it potentiated in a dose-dependent manner the induction of ECOD by PB. The food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) is metabolically transformed through a number of pathways in vivo. It was therefore used to examine the metabolic capacity in fetal and adult liver cell aggregates. Metabolism of MeIQx was mainly through N2-conjugation, resulting in formation of the N2-glucuronide and sulfamate conjugates for non-induced fetal liver cells. These metabolites were also found in large amounts in non-induced adult liver cells. Low levels of cytochrome P450-mediated ring-hydroxylated metabolites were detected in both non-induced fetal and adult liver cells. After induction with arochlor (PCB) or 3-MC, the major pathway was ring-hydroxylation (cytochrome P450 dependent), followed by conjugation to beta-glucuronic or sulfuric acid. The presence of the glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-MeIQx, a mutagenic metabolite, suggested an induction of P450 CYP1A2. The metabolism of MeIQx by liver cell aggregates is very similar to that observed in vivo and suggests that aggregating liver cell cultures are a useful model for in vitro metabolic studies in toxicology.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate clusters act as molecular beacons for vesicle recruitment.

Synaptic-vesicle exocytosis is mediated by the vesicular Ca(2+) sensor synaptotagmin-1. Synaptotagmin-1 interacts with the SNARE protein syntaxin-1A and acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, it is unclear how these interactions contribute to triggering membrane fusion. Using PC12 cells from Rattus norvegicus and artificial supported bilayers, we show that synaptotagmin-1 interacts with the polybasic linker region of syntaxin-1A independent of Ca(2+) through PIP2. This interaction allows both Ca(2+)-binding sites of synaptotagmin-1 to bind to phosphatidylserine in the vesicle membrane upon Ca(2+) triggering. We determined the crystal structure of the C2B domain of synaptotagmin-1 bound to phosphoserine, allowing development of a high-resolution model of synaptotagmin bridging two different membranes. Our results suggest that PIP2 clusters organized by syntaxin-1 act as molecular beacons for vesicle docking, with the subsequent Ca(2+) influx bringing the vesicle membrane close enough for membrane fusion.

Tracing lineage by phenotypic and genotypic markers in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated in state of São Paulo, Brazil

Fifty-three Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- and 45 Salmonella Typhimurium strains were characterised using phage typing, plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for comparison. The majority of the strains were subdivided into definitive type (DT) 41 (22.6%) and DT 193 (18%) and the 60-MDa plasmid was detected in 94.3% and 84.4% of strains, respectively. Genetic diversity was observed among all strains and 90% presented a > 70% similarity through PFGE analysis. These results suggest a close relationship between Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium at the serotype level.

Footnotes April/May 2002, Vol.26, no.4/5

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