Solubility of n-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)ethanamide in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The solubility of a drug, n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanamide (phenacetin), in supercritical carbon dioxide was determined by a Saturation method at (308, 318, and 328) K from (9 to 19) MPa. The Solubilities in mole fraction of n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethanamide in supercritical carbon dioxide were in the range of 1.29.10(-5) to 2.88.10(-5), 1.13.10(-5) to 3.65.10(-5), and 0.91.10(-5) to 4.28.10(-5) at (308, 3 18, and 328) K, respectively. The solubility data were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state models and the Mendez-Santiago and Teja model.

Structure of 9[alpha],19-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione

C19H26O4, M(r) = 318.41, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 10.591 (1), b = 11.133 (1), c = 13.657 (2) angstrom, V = 1610.29 angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(m) (flotation in KI) = 1.301, D(x) = 1.313 g cm-3, Mo K-alpha, lambda = 0.7107 angstrom, mu = 0.85 cm-1, F(000) = 688, T = 293 K, R = 0.057 for 1253 significant reflections. The A ring is disordered with atoms C(2) and O(19) occupying two possible sites. The molecules are held together by a hydrogen bond [O(9)...O(17) = 2.89 angstrom].

Assembly of 12-tungstosilicic acid and 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether based on the electrostatic attraction through bridging of oxonium ions on different substrates

Based on the electrostatic attraction Keggin-type polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40 (SiW12) and small molecule 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether (4-AB15C5) were alternately deposited on poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-derived indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate through a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly, forming a supramolecular multilayer film (film-A). SiW12 was also deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) derived by 4-AB15C5 via covalent bonding in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution and formed a composite monolayer film (film-B). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the interactions between SiW12 and 4-AB15C5 in both two film electrodes were the same and caused by the bridging action of oxonium ions. But, the nanostructure in the two film electrodes was different. 4-AB15C5 in film-A was oriented horizontally to ITO substrate, however, that in film-B was oriented vertically to GCE. Namely film-A corresponded to a layer structure, and film-B corresponded to an intercalation structure.

PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF HALF-OPEN VANADOCENE, V[2,4-(CH3)2C5H5](C5H5)CO

The half-open vanadocene, V[2,4-(CH3)2C5H5](C5H5)CO, was obtained by the reaction of V[2,4-(CH3)2C5H5](C5H5)PMe3 with CO in petroleum ether at room temperature. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction technique. The crystal was monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n, a = 16.614(3), b = 7.636(1), c = 19.128(6) angstrom, beta = 99.92(2)-degrees, V = 2390.5(9) angstrom3, and Z = 8. The final R value was 0.043. The V(1)-CPD(1) (half) (PD = 2,4-(CH3)2C5H5) bonds were shorter (0.038 angstrom) than the V(1)-CCP(1) (half) (CP = C5H5) bonds, averaging 2.224(4) versus 2.262(4) angstrom, respectively. 4V[2,4-(CH3)2C5H5](C5H5)CO has been characterized by IR and EPR methods.

Aspects of care 4: views of professionals and mothers

This is the fourth in a series of six papers presenting key findings from a national study that was undertaken to investigate the role and responsibilities of midwives and to identify continuing educational need. The background to the study and the titles of the other papers in the series have been outlined in the first paper. This paper focuses on midwives’, supervisors’, doctors’ and mothers’ views regarding quality of care issues, with particular emphasis on what makes a ‘good’ midwife.

Investigating the Mechanism and Electrode Kinetics of the Oxygen vertical bar Superoxide (O-2 vertical bar O-2(center dot-)) Couple in Various Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids at Gold and Platinum Electrodes in the Temperature Range 298-318 K

The reduction of oxygen was studied over a range of temperatures (298-318 K) in n-hexyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [N-6,N-2,N-2,N-2][NTf2], and 1-butyl-2,3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C(4)dmim][NTf2] on both gold and platinum microdisk electrodes, and the mechanism and electrode kinetics of the reaction investigated. Three different models were used to simulate the CVs, based on a simple electron transfer ('E'), an electron transfer coupled with a reversible homogeneous chemical step ('ECrev') and an electron transfer followed by adsorption of the reduction product ('EC(ads)'), and where appropriate, best fit parameters deduced, including the heterogeneous rate constant, formal electrode potential, transfer coefficient, and homogeneous rate constants for the ECrev mechanism, and adsorption/desorption rate constants for the EC(ads) mechanism. It was concluded from the good simulation fits on gold that a simple E process operates for the reduction of oxygen in [N-6,N-2,N-2,N-2][NTf2], and an ECrev process for [C(4)dmim][NTf2], with the chemical step involving the reversible formation of the O-2(center dot-)center dot center dot center dot [C(4)dmim](+) ion-pair. The E mechanism was found to loosely describe the reduction of oxygen in [N-6,N-2,N-2,N-2][NTf2] on platinum as the simulation fits were reasonable although not perfect, especially for the reverse wave. The electrochemical kinetics are slower on Pt, and observed broadening of the oxidation peak is likely due to the adsorption of superoxide on the electrode surface in a process more complex than simple Langmuirian. In [C(4)dmim][NTf2] the O-2(center dot-) predominantly ion-pairs with the solvent rather than adsorbs on the surface, and an ECrev quantitatively describes the reduction of oxygen on Pt also.

The Reduction of Oxygen in Various Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in the Temperature Range 293-318 K: Exploring the Applicability of the Stokes-Einstein Relationship in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

The voltammetry for the reduction of oxygen at a microdisk electrode is reported in six commonly used RTILs: [C(4)mim][NTf2], [C(4)mpyrr][NTf2], [C(4)dmim][NTf2], [C(4)mim][BF4], [C(4)mim][PF6], and [N-6.2.2.2][NTf2], where [C(4)mim](+) is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [NTf2](-) is bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C(4)mpyrr](+) is N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, [C(4)dmim](+) is 1-butyl-2,3-methylimidazolium, [BF4](-) is tetrafluoroborate, [PF6](-) is hexafluorophosphate, and [N-6.2.2.2](+) is n-hexyltriethylammonium at varying scan rates (50-4000 mV s(-1)) and temperatures (293-318 K). Diffusion coefficients, D, of oxygen are deduced at each temperature from potential-step chronoamperometry, and diffusional activation energies are calculated. Oxygen solubilities are also reported as a function of temperature. In the six ionic liquids, the Stokes-Einstein relationship (D proportional to eta(-1)) was found to apply only very approximately for oxygen. This is considered in relationship to the behavior of other diverse solutes in RTILs.

Comparison of dynamics of wildtype and V94M human UDP-galactose 4-epimerase-A computational perspective on severe epimerase-deficiency galactosemia

UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, an important step in galactose catabolism. Type III galactosemia, an inherited metabolic disease, is associated with mutations in human GALE. The V94M mutation has been associated with a very severe form of type III galactosemia. While a variety of structural and biochemical studies have been reported that elucidate differences between the wildtype and this mutant form of human GALE, little is known about the dynamics of the protein and how mutations influence structure and function. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on the wildtype and V94M enzyme in different states of substrate and cofactor binding. In the mutant, the average distance between the substrate and both a key catalytic residue (Tyr157) and the enzyme-bound NAD(+) cofactor and the active site dynamics are altered making substrate binding slightly less stable. However, overall stability or dynamics of the protein is not altered. This is consistent with experimental findings that the impact is largely on the turnover number (kcat), with less substantial effects on Km. Active site fluctuations were found to be correlated in enzyme with substrate bound to just one of the subunits in the homodimer suggesting inter-subunit communication. Greater active site loop mobility in human GALE compared to the equivalent loop in Escherichia coli GALE explains why the former can catalyze the interconversion of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine while the bacterial enzyme cannot. This work illuminates molecular mechanisms of disease and may inform the design of small molecule therapies for type III galactosemia.

Espagnol 318

Contient : 1 Bref du pape Jules II aux Rois Catholiques Ferdinand et Isabelle. Rome, 25 mai 1504. En latin ; 2 Bref du pape Alexandre VI aux Rois Catholiques Ferdinand et Isabelle. Rome, 2 octobre 1493. En latin ; 3 Lettre de l'empereur Maximilien Ier aux Rois Catholiques Ferdinand et Isabelle. Strasbourg, 15 avril 1499. En latin ; 4 Lettre de l'empereur Maximilien Ier aux Rois Catholiques Ferdinand et Isabelle. Hall, 17 mars 1496. En français ; 5 Lettre de Frédéric III, roi de Naples, aux Rois Catholiques Ferdinand et Isabelle. San Germano, 11 janvier 1497. En italien et en partie en chiffre ; 6 Lettre de Jeanne de Naples, "la tryste rreyna," veuve de Ferdinand Ier, à son frère Ferdinand le Catholique. Naples, 17 novembre 1508 ; 7 Lettre de Jeanne de Naples, "la tryste rreyna," veuve de Ferdinand Ier à son père Jean II d'Aragon. Naples, 8 octobre 1477. En catalan ; 8 Lettre de Jeanne de Naples, "la tryste rreyna," veuve de Ferdinand Ier à son frère Ferdinand le Catholique. Castellamar (?), 23 juillet 1509 ; 9 Lettre des Rois Catholiques à la comtesse de la Cherra. Alcalá de Henares, 20 janvier 1503 ; 10 Lettre des Rois Catholiques à Mossen de Rebestan. Alcalá de Henares, 5 avril 1498 ; 11 Lettre des Rois Catholiques à l'empereur Maximilien. 1503. Duplicata ; 12 Lettre de Ferdinand le Catholique à son père Jean II d'Aragon. Séville, 25 juillet 1478 ; 13 Lettre des Rois Catholiques à N... "duque primo," lui défendant d'intervenir les armes à la main dans les affaires de la maison de Medinaceli, sous peine de perdre ses biens. Écija, décembre 1501. Minute ; 14 Lettres de créance des Rois Catholiques pour Gonçalo Fernandez de Cordova. Grenade, 22 mars 1501 ; 15 Lettre d'"Ysabella de Aragonia, duchesa de Millano," au Roi Catholique. Bari, 14 décembre 1507. En italien ; 16 Lettre de "Leonor," princesse de Navarre, au roi Jean II, son père. Olit, 10 décembre 1473 ; 17 Lettre de "Janus Maria de Campo Fregoso," doge de Gênes, au Roi Catholique. Gênes, 6 juillet 1512. En italien ; 18 Lettre d'Alphonse d'Est, duc de Ferrare, au Roi Catholique. Ferrare, 25 janvier 1507. En italien ; 19 Lettre de "Johan" d'Albret et "Catalina," rois de Navarre, au Roi Catholique. Pau, 9 octobre 1510 ; 20 Lettre d'"el prinçipe" D. Carlos au Roi Catholique. Malines, 26 octobre 1508 ; 21 Lettre d'"Anne," duchesse de Bretagne, à l'ambassadeur des Rois Catholiques, Francisco de Rojas. Rennes, 18 avril 1490. En français ; 22 Lettre d'"Anne," duchesse de Bretagne, reine de France, au Roi Catholique. Moulins, 24 mai 1497. En français ; 23 Lettre de Ferdinand le Catholique à son père Jean II. Sans lieu ni date ; 24 Lettre de "el Rey M[anuel]" de Portugal au Roi Catholique. Allmeirim, 7 mars 1510. En portugais ; 25 Lettre d'"Anne" de France au Roi Catholique. Paris, 30 juillet 1513. En français ; 26 Lettre de "Pierre" II de Bourbon à la Reine Catholique. Villefranche en Beaujolais, 12 décembre. En français ; 27 Lettre d'Alphonse II, roi de Naples, au Roi Catholique. Messine, 11 mai 1495. En italien ; 28 Lettre de Ferdinand Ier, roi de Naples, à son oncle Jean II d'Aragon. Naples, 3 mai 1473. En italien ; 29 Lettre de "Don Fadryque" III, roi de Naples, à la Reine Catholique. "De my rreal sobre Gaeta," 21 novembre 1496 ; 30 Lettre de "la infelicissima regina Ysabella," femme de Frédéric III de Naples, au Roi Catholique. "In lo placis de Turs." (Tours) 10 janvier. En italien ; 31 Lettre de Louis XII, roi de France, au Roi Catholique. 30 mars 1508. En français ; 32 Lettre de Charles VIII, roi de France, au Roi Catholique. Amboyse, 26 septembre. En français ; 33 Lettre de Louis XII au Roi Catholique. Rouenne, 26 mars 1509. En français ; 34 Lettre de Louis XII au Roi Catholique. Bloys, 14 septembre 1505. En français ; 35 Lettre de "la princesa de Gales," Catherine d'Aragon, au Roi Catholique. Rryxamon (Richmond), 29 mai ; 36 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova, "duque de Terranova," à Miguel Perez de Almazan. Sans date ; 37 Lettre de "Juan Manuel" aux Rois Catholiques. Gênes, 8 janvier 1497 ; 38 Lettre de "Gaston" de Foix au Roi Catholique. Sans date. En français ; 39 Lettre de "la princesa de Gales," Catherine d'Aragon, au Roi Catholique. Granuche (Greenwich), 21 novembre 1508 ; 40 Lettre de Béatrix de Naples, "la infelicissima regina de Hungaria et Bohemia," fille de Ferdinand Ier de Naples et femme de Ladislas VI, roi de Hongrie, au Roi Catholique. Naples, 2 mars 1508. En italien ; 41 Lettre de Louis XII, roi de France, à l'archiduc Philippe. Loches, 24 novembre 1502. En français ; 42 Lettre d'Arthur, prince de Galles, à Catherine d'Aragon, sa femme. "Ex manerio Woodstoke," 9 septembre 1497. En latin ; 43 Lettre d'"el Rey M[anuel]" de Portugal au Roi Catholique. Evora, 22 décembre 1512. En portugais ; 44 Lettre de Marie, reine de Portugal, au Roi Catholique. Evora, 2 décembre 1508. En portugais ; 45 Lettre de Henri VII, roi d'Angleterre, aux Rois Catholiques. Greenwich, 15 mai 1497. En latin ; 46 Lettre de Jacques IV, roi d'Écosse, aux Rois Catholiques. Édimbourg, 27 octobre 1497. En latin ; 47 Lettre d'Élisabeth, reine d'Angleterre, à la Reine Catholique. Greenwich, 11 mars 1498. En latin ; 48 Lettre de l'archiduc Philippe et de Marguerite d'Autriche aux Rois Catholiques. Bruxelles, 16 décembre 1495. En français ; 49 Lettre de Catherine, reine de Navarre, au Roi Catholique. Pampelune, 12 juin 1512 ; 50 Lettre d'Isabelle, reine de Castille, au roi Jean II d'Aragon, son beau-père. Madrigal, 30 avril ; 51 Lettre de Madeleine de France, régente de Navarre, aux Rois Catholiques. Pampelune, 16 novembre 1494. En français ; 52 Lettre de la Reine Catholique aux maîtres et pilotes de la flotte qui doit conduire en Angleterre l'infante Catherine. Grenade, septembre 1501. Duplicata ; 53 Lettre du Roi Catholique au gouverneur du "principato Citra." Naples, 30 mai 1507. En italien ; 54 Lettre d'Isabelle, reine de Portugal, à Miguel Perez de Almazan, secrétaire des Rois Catholiques. Yelves, 5 avril 1498 ; 55 Lettre de Ferdinand II, roi de Naples, à la Reine Catholique. Procita, dernier jour de février. En italien ; 56 Lettre d'un agent du Roi Catholique à "Mosen Coloma," datée : "En el real de Valençya." ; 57 Lettre de "La Mouche de Veyre" à la Reine Catholique. Lyon, 23 juillet. En français ; 58 Lettre de Bernardino de Lezcano au Roi Catholique. Tolosa, 23 novembre 1512 ; 59 Lettre d'Yves II, baron d'Alègre, à Yñigo Lopez. Troye, 27 février 1502. En italien ; 60 Billet de Jean-Jacques Trivulci à un secrétaire des Rois Catholiques. Bles (Blois ?), 29 novembre 1513. En italien ; 61 Lettre de D. Iñigo Davalos y Aquino, marquis del Vasto, aux Rois Catholiques. Castello de Iscla, 26 avril 1503 ; 62 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova au Roi Catholique. "Del real sobre Gaeta," 17 septembre 1503 ; 63 Lettre d'Antonio de Leyva au Roi Catholique. Naples, 6 mai 1512 ; 64 Lettre de Béatrix de Naples au Roi Catholique. Naples, 30 octobre 1507. En italien ; 65 Lettre de Jeanne de Naples, "la tryste reyna," veuve de Ferdinand II, à sa tante la Reine Catholique. Sans date ; 66 Lettre de Marie, reine de Portugal, à son père le Roi Catholique. Almeryn, 26 mars 1508 ; 67 Lettre de Henri VIII, roi d'Angleterre, au Roi Catholique. Windsor, 25 septembre 1511. En latin ; 68 Lettre de Marguerite d'Autriche au Roi Catholique. Bruxelles, 25 novembre 1509 ; 69 Lettre de Marguerite d'York, duchesse douairière de Bourgogne, à la Reine Catholique. Audermunde, 25 août 1493. En latin ; 70 Lettre d'Anne, reine de France, aux Rois Catholiques. Loches, 31 janvier. En français ; 71 Lettre de Philippe, archiduc d'Autriche, à sa belle-soeur Catherine, princesse de Galles. Bruxelles, 8 août 1498. En français ; 72 Lettre de Fabritio Colonna au Roi Catholique. Naples, 23 octobre 1511. En italien ; 73 Lettre de Bartholomeo d'Alviano au Roi Catholique. Fréjus, 2 avril 1508. En italien ; 74 Lettre de Gui de Blanchefort, grand maître de Rhodes, au Roi Catholique. Lyon, 24 juin 1513. En latin ; 75 Lettre d'Agostino Adorno, gouverneur du duché de Gênes, à Antonio de Grimaldis. Gênes, 7 juillet 1496. En italien ; 76 Mémoire du duc de Milan, Ludovico Maria Sforza, pour son ambassadeur à Venise, Octaviano Vicomercato. Milan, 4 avril 1496. En italien ; 77 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova au Roi Catholique. 29 novembre ; 78 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova au Roi Catholique. Naples, 15 octobre 1505 ; 79 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova à Miguel Perez de Almazan, secrétaire des Rois Catholiques. Naples, 16 février 1504 ; 80 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova à Miguel Perez de Almazan, secrétaire des Rois Catholiques. Naples, 12 novembre 1505 ; 81 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova aux Rois Catholiques. Rome, 28 mars 1497 ; 82 Lettre du cardinal Jean Colonna au Roi Catholique. Rome, 14 février 1506. En italien ; 83 Lettre de recommandation de Juan de Ribera, archevêque de Valence et patriarche d'Antioche, pour Juan de Borja, fils de Francisco de Borja. Valence, 27 novembre 1570 ; 84 Lettre de Lorenzo Pucci, cardinal des Quatre-Saints, au Roi Catholique. Rome, 12 juillet 1514. En italien ; 85 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova au Roi Catholique. Madrid (?), 7 août 1510 ; 86 Lettre de Fernando de Alarcon au Roi Catholique. Naples, 18 mai 1508 ; 87 Lettre de Christoval Camudio à Miguel Perez de Almazan. Osma, 25 mars ; 88 Lettre de Pedro Navarro au Miguel Perez de Almazan. Burgos, 29 septembre 1507 ; 89 Lettre de Prospero Colonna à Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova. Rome, 19 août 1505. En italien ; 90 Lettre d'Ugo de Moncada au Roi Catholique. Cosenza, 22 janvier ; 91 Lettre de Giovane Caraccioli, prince de Melfi, au Roi Catholique. Barletta, 17 juin 1509. En italien ; 92 Lettre, en partie chiffrée, de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova à Lorenzo Suarez, 17 août 1500. Copie remise à Miguel Perez de Almazan ; 93 Lettre en chiffre de Lorenzo Suarez aux Rois Catholiques. Venise, 24 février 1504 ; 94 Lettre en chiffre du vice-roi de Sicile au Roi Catholique. Messine, 27 avril 1503 ; 95 Chiffre sans adresse, daté du 8 janvier 1497 ; 96 Lettre du cardinal Luis de Borja à Miguel Perez de Almazan. Naples, 17 avril 1510 ; 97 Lettre de Pierre II de Bourbon, seigneur de Beaujollais, à M. de Maure. Moulins, 14 août. En français ; 98 Lettre de Cifontes à la Reine Catholique. Ramua, 29 octobre 1496 ; 99 Lettre de Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova à Miguel Perez de Almazan. Naples, 25 août 1505 ; 100 Lettre de Yahya ben Sa'id ben Meymoun à Douan Ramoun el-Kardoun (Ramon de Cardona),... chef de Naples. Mars 1511. En arabe

Three-Higgs-doublet model with A(4) symmetry

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aggressive behaviour of cherubism in a teenager: 4-years of clinical follow-up associated with radiographic and histological features

Cherubism is a rare hereditary fibro-osseous childhood disease characterized by bone degradation and fibrous tissue replacement at the angles of the mandible and at the tuberosity areas of the maxilla that leads to prominence of the lower face and an appearance reminiscent of the cherub's portrayal in Renaissance art. This disease has an autosomal dominant hereditary characteristic. The purpose of this report is to analyse laboratory tests, clinicopathological and radiographic features of cherubism and its intraoral manifestations in a patient during 4-years of follow-up, correlating the features observed in this case with those of the literature. Also discussed is the atypical and aggressive behaviour of this case during puberty.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 592 - Korrespondenzen mit Friedrich (Frederick) Pollock (p. VI 38A, 1-318)

2 Briefe von Frederick Pollock an Leo Löwenthal; 1 Brief von Alice H. Maier an Frederick Pollock, 23.05.1957; 6 Briefe zwischen Frederick Pollock und Emmy Henne; 1 Brief von Frederick Pollock an Lix Weil, 24.12.1957; 1 Brief von Frederick Pollock an Alice H. Maier, 05.12.1957; 4 Briefe von Frederick Pollock an Emmy Henne; 3 Briefe zwischen Frederick Pollock und Leo Löwenthal; 1 Brief von Jos. N. Minissale an Frederick Pollock, 03.07.1957;

Physical properties of 4 cores from the Bengal Fan

New stratigraphic and high-resolution seismic data from the Bengal Fan indicate that the world's largest fan shows active growth during the most recent sea-level rise and the recent highstand. This unique phenomenon contradicts common sequence-stratigraphic models, and the sediment preserved provides new insight into the sedimentological response of a fan system to sea-level rise, climatic terminations, and monsoon intensity during the past climatic cycle. We present a detailed dated sequence of turbidite sedimentation based on a core transect perpendicular to the active channel-levee system in the upper mid-fan area. Between the two major terminations 1a (12 800 14C yr B.P.) and 1b (9700 14C yr B.P.), and especially at the end of the Younger Dryas, a 13-km-wide channel built up levees 50 m high. With decreasing sediment supply, continued sea-level rise, and increasing monsoon intensity during the early Holocene, turbidity currents were confined to the channel and gradually filled it. The canyon "Swatch of No Ground," a shelf depocenter that serves as the source for frequent turbidity currents, and the channel-levee system provide the unique opportunity for studying an active highstand system. Many fans showed this behavior only during lowered sea-level.

Sporomorphs and quantitative analysis of the Eocene record from IODP Hole 318-U1356A

The early Eocene epoch was characterized by extreme global warmth, which in terrestrial settings was characterized by an expansion of near-tropical vegetation belts into the high latitudes. During the middle to late Eocene, global cooling caused the retreat of tropical vegetation to lower latitudes. In high-latitude settings, near-tropical vegetation was replaced by temperate floras. This floral change has recently been traced as far south as Antarctica, where along the Wilkes Land margin paratropical forests thrived during the early Eocene and temperate Nothofagus forests developed during the middle Eocene. Here we provide both qualitative and quantitative palynological data for this floral turnover based on a sporomorph record recovered at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1356 off the Wilkes Land margin. Following the nearest living relative concept and based on a comparison with modern vegetation types, we examine the structure and diversity patterns of the Eocene vegetation along the Wilkes Land margin. Our results indicate that the early Eocene forests along the Wilkes Land margin were characterized by a diverse canopy composed of plants that today occur in tropical settings; their richness pattern was similar to that of present-day forests from New Caledonia. The middle Eocene forests were characterized by a canopy dominated by Nothofagus and exhibited richness patterns similar to modern Nothofagus forests from New Zealand.