Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite no dia do controle e em 305 dias para primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Holandesa

Dados de 39.578 controles leiteiros de 3.766 primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Holandesa, ocorridas de 1994 a 2002, foram analisados com os objetivos de estimar parâmetros genéticos para as produções de leite no dia do controle (PLDC) e para a produção até 305 dias de lactação (P305) e comparar estes dois critérios de seleção. Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob modelo animal univariado ou bivariado. Para as PLDC, os modelos incluíram o efeito aleatório genético aditivo, o efeito fixo de grupo contemporâneo e, como covariáveis, a idade da vaca ao parto (efeitos linear e quadrático) e os dias em lactação (efeito linear). Para a P305, foi utilizado o mesmo modelo, substituindo dias em lactação por duração da lactação. Os grupos de contemporâneos foram formados por ano, mês do controle e rebanho (para as PLDC) e por ano, época do parto e rebanho (para a P305). As herdabilidades estimadas para a P305 foram de 0,27 e 0,25 para as análises univariadas e bivariadas, respectivamente. Para as PLDC, as herdabilidades variaram de 0,11 a 0,31. Para o modelo bivariado (pelo qual avaliaram-se simultaneamente P305 e as PLDC), as herdabilidades para os controles (PLDC) foram menores, variando de 0,08 a 0,25. As maiores estimativas ocorreram para as produções do 4º e 5º controles, correspondendo aos 2º e 3º meses de lactação. As correlações genéticas entre P305 e os controles individuais foram positivas e elevadas, variando de 0,83 a 1,00. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção direta para P305, como tradicionalmente realizada, implicaria maiores ganhos genéticos para a produção de leite (PL) na maioria dos controles quinzenais. Além disso, a seleção direta para as produções parciais poderia proporcionar ganhos correlacionados também para a P305, mas estes ganhos seriam menores que os obtidos via seleção direta.

Evaluación genética de búfalos de la raza Murrah para la producción de leche en el día de control y a los 305 días de lactancia

There were analyzed 4757 complete lactations of the Murrah breed, daughters of 187 bulls, with the goal of verifying the viability upon employing the test-day (PDLC), on substitution of the milk yield at 305th day of lactation (PL305), in the genetic evaluations. The components of variance for the PDLC1 to PDLC9 and for the PL305 were estimated in uni-traits analysis according to maximum restricted likelihood method. The used model included the genetic direct additive random effects, of residual and permanent environment. There were considered as fixed effects, the contemporary group and the number of milkings and the age of the cow at the moment of parity co-variable (quadratic and linear effect). The contemporary groups were constituted by the herd-year-month of control for the PDLC and by herd-year-epoch of parity for PL305. The estimates of heritability for the PDLC and PL305 were 0.12 to 0.23 and 0.22, respectively. The correlations of order of the predicted genetic values for the 187 bulls, obtained between the PDLC and the PL305, were from moderate to high, varying from 67.74 to 83.12. From the minimum selection of the 10% of the best bulls relating to the predicted genetic value for the PL305, the coincidence among the classification of these animals was over 68%, when evaluated by the PDLC3,PDLC4,PDLC5 and PDLC6. Upon selecting the 5% of the best animals that coincidence presented a lower value.

Genetic parameters for test-day milk yield, 305-day milk yield, and lactation length in Guzerat cows

Milk production in tropical environments requires the use of crossbreeding systems including breeds well adapted to harsh conditions, but with lower productivities when compared to specialized breeds. Besides the genetic improvement for milk production, lactation lengths also need to be studied for most of these breeds. Accordingly, genetic parameters were estimated for 305-day cumulative milk yield (MY305), test-day milk yield (TDMY), and lactation length (LL) using information from the first lactations of 2816 Guzerat cows selected for milk production in 28 herds in Brazil. Contemporary groups were defined as herd, year and season of the test for TDMY, and as herd, year and season of calving for MY305 and LL. Variance components were estimated with the restricted maximum likelihood method under a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilities estimated for TDMY ranged from 0.16 to 0.24, and were 0.24 and 0.12 for MY305 and LL, respectively. Genetic correlations were high and positive, ranging from 0.51 to 0.99 among TDMY records, from 0.81 to 0.98 between each TDMY and MY305, and from 0.71 to 0.94 between each TDMY and LL. Genetic parameters obtained in this study indicated the possibility of using test-day records for the prediction of breeding values for milk yield in this population of the Guzerat breed. The use of TDMY as selection criteria would result in indirect gains in MY305 and LL. However, the highest response to selection for MY305 would be obtained by direct selection for this trait. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Jornal da UNESP, 2014, ano XXVIII, n. 305

Jornal elaborado pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Common obesity risk alleles in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher rate of obesity than children without ADHD. Obesity risk alleles may overlap with those relevant for ADHD. We examined whether risk alleles for an increased body mass index (BMI) are associated with ADHD and related quantitative traits (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity). We screened 32 obesity risk alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ADHD based on 495 patients and 1,300 population-based controls and performed in silico analyses of the SNPs in an ADHD meta-analysis comprising 2,064 trios, 896 independent cases, and 2,455 controls. In the German sample rs206936 in the NUDT3 gene (nudix; nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif 3) was associated with ADHD risk (OR: 1.39; P = 3.4 × 10(-4) ; Pcorr  = 0.01). In the meta-analysis data we found rs6497416 in the intronic region of the GPRC5B gene (G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member B; P = 7.2 × 10(-4) ; Pcorr  = 0.02) as a risk allele for ADHD. GPRC5B belongs to the metabotropic glutamate receptor family, which has been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. In the German sample rs206936 (NUDT3) and rs10938397 in the glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2 gene (GNPDA2) were associated with inattention, whereas markers in the mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 gene (MAP2K5) and in the cell adhesion molecule 2 gene (CADM2) were associated with hyperactivity. In the meta-analysis data, MAP2K5 was associated with inattention, GPRC5B with hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention and CADM2 with hyperactivity/impulsivity. Our results justify further research on the elucidation of the common genetic background of ADHD and obesity.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 305 - Mitteilung an den Professor Hugo von Meltzl über seinen Umzug von Port-au-Prince nach Berlin

u.a.: Pensionierung; Verhandlung mit dem Stuttgarter Verlag W. Spemann wegen der geplanten Veröffentlichung zu Baron Münchhausen; Absatz des bei Brockhaus erschienenen Publikation des Schopenhauer-Nachlasses; Eduard Grisebach; W. Spemann;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 896 - Vorbereitung des postumen Geburtstags von Arthur Schopenhauer am 22. Februar

2 Seiten

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 305 - Brief von Leopold Sonnemann an Friedrich Stoltze

Karl Müller, Victoriatheater, Rom, Italien

Inc. oct. 305 - Doctrinale. P. 1.

Vorbesitzer: Dominikanerkloster Frankfurt am Main;

Nicole Loraux. Las experiencias de Tiresias. Lo femenino y el hombre griego. Buenos Aires, Biblos, 2003, 305 pp.

Fil: Alonso, Griselda Esther.