5,745 km DWDM transcontinental field trial using 10 Gbit/s dispersion managed solitons and dynamic gain equalization

Error free unregenerated transmission is demonstrated looped-back over 5,745 km (62 spans) of installed SSMF along the Adelaide-Perth leg of the IP1 Australia network, which is now the world's longest commercially deployed unregenerated 10 Gbit/s DWDM terrestrial transmission system. © 2000 Optical Society of America.

Uses of YouTube : digital literacy and the growth of knowledge

I invented YouTube. Well, not YouTube exactly, but something close – something called YIRN; and not by myself exactly, but with a team. In 2003-5 I led a research project designed to link geographically dispersed young people, to allow them to post their own photos, videos and music, and to comment on the same from various points of view – peer to peer, author to public, or impresario to audience. We wanted to find a way to take the individual creative productivity that is associated with the Internet and combine it with the easy accessibility and openness to other people’s imagination that is associated with broadcasting; especially, in the context of young people, listening to the radio. So we called it the Youth Internet Radio Network, or YIRN.

Suspected child abuse and neglect reporting behaviour

Executuve Summary Background and Aims Child abuse and neglect is a tragedy within our community, with over 10,000 substantiated reports of abuse and neglect in Queensland in the past year. The considerable consequences of child abuse and neglect are far-reaching, substantial and can be fatal. The reporting of suspicions of child abuse or neglect is often the first step in preventing further abuse or neglect. In the State of Queensland, medical practitioners are mandated by law to report their suspicions of child abuse and neglect. However, despite this mandate many still do not report their suspicions. A 1998 study indicated that 43% of medical practitioners had, at some time, made a conscious decision to not report suspected abuse or neglect (Van Haeringen, Dadds & Armstrong, 1998). The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of beliefs about reporting suspected child abuse and neglect and the barriers to reporting suspected abuse and neglect by medical practitioners and parents and students. The findings have the potential to inform the training and education of members of the community who have a shared responsibility to protect the wellbeing of its most vulnerable members. Method In one of the largest studies of reporting behaviour in relation to suspected child abuse and neglect in Australia, we examined and compared medical practitioners’ responses with members of the community, namely parents and students. We surveyed 91 medical practitioners and 214 members of the community (102 parents and 112 students) regarding their beliefs and reporting behaviour related to suspected child abuse and neglect. We also examined reasons for not reporting suspected abuse or neglect, as well as awareness of responsibilities and the appropriate reporting procedures. To obtain such information, participants anonymously completed a comprehensive questionnaire using items from previous studies of reporting attitudes and behaviour. Executive Summary Abused Child Trust Report August 2003 5 Findings Key findings include: • The majority of medical practitioners (97%) were aware of their duty to report suspected abuse and neglect and believed they had a professional and ethical duty to do so. • A majority of parents (82%) and students (68%) also believed that they had a professional and ethical duty to report suspected abuse and neglect. • In accord with their statutory duty to report suspected abuse and neglect, 69% of medical practitioners had made a report at some point. • Sixteen percent of parents and 9% of students surveyed indicated that they had reported their suspicions of neglect and abuse. • The most endorsed belief associated with not reporting suspected child abuse and neglect was that, ‘unpleasant events would follow reporting’. • Over a quarter of medical practitioners (26%) admitted to making a decision not to report their suspicions of child abuse or neglect on at least one occasion. • Compared with previous research, there has been a decline in the number of medical practitioners who decided not to report suspected abuse or neglect from 43% (Van Haeringen et al., 1998) to 26% in the current study. • Fourteen percent of parents and 15% of students surveyed had also chosen not to report a case of suspected abuse or neglect. • Attitudes that most strongly influenced the decision to report or not report suspected abuse or neglect differed between groups (medical practitioners, parents, or students). A belief that, ‘the abuse was a single incident’ was the best predictor of non-reporting by medical practitioners, while having ‘no time to follow-up the report’ or failing to be ‘convinced of evidence of abuse’ best predicted failure to report abuse by students. A range of beliefs predicted non-reporting by parents, including the beliefs that reporting suspected abuse was ‘not their responsibility’ and ‘knowing the child had retracted their statement’. Conclusions Of major concern is that approximately 25% of medical practitioners with a mandated responsibility to report, as well as some members of the general public, revealed that they have suspected child neglect or abuse but have made the decision not to report their suspicions. Parents and students perceived the general community as having responsibility for reporting suspicions of abuse or neglect. Despite this perception, they felt that lodging a report may be overly demanding in terms of time and they had the confidence in their ability to identify child abuse and neglect. An explanation for medical practitioners deciding not to report may be based upon their optimistic belief that suspected abuse or neglect was a single incident. Our findings may best be understood from the ‘inflation of optimism’ hypothesis put forward by the Nobel Laureate, Daniel Kahneman. He suggests that in spite of rational evidence, human beings tend to make judgements based on an optimistic view rather than engaging in a rational decision-making process. In this case, despite past behaviour of abuse or neglect being the best predictor of future behaviour, medical practitioners have taken an optimistic view, choosing to believe that their suspicion of child abuse or neglect represents a single incident. The clear implication of findings in the current research is the need for the members of the general community and medical practitioners to be better appraised of the consequences of their decision-making in relation to suspicionsof child abuse and neglect. Finally findings from parents and students relating to their reporting behaviour suggest that members of the larger community represent an untapped resourcewho might, with appropriate awareness, play a more significant role in theidentification and reporting of suspected child abuse and neglect.

SARS流行预测分析

表面上突如其来的SARS本质上却有极规律的内在发展演化机制,遵从初始缓慢增长、加速、减速和稳定终止四个阶段总体道路,自然和社会生活领域众多事件演化都符合这一规律,因而可以运用广义的Logistic生长模型进行描述.基于先期流行的广东SARS感染病例数据,以及尚未结束的北京、全国2003年SARS流行统计数据,借助于最优化分析技术,运用广义的Logistic生长模型对该事件演化特征参量进行了辨识;在此基础上,又借助于广义生长模型的特例--Gompertz函数进行了演化过程的预测,并与其他生长模型结果进行了比较.研究表明,生长模型模拟结果均与实际数据有很好的一致性,可以用来预测事件的发生演化过程,此次SARS事件堪称生长模型的经典实例.

高寒草甸小气候考察研究

文章介绍了海北高寒草甸试验区的野外考察现场和考察情况，并对青海海北高寒草甸矮嵩矮嵩草草甸试验区的小气候考察结果进行了讨论，结果表明：高寒草甸地区具有明显高寒大陆性气候特征，日较差大，日照时间长，地表强度具明显的周期变化，太阳辐射强烈，全年总辐射量5.866～6.704*10~6KJ/m~2，但较湿润，可为研究高寒草甸小气候特点、局地生态环境和指导生产实践提供科学依据。

蛋白质芯片技术及生物医学应用

蛋白质芯片技术是一种新型蛋白质分析技术。文章介绍了研究它的目的和意义，重点介绍它的研制过程和研究内容以及生物医学应用。

Effect of Work of Adhesion on Nanoindentation

Three adhesion contact models, JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts), DMT (Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov) and MD (Maugis-Dugdale) are compared with the Hertz model in dealing with the nano-contact problems. It has been shown that the dimensionless load parameter, $\bar{P}=P/(\pi\Delta\gamma R)$, and the transition parameter, $\Lambda$, have significant influences on the contact stiffness (contact area) at micro/nano-scale and should not be ignored in shallow nanoindentation.

超燃冲压模型发动机实验设备与实验技术

超燃冲压发动机是高超声速飞行器的先进的动力系统，在基础研究和工程应用方面都具有重大意义。其实验设备的建设与实验技术的积累是一个国家在航空航天领域综合实力的体现。本文综述了国外超燃冲压发动机地面实验设备的发展情况，介绍了我国用于超燃冲压模型发动机；实验的高超声速推进实验装置及其关键组成部分的设计思想、研制方法和调试结果。马赫数5.8，总压5MPa，总温2000K，总流量4.5kg/s的设备运行参数为超燃冲压模型发动机的研究提供了必要的实验条件。

胜利油田采出水处理技术的现状与发展

在深入调查油田现场实际情况的基础上,对胜利油田采出水处理技术的现状做了详细的论述。针对现有采出水处理工艺技术尚存在一定的局限性和许多不足之处,提出了胜利油田今后应在加强工艺技术完善配套研究、加强电絮凝技术攻关研究、进行高效过滤技术攻关研究、加强污泥回收利用技术和防腐技术研究等方面进一步开展工作。