Calcium carbonate global LGM Burial rate data

Global databases of calcium carbonate concentrations and mass accumulation rates in Holocene and last glacial maximum sediments were used to estimate the deep-sea sedimentary calcium carbonate burial rate during these two time intervals. Sparse calcite mass accumulation rate data were extrapolated across regions of varying calcium carbonate concentration using a gridded map of calcium carbonate concentrations and the assumption that accumulation of noncarbonate material is uncorrelated with calcite concentration within some geographical region. Mean noncarbonate accumulation rates were estimated within each of nine regions, determined by the distribution and nature of the accumulation rate data. For core-top sediments the regions of reasonable data coverage encompass 67% of the high-calcite (>75%) sediments globally, and within these regions we estimate an accumulation rate of 55.9 ± 3.6 x 10**11 mol/yr. The same regions cover 48% of glacial high-CaCO3 sediments (the smaller fraction is due to a shift of calcite deposition to the poorly sampled South Pacific) and total 44.1 ± 6.0 x 10**11 mol/yr. Projecting both estimates to 100 % coverage yields accumulation estimates of 8.3 x 10**12 mol/yr today and 9.2 x 10**12 mol/yr during glacial time. This is little better than a guess given the incomplete data coverage, but it suggests that glacial deep sea calcite burial rate was probably not considerably faster than today in spite of a presumed decrease in shallow water burial during glacial time.

Attachment Style in Adults who Failed to Thrive as Children: Outcomes of a 20 Year Follow-up Study of Factors Influencing Maintenance or Change in Attachment Style

A group of children identified as non-organic failure-to-thrive between 1977 and 1980 were investigated, assessed and provided with social work intervention and treatment. Those children and their families have been followed up for the last 20 years. The current paper examines the stability of an internal working model in a sample of individuals who had failed to thrive as children, by comparing each individual's adult attachment style with their childhood attachment to their mother. In this sample, several cases showed changes from insecure to secure attachment styles. Possible reasons are discussed for positive and negative changes, as well as cases when there was no change in attachment style. These include the effectiveness of intervention in addition to changes in life circumstances. The findings suggest that when appropriate support and intervention is provided, or when different circumstances or relationships are experienced, internal working models can change.

Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia. 20 (SOLO LIBROS/Reseñas)

PRESENTA LAS RESEÑAS DE LOS SIGUIENTES LIBROS: GERMÁN CARRERA DAMAS, EDIT., HISTORIA DE AMÉRICA ANDINA. CRISIS DEL RÉGIMEN COLONIAL E INDEPENDENCIA, VOL. 4, UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA SIMÓN BOLÍVAR, SEDE ECUADOR/LIBRESA, QUITO, 2003, 434 PP. -- CECILIA PEÑAHERRERA, COMP., CONTANDO HISTORIA: GUALLUPE, OFICINA REGIONAL IBARRA DEL FONDO ECUATORIANO POPULORUM PROGRESSIO, SAN JUAN DE LACHAS, 2001, 158 PP. -- ROCÍO RUEDA NOVOA, ZAMBAJE y AUTONOMÍA. HISTORIA DE LA GENTE NEGRA DE LA PROVINCIA DE ESMERALDAS. SIGLOS XVI-XVIII, COLECCIÓN MAREJADA, No. 1, MUNICIPALIDAD DE ESMERALDAS/TEHIS/ ABYA-YALA, QUITO, 2001, 195 PP.

Human adrenal corticocarcinoma NCI-H295R cells produce more androgens than NCI-H295A cells and differ in 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 17,20 lyase activities

The human adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in a species-specific, hormonally regulated, zone-specific, and developmentally characteristic fashion. Most molecular studies of adrenal steroidogenesis use human adrenocortical NCI-H295A and NCI-H295R cells as a model because appropriate animal models do not exist. NCI-H295A and NCI-H295R cells originate from the same adrenocortical carcinoma which produced predominantly androgens but also smaller amounts of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Research data obtained from either NCI-H295A or NCI-H295R cells are generally compared, although for the same experiments no direct comparison between the two cell lines has been performed. Therefore, we compared the steroid profile and the expression pattern of important genes involved in steroidogenesis in both cell lines. We found that steroidogenesis differs profoundly. NCI-H295A cells produce more mineralocorticoids, whereas NCI-H295R cells produce more androgens. Expression of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2), cytochrome b5, and sulfonyltransferase genes is higher in NCI-H295A cells, whereas expression of the cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17), 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), and P450 oxidoreductase genes does not differ between the cell lines. We found lower 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 but higher 17,20-lyase activity in NCI-H295R cells explaining the 'androgenic' steroid profile for these cells and resembling the zona reticularis of the human adrenal cortex. Both cell lines were found to express the ACTH receptor at low levels consistent with low stimulation by ACTH. By contrast, both cell lines were readily stimulated by 8Br-cAMP. The angiotensin type 1 receptor was highly expressed in NCI-H295R than NCI-H295A cells and angiotensin II stimulated steroidogenesis in NCI-H295R but not NCI-H295A cells. Our data suggest that comparative studies between NCI-H295A and NCI-H295R cells may help find important regulators of mineralocorticoid or androgen biosynthesis.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 616 - Vorbereitungsunterlagen zu "Materialismus", "Geschichtsphilosophie" und anderen Themen (p. VIII 15-VIII 20.2)

"Über Lenin, 'Materialismus und Empiriokritizismus" (GS 11, S. 171-188), Wintersemester 1928/29, a) Typoskript, 17 Blatt, b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 17 Blatt (unterzeichnet mit "H. Möller (Berlin)", c) Manuskript, 1 Heft, 18 Blatt, davon 3 leer, d) Entwurf, Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen, 11 Blatt; Friedrich Pollock: Kollegheft zum Seminar von Max Horkheimer über Geschichtsphilosophie, Wintersemester 1928/29 (enthält: Kollegheft 23.11.1928 - 15.02.1929, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Heft, 16 Blatt und 4 zusätzliche Blätter; Kolegheft 22.02.1929, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Heft, 16 Blatt, davon 9 leer); Friedrich Pollock: Notizen zu einem Vortrag von Hans Cornelius über 'Klassenphilosophie und reine Philosophie', und Mitschrift von Diskussionsbeiträgen , u.a. von Max Horkheimer, 26.01.1929, eigenhändige Notizen, 1 Heft, 12 Blatt und 1 zusätzliches Blatt sowie eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer; "Kant und die Philosophie der Gegenwart", Vorlesung 1929 (enthält: Vorlesungsmanuskript und Friedrich Pollock: Kolleghefte zur Vorlesung, eigenhändige Notizen); "Hegel", Übung Sommersemester 1929 (enthält: 1 Notizheft, 28 Blatt mit eigenhändigen Notizen zur Übung, 5 Blatt und eigenhändigen Notizen über Vorgeschichte und Anfänge der Soziologie, 5 Blatt; Friedrich Pollock: eigenhändige Notizen zur Übung von Max Horkheimer, 1 Heft, 28 Blatt, davon 4 leer, und 3 zusätzliche Blätter); "Wissensoziologie oder Historischer Materialismus" Einleitung: Soziologie der Soziologie" (GS 11, S. 189-195), Wintersemester 1929/30 (enthält: Manuskript, teils von Max Horkheimer, teils von Friedrich Polock, datiert: 10.09.1929, 1 Heft, 10 Blatt und 2 zusätzliche Blätter; Manuskript, datiert Wintersemester 1929/30, 1 Heft, 4 Blatt, davon 1 leer);