苔藓动物线粒体基因组的测定及系统发生分析

苔藓动物为一类底栖、滤食性、营附着生活的小型水生群体动物。苔藓动物作为重要的海洋无脊椎动物，在生态上具有重要意义，同时在生物活性物质分离等方面也有重要的应用价值。然而目前对于苔藓动物门的分子系统发生研究还相对较少，对于本门的进化地位尚存在许多争议。本门在后生动物中的进化地位尚未得到确定，它同腕足动物门、帚虫动物门、内肛动物门间的进化关系仍然悬而未决，门内部的系统发生关系也未达成一致。 本研究采用Long-PCR技术扩增了管孔目苔虫扇形管孔苔虫（Tubulipora flabellaris）和唇口目苔虫颈链血苔虫（Watersipora subtorquata）的线粒体基因组，然后利用DNA文库构建结合引物步移的策略获得了它们的线粒体基因组序列。结果显示它们的线粒体基因组具有一些显著的特点：1. T. flabellaris与W. subtorquata线粒体基因组全长分别为13,763 bp和14,144 bp，与其它后生动物相比较小；2. 两个基因组的最大的非编码区都较小，分别为230 bp和100 bp；3. 两个基因组都编码36个基因，包括12个蛋白质编码基因、2个核糖体RNA基因和22个转运RNA基因。与典型的动物线粒体基因组相比，它们都缺失了atp8基因；4. 通过对基因排列顺序的比较分析发现，T. flabellaris与W. subtorquata的线粒体基因组基因排列顺序与其它后生动物显著不同，相同的基因块（不包括转运RNA基因）最长分别为4个和3个基因。目前已知的四个苔藓动物线粒体基因组的基因排列顺序也非常不同，说明苔藓动物的线粒体基因组经历了大规模的基因重排过程。 为了探讨苔藓动物门的进化地位，基于26个后生动物线粒体基因组的11个蛋白质编码基因（不包括atp6和atp8）的氨基酸序列，分别采用最大似然法与贝叶斯法构建分子系统发生树。本研究的结果支持冠轮动物为单系群，触手冠动物位于冠轮动物内部。结果显示毛颚动物与苔藓动物亲缘关系接近，然而这需要更多的证据的支持。最大似然法与贝叶斯分析的结果都支持触手冠动物为多系群，却不支持腕足动物门与帚虫动物门亲缘关系接近构成一个单系群的观点。

Heures.

Heures à l'usage de Metz

Changes in exposure to 'life stressors' in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, 2002 to 2008

The Negative Life Events Scale (NLES) has been included in nationally representative surveys of the Indigenous and Australian population since 2002 as a measure of exposure to a range of 'life stressors'. There has been limited reporting or analysis of estimates of the NLES from these surveys. This paper reports changes in exposure to stressors from 2002 to 2008 for the Indigenous population, and examines inter-relationships between eleven NLES items. Data for the 2006 Australian population is also included for comparative purposes.

Overexpression of UCP1 in tobacco induces mitochondrial biogenesis and amplifies a broad stress response

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efficacy of a dilemma-focused intervention for unipolar depression: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity, disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden. Despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments, most of the cases evolve with only partial remission, relapse and recurrence.Cognitive models have contributed significantly to the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment. However, success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them. One of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence. Our research group has been working on the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemmas according to personal construct theory. We use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique (RGT). Preliminary results with depressive patients show that about 90% of them have one or more of those conflicts. This fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients, especially the more severe and/or chronic. These results justify the need for specific interventions focused on the resolution of these internal conflicts. This study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma(s) specifically detected for each patient will enhance the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. DESIGN: A therapy manual for a dilemma-focused intervention will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions: combined group CBT (eight, 2-hour weekly sessions) plus individual dilemma-focused therapy (eight, 1-hour weekly sessions) and CBT alone (eight, 2-hour group weekly sessions plus eight, 1-hour individual weekly sessions). METHOD: Participants are patients aged over 18 years meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder, with a score of 19 or above on the Beck depression inventory, second edition (BDI-II) and presenting at least one cognitive conflict (implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct) as assessed using the RGT. The BDI-II is the primary outcome measure, collected at baseline, at the end of therapy, and at 3- and 12-month follow-up; other secondary measures are also used. DISCUSSION: We expect that adding a dilemma-focused intervention to CBT will increase the efficacy of one of the more prestigious therapies for depression, thus resulting in a significant contribution to the psychological treatment of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN92443999; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01542957.

LE || TIERS LIVRE || Des Faicts et Dicts || Heroïques du bon Pantagruel : || Composé par M. Fran. || Rabelais docteur || en Medi- || cine. || Reueu, & corrigé par l'Autheur, sus || la censure antique. || L'Autheur susdict || supplie les Lecteurs beneuoles, soy || reseruer a rire au soixante || & dixhuytiesme || Liure. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. Il Auec priuilege du Roy. In-8 de 160 f. inexactement chiffr. (le dernier coté 170), 3 f. non chiffr. et 1 f. blanc. — LE || QVART LIVRE || des faicts et || dicts Heroiques du bon || Pantagruel. || Composé par M. François Rabelais || docteur en Medicine. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. || Auec priuilege du Roy. — [A la fin de la Table :] Acheué d'imprimer le XXVIII. de || Ianuier M.D.LII [1552]. In-8 de 19 f. non chiffr., 144 f. chiffr. et 14 f. non chiffr. — Ensemble 2 vol. in-8, mar. citr., fil., dos ornés, tr. dor. (Anc. rel.). Rothschild 1514 (2)

Rabelais (François). Tiers Livre (1552)