Hydrocarbon gases in Tertiary and Quaternary sediments offshore Peru

Hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, n-butane, ethene, and propene) are present in Tertiary and Quaternary shelf, upper-slope, and lower-slope deposits of the Peruvian continental margin. Methane dominates the composition of the hydrocarbon gas at all 10 sites examined during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112. Generation of methane is regulated by the amount of sulfate in pore water. Wherever sulfate concentrations approach or equal zero, methane concentrations increase rapidly, reaching values near 100,000 µL/L of wet sediment at eight of the 10 sites. Methane at all 10 sites results from methanogenesis, which is inhibited where sulfate is present and microbial reduction of sulfate occurs. Hydrocarbon gases heavier than methane also are present, but at much lower concentrations than methane. These hydrocarbons are thought to result from early thermal and microbial diagenesis, based on relative gas compositions and trends of concentrations with depth. With few exceptions, the results obtained in the shipboard and shore-based laboratories are comparable for methane and ethane in sediments of Leg 112. Reanalyses of canned sediments from ODP Leg 104 and from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Legs 76 and 84 show that gas samples can be stored for as long as 8 yr, but the amounts of individual hydrocarbon gases retained vary. Nevertheless, the trends of the data sets with depth are similar for fresh and stored samples.

Characterization of sorbed volatile hydrocarbons from the Peru margin

Bacterial and thermogenic hydrocarbons are present in the sorbed-gas fraction of Peru margin sediments. At Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 681, 682, 684, and 686, bacterial gases are restricted to the early diagenetic zones, where dissolved sulfate has been exhausted and methanogenesis occurs. Methane migrating into the sulfate zone at Sites 681, 684, 686, and possibly 682, has been consumed anaerobically by methanotrophs, maintaining the low concentrations and causing an isotope shift in d13C(CH4) to more positive values. Significant amounts of C2+ hydrocarbons occur at the shelf Sites 680/681, 684, and 686/687, where these hydrocarbons may be associated with hypersaline fluids. There is evidence at Site 679 that sorbed C2+ hydrocarbons may also have been transported by hypersaline fluids. This characteristic C2+ hydrocarbon signature in the sorbed-gas fractions of sediments at Site 679 is not reflected in data obtained using the conventional "free-," "canned-," or "headspace-gas" procedures. The molecular and isotope compositions of the sorbed-gas fraction indicate that this gas may have a thermogenic source and may have spilled over with the hypersaline fluids from the Salaverry Basin into the Lima Basin. These traces of thermogenic hydrocarbon gases are over-mature (about 1.5% Ro) and are discordant with the less-mature sediments in which they are found. This observation supports the migration of these hydrocarbons, possibly from continental sources. Sorbed-gas analyses may provide important geochemical information, in addition to that of the free-gases. Sorbed-gases are less sensitive to activities in the interstitial fluids, such as methanogenesis and methanotrophy, and may faithfully record the migration of hydrocarbons associated with hypersaline fluids.

Accumulation rates and composition of organic matter in sediments off Peru

Deep-sea sediment samples from three Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112 sites on the Peru continental margin were investigated, using a number of organic geochemical and organic petrographic techniques, for amounts and compositions of the organic matter preserved. Preliminary results include mass accumulation rates of organic carbon at Site 679 and characteristics of the organic facies for sediments from Sites 679, 681, and 684. Organic-carbon contents are high, with few exceptions. Particularly high values were determined in the Pliocene interval at Site 684 (4%-7.5%) and in the early Pliocene to Quaternary section of Hole 679D (2%-9%). Older sediments at this site have distinctively lower organic-carbon contents (0.2%-2.5%). Mass accumulation rates of organic matter at Site 679 are 0.02 to 0.07 g carbon/cm**2/k.y. for late Miocene to early Pliocene sediments and higher by a factor of 5 to 10 in the Quaternary sediments. The organic matter in all samples has a predominantly marine planktonic and bacterial origin, with minor terrigenous contribution. Organic particle sizes are strikingly small, so that only a minor portion is covered by visual maceral analysis. Molecular organic-geochemical data were obtained for nonaromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons (including sulfur compounds), alcohols, ketones, esters, and carboxylic acids. Among the total extractable lipids, long-chain unsaturated ketones from Prymnesiophyte algae strongly predominate among the gas chromatography (GC) amenable components. Steroids are major constituents of the ketone and free- and bound-alcohol fractions. Perylene is the most abundant aromatic hydrocarbon, whereas in the nonaromatic hydrocarbon fractions, long-chain n-alkanes from higher land plants predominate, although the total terrigenous organic matter proportion in the sediments is small.

(Table 1) Rates of biological activity in deep-sea sediments

Global maps of sulfate and methane in marine sediments reveal two provinces of subsurface metabolic activity: a sulfate-rich open-ocean province, and an ocean-margin province where sulfate is limited to shallow sediments. Methane is produced in both regions but is abundant only in sulfate-depleted sediments. Metabolic activity is greatest in narrow zones of sulfate-reducing methane oxidation along ocean margins. The metabolic rates of subseafloor life are orders of magnitude lower than those of life on Earth's surface. Most microorganisms in subseafloor sediments are either inactive or adapted for extraordinarily low metabolic activity.

Sapientia, 1974, Vol. XXIX, nº 112 (número completo)

Contenido: Le príncipe d’idetité chez Saint Thomas / R. Verneaux – Unidad de ser y analogía en Santo Tomás de Aquino / Cesáreo López Salgado – St. Thomas’ solution of the problema of faith and reason / A. G. M. Van Melsen – Necesidad de la directa confrontación de textos / Carlos A. Iturralde Colombres – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 112]

Os constituintes evangélicos discutem o novo projeto constitucional e querem suas propostas aprovadas na nova Carta. Manoel Moreira (PMDB-SP) almeja uma Constituição que respeite os direitos dos brasileiros e que acabe com a impunidade generalizada no país. As questões que mais preocupam esse grupo são: família, aborto, o casamento e a liberdade de culto. Salatiel Carvalho (PFL-PE) não concorda com alguns pontos aprovados na Comissão das Garantias tais como os direitos e garantias aos homossexuais e a questão do aborto. Na sessão O Povo Pergunta, cidadão pede atenção para a saúde do nordestino. Inocêncio Oliveira (PFL-PE) responde que a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) precisa definir uma lei que proporcione o acesso de todos a rede pública de saúde e melhore a distribuição de renda. A Comissão de Sistematização prevê que os recursos públicos serão destinados para escolas públicas, comunitárias, filantrópicas e confessionais. Agripino Lima (PFL-SP) considera que as verbas públicas devem ser destinadas as escolas públicas, voltadas ao ensino fundamental. Ubiratan Aguiar (PMDB-CE) diz que os recursos são insuficientes e que a educação pública não pode dispersar suas verbas para as escolas particulares. Átila Lira (PFL-PI) acredita no avanço da educação pública e de melhores condições de trabalho para o professor.

Lei nº 8.112/90 [gravação de som] : Lei nº 8112, de dezembro de 1990, que dispõe sobre o regime jurídico dos servidores públicos civis da União, das autarquias e das fundações públicas federais

Apresenta a Lei n. 8112, de dezembro de 1990, que dispõe sobre o regime jurídico dos servidores públicos civis da União, das autarquias e das fundações públicas federais.

Lei nº 8.112/90 : Lei nº 8112, de 11 de dezembro de 1990, que dispõe sobre o regime jurídico dos servidores públicos civis da União, das autarquias e das fundações públicas federais, e legislação correlata

Atualizada até 31/8/2016.

El derecho de información del socio en la S.A. y en la S.R.L. Arts. 112 LSA y 51 LSRL

Este árticulo explica que el derecho de la información es uno de los denominados derechos individuales del accionista o socio, que se deriva de la titularidad de acciones o participaciones, derecho fundamental e inherente a la condición de socio, e inderogable, que se ostenta por normas imperativas que reconocen dicho derecho. Contribuye a un mayor control y participación del socio en la marcha de la sociedad ya que trata de facilitar a los socios un conocimiento directo sobre la situación y gestión social constituyendo, por tanto, uno de los más importantes derechos del mismo.

Welt-Fischereierträge 1995: 112,9 Mio. Tonnen

Total world fishery production 1995, including aquaculture, of fish, shellfish, frogs and turtles – reached a new record of 112.9 million tones live weight. Marine fishery had a share of 91,9 million tonnes (+ 0.4) and freshwater fishery 21.0 million tonnes (+ 2.0). Not included in these figures are seals, whales, crocodiles and algae. Marine mammals and crocodiles are listed by number of killed individuals, and not given by weight. Algae alone represent a biomass of 7.1 million tonnes, but are not included by the FAO in the nominal „total production of the world“ either. About two thirds of the marine fishery harvest was used for human consumption, one third for industrial purposes – mainly production of fish meal and fish oil.

Diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación de 112 de nueva generación

[ES]Este proyecto trata acerca de diseñar y desarrollar una nueva aplicación de 112 de nueva generación. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de todas las alternativas posibles y se establece como objetivo la creación de una aplicación que se base en las redes de nueva generación, más conocidas como NGN. Esta aplicación se conectará con los servicios de emergencia (ambulancias, bomberos, policía…), proporcionando la localización del usuario y, en base a ello, contactar con el servicio más cercano posible. Además, se trata de comprobar si las nuevas tecnologías emergentes pueden ser utilizadas cualquier otro fin.

Respiration and the efficiency of energy during embryonic development of Asellus aquaticus L. (Crustacea) [Translation from: Vestsi Akademii Navuk Belorusskoi SSR, Seriya Biyal. 1978(5) 112-114, 1978]

Experimental studies were carried out on the transformation of matter and energy during embryonic development of the isopod Crustacea Asellus aquaticus L. under two constant temperatures. Material for the experiments was collected in the quarry lakes of the Kurasovshchin-zone (city-Minsk) at 9°C in April and at 18°C in June, 1977. The rate of consumption of oxygen per specimen by eggs and embryos of Asellus aquaticus was observed and dynamics of the basic biological characteristics during embryonic development studied.

Kinetics of dissociative water adsorption on stepped Si(001), on Si(115), Si(113), Si(5,5,12) and Si(112)

We present photoelectron spectroscopic and low energy electron diffraction measurements of water adsorption on flat Si samples of the orientations (001), (115), (113), (5,5,12) and (112) as well as on curved samples covering continuously the ranges (001)-(117) and (113)-(5,5,12)-(112). On all orientations, water adsorption is dissociative (OH and H) and non-destructive. On Si(001) the sticking coefficient S and the saturation coverage Theta(sat) are largest. On Si(001) and for small miscuts in the [110]-azimuth, S is constant nearly up to saturation which proves that the kinetics involves a weakly bound mobile precursor state. For (001)-vicinals with high miscut angles (9-13 degrees), the step structure breaks down, the precursor mobility is affected and the adsorption kinetics changed. On (115), (113), (5,5,12) and (112), the values of S and Theta(sat) are smaller which indicates that not all sites are able to dissociate and bind water. For (113) the shape of the adsorption curves Theta versus exposure shows the existence of two adsorption processes, one with mobile precursor kinetics and one with Langmuir-like kinetics. On (5,5,12), two processes with mobile precursor kinetics are observed which are ascribed to adsorption on different surface regions within the large surface unit cell. From the corresponding values of S and Theta(sat), data for structure models are deduced. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Electron diffraction and photoemission studies of clean and water-covered Si(5,5,12) and Si(112) surfaces

The structure of silicon surfaces in the orientation range (113)-(5,5,12)-(337)-(112) has been investigated using high resolution LEED and photoemission both on a spherical and on flat samples. We find that Si(5,5,12) [5.3 degrees from (113) and 0.7 degrees from (937)] is the only stable orientation between (113) and (111) and confirm the result of Baski et al. [Science 269, 1556 (1995)] that it has a 2 x 1 superstructure with a very large unit cell of 7.68 x 53.5 Angstrom(2). Adsorption measurements of water on Si(5,5,12) yield a mobile precursor kinetics with two kinds of regions saturating at 0.25 and 0.15 ML which are related to adsorption on different sites. Using these results, a modified structure model is proposed. Surfaces between (113) and (5,5,12) separate into facets of these two orientations; between (5,5,12) and (112), they separate into (5,5,12) and (111) facets. (337) facets in this range may be considered as defective (5,5,12) facets.