银鲫卵黄原的诱导、分离纯化及其生化鉴定

以雄性银鲫为实验材料 ,通过雌二醇 (Estradiol- 1 7β,E2 )的多次诱导 ,使得 E2 诱导产物成为血清中的主要蛋白。而后 ,在快速蛋白液相色谱 (FPL C)系统上 ,利用高交换量的阴离子交换层析 Q柱 ,成功的从血清中提纯了与雌性特异蛋白相一致的 E2 诱导产物。糖、磷、脂蛋白分析表明 ,它是一类糖磷脂蛋白大分子。同时 ,它能被 Mg2 + - Ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid(Mg2 + - EDTA)部分沉淀 ,这进一步证明 ,与雌性特异蛋白相一致的

Boron isotopic fractionation during seawater evaporation

IEECAS SKLLQG

Strong temperature dependence and no moss photosynthesis in winter CO2 flux for a Kobresia meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

We examined the CO2 exchange of a Kobresia meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau using a chamber system. CO2 efflux from the ecosystem was strongly dependence on soil surface temperature. The COZ efflux-temperature relationship was identical under both light and dark conditions, indicating that no photosynthesis could be detected under light conditions during the measurement period. The temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) of the COZ efflux showed a marked transition around -1.0 degrees C; Q(10) was 2.14 at soil surface temperatures above and equal to -1.0 degrees C but was 15.3 at temperatures below -1.0 degrees C. Our findings suggest that soil surface temperature was the major factor controlling winter COZ flux for the alpine meadow ecosystem and that freeze-thaw cycles at the soil surface layer play an important role in the temperature dependence of winter CO2 flux. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

控制热力学条件下的矿物、岩石电学性质研究

电导率是重要的地球物理参数。模拟地球内部条件下的矿物、岩石电导率测量是了解地球内部物质组成及物理化学性质的有效手段，同时，还可以为野外大地电磁测量结果的解释提供依据。在YJ-紧装式六面顶压机上，对原有的矿物、岩石电性测量系统进行了进一步的改进；建立了一套以Solartron 1260阻抗／增益一相位分析仪为测试仪器，使用Mo电极和Mo盾来控制样品氧逸度的测量系统，该系统的氧逸度环境为Mo-MoO2，接近Iw缓冲对。石英（人造水晶）、橄榄石、纯橄榄岩、辉石岩、二辉橄榄岩、巨晶辉石的电导率测量是在新的测量系统下获得的，而辉长岩的电导率测量是基于LCR仪为测量仪器的测试系统下获得的。在压力为1-3GPa、温度为675K-160OK、频率为106-0.1Hz、氧逸度为Mo-MoO2的条件下，对不同方向石英（人造水晶）的电学性质进行了研究。复阻抗平面上出现了反映样品本身性质的阻抗弧和反映样品与电极之间扩散的直线。石英的电导率随温度增加而增加，随压力的变化比较微弱。石英的导电机制主要为离子导电，载流子可能为碱金属离子和氢离子，这些碱金属离子和氢离子主要在平行于光轴的通道中运动。在相同的温度和压力条件下，a石英的电导率和c轴的夹角有关，石英的电导率随着夹角的增大而减小，表现出了强烈的各向异性。对“各个方向石英在发生了相变前后的电导率进行了研究，发现Q石英转变为p石英后，电导率并没有突变，仍然随着温度的增加而增加。在压力为1-2GP。、温度为563-1173K、频率为12-105Hz的条件下研究了辉长岩的阻抗。结果发现辉长岩复阻抗的实部随频率的增加而减小，而虚部随频率增加先增大后减小；相角随频率增加而减小。在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部的阻抗弧，该阻抗弧出现在高频段。实验室获得辉长岩在地壳的压力和温度（1.0GP。和893K）条件下的电导率值为1.77×-4S／m，而高导层的电导率值为0-01-0-15S／m，二者相差了2-3个数量级，推断辉长岩不能在下地壳形成高导层。在压力为3.0GPa、温度为1299-1600K、频率为106-0.1Hz、氧逸度为Mo-MoO2条件下，对不同颗粒粒度的橄榄石电导率进行了测量。在复阻抗平面上均出现了反映颗粒内部电响应的阻抗弧，这些阻抗弧随着温度的增加而减小。而反映颗粒边界导电机制的阻抗弧并不明显，两种阻抗弧出现在不同的频率范围内，反映颗粒内部导电机制的阻抗弧出现在频率较高的范围内，而反映颗粒边界导电机制的阻抗弧出现在频率相对低的范围内。不同粒度橄榄石在3.0GPa条件下的电导率随着温度的增加而增加，它们的激化烩介于1.03-2.11ev之间。在压力为1-3GPa、温度为1282-1544K、频率为0.1-106Hz、氧逸度为MO-MoO2的条件下，对纯橄榄岩的电导率进行了测量。在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部电响应和颗粒边界电响应的阻抗弧。反映颗粒内部导电的阻抗弧出现在较高的频率段，随着温度的增加，这些阻抗弧逐渐收缩。颗粒边界的阻抗弧出现在相对低的频率段。纯橄榄岩的电导率随着温度增加而增加，随压力变化比较微弱。对颗粒边界的电导率研究表明，颗粒边界的电导率高于颗粒内部的电导率，总电导率则小于颗粒内部和颗粒边界的电导率，颗粒边界并没有增强总电导率。纯橄榄岩的激化能为1，62eV，而激化体积为0.67cm3／mol，指前因子为5125加。利用实验所获得的拟合参数，建立了地球内部200-40Okm处的电导率模型，并同地球物理模型进行了对比，在温度和氧逸度的合理波动范围内，实验室电导率模型和地球物理模型吻合的很好。在压力为1-2GPa、温度为1228-1584K、频率为0.1-106Hz、氧逸度为MO-MoO2条件下，测量了天然和热压辉石岩、热压巨晶辉石、二辉橄榄岩的电导率。结果发现，在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部电响应和颗粒边界电响应的阻抗弧，反映颗粒内部导电的阻抗弧出现在较高的频率段，随着温度的增加，这些阻抗弧逐渐收缩。颗粒边界的阻抗弧出现在相对低的频率段。辉石岩、二辉橄榄岩、巨晶辉石电导率随着温度增加而增加，随压力变化比较微弱。天然辉石岩和热压辉石岩颗粒边界的电导率高于它们各自颗粒内部的电导率，而总电导率则小于颗粒内部和颗粒边界的电导率，颗粒边界并没有增强总电导率。辉石岩一二辉橄榄岩一纯橄榄岩的电导率依次减小，这可能是与它们的铁含量有关。天然辉石岩的电导率与热压辉石岩的电导率的差异可能与样品中的水（氢）含量的不同有关。

Curso de recuperação de áreas degradadas: a visão da ciência do solo no contexto do diagnóstico, manejo, indicadores de monitoramento e estratégias de recuperação.

A gradativa evolução e cobrança da legislação ambiental ocorridas nas últimas décadas, especialmente a que trata da obrigatoriedade da recuperação de áreas degradadas, têm contribuído significativamente para o aperfeiçoamento da tecnologia pertinente e tem despertado o interesse de várias categorias profissionais. Pesquisadores, técnicos e empresas estão empenhadas na solução de diversos problemas, específicos da área. Neste contexto, a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, vinculada ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pescuária e Abastecimento, criada em 26 de abril de 1973, que tem como missão viabilizar soluções para o desenvolvimento sustentável do espaço rural e peri-urbano, por meio da geração, adaptação e transferência de conhecimentos e tecnologias, em benefício dos diversos segmentos da sociedade brasileira, viu-se obrigada pela natureza de suas pesquisas, pela área geográfica de sua atuação e pelo conhecimento e desafios acumulado na empresa e em seus quadros técnicos, a também contribuir de forma efetiva na investigação científica e geração de tecnologias para recuperação de áreas degradadas. A adoção da Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas (RAD) como ramo da ciência é um evento recente em nosso país, e como a maioria dessas áreas degradadas está em áreas com atividades ligadas ao setor agropecuário ou a cadeia produtiva em volta do agronegócio brasileiro, a Embrapa tem um papel de atuação essencial para gerar tecnologias mitigadoras destes impactos, que podem e devem ser adaptadas para outras situações de solos e recursos hídricos degradados por outras atividades. A Petrobras, a maior empresa brasileira em valor de mercado, entende que em um cenário cada vez mais competitivo, a imagem das empresas está relacionada à conscientização de seus empregados de que o aprimoramento da qualidade, a minimização de impactos ao meio ambiente e a segurança do homem e do patrimônio são fatores decisivos para o aumento da produtividade. Por isso, a Companhia dedica igual atenção ao seu desenvolvimento tecnológico e aos aspectos de proteção ao meio ambiente. Diante deste contexto, a Petrobras contratou uma das unidades de pesquisa do sistema Embrapa, o Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos sediado no Rio de Janeiro para ministrar esse Curso de Recuparação de Áreas Degradadas, através da visão da Ciência do Solo no Contexto do Diagnóstico, Manejo, Indicadores de Monitoramento e Estratégias de Recuperação, visando o treinamento de parte dos seus quadros técnicos ligados à área de meio ambiente, utilizando ferramentas e conhecimentos específicos da Ciência do Solo, como contribuição técnica no sentido de aprimorar o enfoque multidisciplinar, necessário aos técnicos envolvidos em trabalhos de RAD. Esperamos que as informações contidas nesta apostila e transmitidas em sala de aula e nas atividades de campo contribuam para ampliar os muitos conhecimentos já adquiridos e vividos pelos quadros técnicos da área de meio ambiente da Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.

Influencia de sete porta-enxertos mono e poliembrionicos sobre quatro cultivares de mangueira no cerrado de Brasilia-DF.

2001

Optical and ion-scattering study of SiO2 layers thermally grown on 4H-SiC

Jenkins, Tudor; Hayton, D.J.; Bailey, P.; Noakes, T.C.Q., (2002) 'Optical and ion-scattering study of SiO2 layers thermally grown on 4H-SiC', Semiconductor Science and Technology 17 pp.L29-L32 RAE2008

Observations and analysis of a 63-year-old reinforced concrete promenade railing exposed to the North Sea

Despite being exposed to the harsh sea-spray environment of the North Sea at Arbroath, Scotland, for over 63 years, many of the reinforced concrete precast beam elements of the 1.5 km long promenade railing are still in very good condition and show little evidence of reinforcement corrosion. In contrast, railing replacements constructed in about 1968 and in 1993 are almost all badly cracked as a result of extensive corrosion of the longitudinal reinforcement. This is despite the newer concrete appearing to be of better quality than the 1943 concrete. Statistics for maximum crack width for each of the three populations, based on measurements made in 2004 and in 2006, are presented. In situ and laboratory measurements show that the 1943 concrete appears to have high permeability but it also shows high electrical resistivity. Chloride penetration measurements show the 1943 and 1993 concretes to have similar chloride profiles and similar chloride concentrations at the reinforcement bars. This is inconsistent with the 1943 beams showing much less reinforcement corrosion than their later replacements and casts doubt on the conventional practice for durability design focusing on reducing concrete permeability through denser concretes or greater cover.

Assessment of existing soakaways for reuse

This paper describes a practical approach for the investigation, assessment and design of existing soakaways. This method can be utilised for measuring the performance and capacity of the systems and examining whether the systems are suitable for reuse when information about the design and installation of the systems is not available. The requirements for field observations and the procedure for a soil infiltration test for the installed system are suggested for successful assessment. The soil infiltration rate of the system is estimated from the field test data without requiring information on the design and construction details of the system. The system's working condition is measured by a performance indicator related to the time taken to empty the soakaway. This is then employed to evaluate the potential reuse of the system. The system's drain capacity is determined by the design principles of current practice and the effect of climate change on its drain capacity is considered. Contamination of soils around the systems after long-term use of discharge service and the water present in soakaway chambers are also investigated. A detailed case study for the reuse of four installed soakaways for a new housing development demonstrates how the proposed approach provides a straightforward process for the infiltration performance and drain capacity assessment of the existing systems. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach are further demonstrated from the assessments for a number of installed systems over various sites

Rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 has mucosal adjuvant properties

Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. It functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. Since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus SA11 NSP4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering NSP4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), tetanus toxoid (TT) or ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigens in mice. Following intranasal immunization, NSP4 significantly enhanced both systemic and mucosal immune responses to model immunogens, as compared to the control group, in an antigen-specific manner. Both full-length and a cleavage product of SA11 NSP4 had adjuvant activity, localizing this activity to the C-terminus of the protein. NSP4 forms from virulent and avirulent porcine rotavirus OSU strain, and SA11 NSP4 localized within a 2/6-virus-like particle (VLP) also exhibited adjuvant effects. These studies suggest that the rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 can function as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses for a co-administered antigen.

Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.

We sought to provide a contemporary picture of the presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) in a large patient cohort from multiple locations worldwide. Prospective cohort study of 2781 adults with definite IE who were admitted to 58 hospitals in 25 countries from June 1, 2000, through September 1, 2005. The median age of the cohort was 57.9 (interquartile range, 43.2-71.8) years, and 72.1% had native valve IE. Most patients (77.0%) presented early in the disease (<30 days) with few of the classic clinical hallmarks of IE. Recent health care exposure was found in one-quarter of patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (31.2%). The mitral (41.1%) and aortic (37.6%) valves were infected most commonly. The following complications were common: stroke (16.9%), embolization other than stroke (22.6%), heart failure (32.3%), and intracardiac abscess (14.4%). Surgical therapy was common (48.2%), and in-hospital mortality remained high (17.7%). Prosthetic valve involvement (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.90), increasing age (1.30; 1.17-1.46 per 10-year interval), pulmonary edema (1.79; 1.39-2.30), S aureus infection (1.54; 1.14-2.08), coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection (1.50; 1.07-2.10), mitral valve vegetation (1.34; 1.06-1.68), and paravalvular complications (2.25; 1.64-3.09) were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, whereas viridans streptococcal infection (0.52; 0.33-0.81) and surgery (0.61; 0.44-0.83) were associated with a decreased risk. In the early 21st century, IE is more often an acute disease, characterized by a high rate of S aureus infection. Mortality remains relatively high.