(Table 1) Average aluminium accumulation rate at 40 DSDP Sites for the time interval 0-10 Ma and relative rates for other time intervals

A six-fold increase in the rate of accumulation of Al in north and central Atlantic and Pacific Ocean sediments indicates vastly increased denudation of the continents during the past 15 Ma. The increase is more apparent in hemipelagic than pelagic sites, demonstrating widely distributed local controls. Similarities in the rate of increase in the Atlantic and Pacific show that tectonic elevation is not responsible for the difference in sedimentation rate. Also, similarities in the difference at sites of low and high latitude suggest that glaciation is not the most significant source. A lack of correspondence between sedimentation rates and Vail's sea-level curve similarly rule out that effect. The conclusion drawn here is that worldwide climatic deterioration during the late Tertiary is the explanation for the striking increase in detrital sedimentation in the World ocean.

Patients undergoing subacute rehabilitation have accurate expectations of their health-related quality of life at discharge

Background Expectations held by patients and health professionals may affect treatment choices and participation (by both patients and health professionals) in therapeutic interventions in contemporary patient-centered healthcare environments. If patients in rehabilitation settings overestimate their discharge health-related quality of life, they may become despondent as their progress falls short of their expectations. On the other hand, underestimating their discharge health-related quality of life may lead to a lack of motivation to participate in therapies if they do not perceive likely benefit. There is a scarcity of empirical evidence evaluating whether patients' expectations of future health states are accurate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy with which older patients admitted for subacute in-hospital rehabilitation can anticipate their discharge health-related quality of life. Methods A prospective longitudinal cohort investigation of agreement between patients' anticipated discharge health-related quality of life (as reported on the EQ-5D instrument at admission to a rehabilitation unit) and their actual self-reported health-related quality of life at the time of discharge from this unit was undertaken. The mini-mental state examination was used as an indicator of patients' cognitive ability. Results Overall, 232(85%) patients had all assessment data completed and were included in analysis. Kappa scores ranged from 0.42-0.68 across the five EQ-5D domains and two patient cognition groups. The percentage of exact correct matches within each domain ranged from 69% to 85% across domains and cognition groups. Overall 40% of participants in each cognition group correctly anticipated all of their self-reported discharge EQ-5D domain responses. Conclusions Patients admitted for subacute in-hospital rehabilitation were able to anticipate the discharge health-related quality of life on the EQ-5D instrument with a moderate level of accuracy. This finding adds to the foundational empirical work supporting joint treatment decision making and patient-centered models of care during rehabilitation following acute illness or injury. Accurate patient expectations of the impact of treatment (or disease progression) on future health-related related quality of life is likely to allow patients and health professionals to successfully target interventions to priority areas where meaningful gains can be achieved.

Report on the 1994 juvenile salmon stocking study of Foxhouses and Grizedale Becks, River Wyre

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Foxhouses and Grizedale Becks as nursery habitat for juvenile salmon. A comprehensive fish stock assessment survey of the Wyre catchment was carried out by the NRA in 1992. This survey found that juvenile salmon were absent from two sites studied in Foxhouses Beck. In one site in Grizedale Beck, 0+ salmon were found at very low densities. Juvenile trout were found in all three sites studied in 1992. On the basis of the results of the 1992 survey, these two becks were stocked in 1994 with 0+ salmon reared from Lune broodstock at the NRA's Witcherwell Hatchery. These salmon were stocked at a known density, following a pre-stocking survey. This report examines and compares the results of the pre-stocking survey consisting of fourteen sites in the two becks, carried out between 12/04/94 and 27/04/94 and a post- stocking survey of six sites, carried out between 12/10/94 and 19/10/94. Flow, habitat and in-river obstructions have been shown to affect juvenile salmonid densities. A habitat description is provided for each site surveyed during the course of this study.

青藏高原不同海拔梯度2种莎草科牧草模拟体外消化率研究

利用大板山北坡3200m～3800m的海拔梯度，分别在3200 m、3400m、3600m和3800m处选取矮嵩草（Kobresia humilis)、黑褐苔草（Carex alrofusca)2种青藏高原重要莎草科牧草，并用二级离体培养法模拟测定其体外消化率，1999和2000年的测定结果发现，随着海拔升高牧草体外消化率呈增加的趋势，海拔高度从3200m升高到3800m，矮嵩草叶、矮嵩草茎、黑褐苔草叶、黑褐苔草茎的体外消化率分别增加了8.30和4.48、8.45和5.03、10.94和9.58、7.85和8.09个百分点。显著性分析结果表明，牧草体外消化率与牧草所生长的海拔高度之间的正相关关联差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05)。

根田鼠基础代谢率对单宁酸反应的格局

采用Kalabukhov skvortsov封闭式流体压力计测定根田鼠基础代谢率对食物单宁酸的反应格局。在食物蛋白质为10 %条件下 ,摄入3%单宁酸食物的根田鼠在第5天、第10天和2 0天的基础代谢率分别较第0天增高10.94 %、2 3.82 %及2 3.54% ;摄入6%单宁酸食物的根田鼠在第5天、第10天和第2 0天的基础代谢率分别较第 0天增高18.67%、2 9.0 7%及2 7.71%、当食物蛋白质为 2 0 %时 ,摄入 3%单宁酸食物的根田鼠在第 5天、第 10天和 2 0天的基础代谢率分别较第0天增高6.67%、10.63%及11.2 1% ;摄入6%单宁酸食物的根田鼠在第5天、第10天和20天的基础代谢率分别较第0天增高9.01%、14.50%及16.09%。说明, 食物单宁酸能显著地增加根田鼠的基础代谢率, 充分检验了单宁酸使植食性小哺乳动物基础代谢率增高的假设。

An investigation of the germylene addition reaction, GeH2+C2H2: Time-resolved gas-phase kinetic studies and quantum chemical calculations of the reaction energy surface

Time resolved studies of germylene, GeH2, generated by laser flash photolysis of 3,4-dimethylgermacyclopentene-3, have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reaction with acetylene, C2H2. The reaction was studied in the gas-phase over the pressure range 1-100 Tort, with SF6 as bath gas, at 5 temperatures in the range 297-553 K. The reaction showed a very slight pressure dependence at higher temperatures. The high pressure rate constants (obtained by extrapolation at the three higher temperatures) gave the Arrhenius equation: log(k(infinity)/cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) (-10.94 +/- 0.05) + (6.10 +/- 0.36 kJ mol(-1))/RTln10. These Arrhenius parameters are consistent with a fast reaction occurring at approximately 30% of the collision rate at 298 K. Quantum chemical calculations (both DFT and ab initio G2//B3LYP and G2//QCISD) of the GeC2H4 potential energy surface (PES), show that GeH2 + C2H2 react initially to form germirene which can isomerise to vinylgermylene with a relatively low barrier. RRKM modelling, based on a loose association transition state, but assuming vinylgermylene is the end product (used in combination with a weak collisional deactivation model) predicts a strong pressure dependence using the calculated energies, in conflict with the experimental evidence. The detailed GeC2H4 PES shows considerable complexity with ten other accessible stable minima (B3LYP level), the three most stable of which are all germylenes. Routes through this complex surface were examined in detail. The only product combination which appears capable of satisfying the (P-3) + C2H4.C2H4 was confirmed as a product by GC observed lack of a strong pressure dependence is Ge(P-3) + C2H4. C2H4 was confirmed as a product by GC analysis. Although the formation of these products are shown to be possible by singlet-triplet curve crossing during dissociation of 1-germiranylidene (1-germacyclopropylidene), it seems more likely (on thermochernical grounds) that the triplet biradical, (GeCH2CH2.)-Ge-., is the immediate product precursor. Comparisons are made with the reaction of SiH2 with C2H2.

O efeito do treinamento e destreinamento na força muscular de meninos pré-púberes

A treinabilidade de força em crianças tem sido bastante explorada, mas ainda existem alguns questionamentos: O quanto a força decresce quando a criança interrompe o treinamento? O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da força muscular dinâmica isotônica (1-RM), pico de torque isocinético e pico de torque isométrico, na extensão de joelho (EJ) e na flexão de cotovelo (FC) de meninos durante 24 semanas, sendo 12 semanas de treinamento e 12 de destreinamento de força. Um grupo experimental (EX) de 7 meninos (9,4±1,6 anos) pré-púberes treinou de forma dinâmica, três vezes por semana, durante 12 semanas, com intensidade entre 60 e 85% do teste de 1-RM, obtendo um aumento de 78% e 67% na força de 1-RM da EJ e da FC respectivamente. No grupo controle (CO) participaram 7 meninos pré-púberes, pareados ao EX pela idade (9,7±1,7 anos). Eles não alteraram significativamente a força nas primeiras 12 semanas, mas, ao final das 24 semanas, aumentaram a força de 1-RM em 41% e 53% na EJ e FC, respectivamente. Após 12 semanas de destreinamento, a força absoluta de 1-RM da EJ e da FC do grupo EX apresentou uma queda estatisticamente não significativa de 33% e 21%, respectivamente. Quando corrigida pelo peso corporal e massa corporal magra (MCM), a força do grupo EX de 1-RM da EJ diminuiu 41% e 36% (p<0,05) respectivamente. Na FC, a força não apresentou redução significativa Os grupos EX e CO, não apresentaram alterações estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) durantes as 24 semanas de estudo nos picos de torque isocinético e isométrico, os resultados foram os seguintes: no grupo EX a força isocinética de EJ em 60° e 90° foram 66,0±25,7 Nm para 79,8±26,1 Nm e 62,0±29,2 para 76,8±30,6 Nm respectivamente; e na FC em 60° e 90°, 16,0±8,9 para 13,3±8,2 Nm e 16,1±10,5 para 15,7±6,2 Nm respectivamente. Na força isométrica do grupo EX na EJ em 60° e 45° os resultados foram os seguintes: 96,9±35,6 para 108,3±61,9 Nm e 87,0±41,7 para 96,3±60,3 Nm respectivamente. Na FC em 60° e 90° de 20,3±7,1 para 22,5±8,2 Nm e de 21,7±6,7 para 21,5±9,1 Nm respectivamente. O grupo CO apresentou os seguintes resultados na força isocinética de EJ nos ângulos de 60° e 90°, de 55,1±14,4 para 76,6±15,4 Nm e 56,4±10,2 para 73,1±13,3 respectivamente. Na FC, de 13,1±3,9 para 13,9±3,6 Nm e 11,4±4,4 para 10,9±4,1 Nm em 60° e 90° respectivamente. Na força isométrica de EJ em 60° e 45° os resultados foram: 89,4±13,2 para 101,9±17,4 Nm e 73,7±10,5 para 84,1±10,8 respectivamente; e na FC em 60° e 90° foram de 16,1±4,8 para 17,7±4,7 e de 17,1±3,1 para 20,7±4,5 Nm respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que, após 12 semanas de destreinamento, a queda de força de 1-RM, foi significativa quando expressada em valores corrigidos pelo peso corporal e MCM, apenas nos membrosinferiores. O processo de crescimento e maturação pode contribuir para tornar menos evidente a redução da força durante o destreinamento.