Structural control of photoluminescence of four poly(urethane-urea-co-1,3,5-triazine)s: Synthesis and characterization

A series of segmented poly(urethane-urea)s containing 1,3,5 triazine in the hard block and hexamethylene spacers in the soft block was prepared. The hard to soft segment ratio was varied systematically, to afford a series of polymers in which the chromophore concentration varied from 4.2% to 18.1%. Although triazine emission is located in the UV region, the films with higher content of the chromophore emitted a visible blue light (425 nm) when excited at the very red-edge of the absorption band. The photophysical properties of the materials were strongly dependent on the relative amount of triazine moieties along the main chain. Isolated moieties emit in copolymers with small amount of triazine groups, indicating that even though in solid state, these moieties tend to be apart. Two photophysical consequences were observed when the amount of triazine increases: there is some energy transfer process involving isolated moieties with consequent decrease of the lifetime and an additional red-edge emission attributed to aggregated lumophores. The mono-exponential decay observed for the isolated form is substituted by a bi-exponential decay of the aggregated species. The materials were not strong emitters, but since the N-containing triazine moieties are good electron transport groups, the polymers have potential application as electron transport enhancers in various applications. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Uptake and fate of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine by Chrysopogon zizanioides

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a nitramine compound that has been used heavily by the military as an explosive. Manufacturing, use, and disposal of RDX have led to several contamination sites across the United States. RDX is both persistent in the environment and a threat to human health, making its remediation vital. The use of plants to extract RDX from the soil and metabolize it once it is in the plant tissue, is being considered as a possible solution. In the present study, the tropical grass Chrysopogon zizanioides was grown hydroponically in the presence RDX at 3 different concentration levels: 0.3, 1.1, and 2.26 ppm. The uptake of RDX was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of media samples taken every 6 hr during the first 24 hr and then daily over a 30-day experimental period. A rapid decrease in RDX concentration in the media of both controls and plant treatments was seen within the first 18 hours of the experiment with the greatest loss in RDX over time occurring within the first 6 hours of exposure. The loss was similar in both controls and plant exposures and possibly attributed to rapid uptake by the containers. A plant from one treatment at each of the three concentrations was harvested at Day 10, 20 and 30 throughout the experiment and extracted to determine the localization of RDX within the tissue and potentially identify any metabolites on the basis of differing retention times. Of the treatments containing 0.3, 1.1, and 2.26 ppm RDX, 13.1%, 18.3%, and 24.2% respectively, was quantified in vetiver extracts, with the majority of the RDX being localized to the roots. All plants not yet harvested were harvested on Day 30 of the experiment. A total of three plants exposed to each concentration level as well as the control, were extracted and analyzed with HPLC to determine amount of RDX taken up, localization of RDX within the plant tissue, and potentially identify any metabolites. Phytotoxicity of RDX to vetiver was also monitored. While a loss in biomass was observed in plants exposed to all the different concentrations of RDX, control plants grown in media not exposed to RDX showed the greatest biomass loss of all the treatments. There was also little variation in chlorophyll content between the different concentration treatments with RDX. This preliminary greenhouse study of RDX uptake 10 by Chrysopogon zizanioides will help indicate the potential ability of vetiver to serve as a plant system in the phytoremediation of RDX.

Crystal structure of 2,4,6-tris(cyclohexyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine

The title compound, C21H33N3O3, is a tri-substituted cyclo­hex­yloxy triazine. In the crystal, the triazine rings form (C3i-PU) Piedfort units. The inter-centroid distance of the [pi]-[pi] inter­action involving the triazine rings is 3.3914 (10) Å. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons propagating along [1-10]. There are also weak C-H...N and C-H...O contacts present, linking inversion-related ribbons, forming a three-dimensional structure.

Efeito do macrodipolo sobre a estabilidade térmica de derivados de 1,3,5-tricarboxamida-ciclo-hexano

1,3,5-tricarboxamida-ciclo-hexano são compostos capazes de se autoagregarem formando colunas supramoleculares as quais se mantêm unidas não só devido às interações das cadeias laterais mas também devido às ligações de hidrogênio de cada um dos três grupos amida por monômero. Cada monômero possui momento de dipolo elétrico associado aos grupos amida. Quando as amidas dos vários monômeros dentro da mesma coluna estão apontadas para a mesma direção, os momentos de dipolo individuais de todas as amidas se somam formando elevado dipolo ao longo do eixo da coluna, chamado de macrodipolo, o qual influencia as interações intercolunares. Neste trabalho foram investigadas quatro conformações as quais diferem entre si em relação à orientação dos grupos carbonila: a conformação Up-Up contém grupos carbonilas paralelos dentro das colunas e colunas paralela, a conformação Up-Down possui grupos carbonilas paralelos dentro das colunas e colunas antiparalelas, a conformação Intra-Up-Up contém grupos carbonilas antiparalelos dentro das colunas e colunas paralelas e a conformação Intra-Up-Down possui grupos carbonilas antiparalelos dentro das colunas e colunas antiparalelas. Foi usado Dinâmica Molecular Clássica para investigar o efeito das interações macrodipolo-macrodipolo das quatro diferentes conformações sobre a estabilidade térmica de três diferentes compostos derivados de 1,3,5-tricarboxamida-ciclo-hexano. Foi verificado que as conformações com colunas antiparalelas tendem a ser ligeiramente mais estáveis do que as conformações com orientação paralela. O efeito da orientação dos grupos carbonila dentro das colunas sob a estabilidade do material está relacionado a vários fatores, tais como cargas atômicas parciais, arranjo colunar ou natureza das cadeias laterais, e os resultados não são tão diretos como quando se compara as orientações entre colunas. Outro tópico investigado foi o comportamento do material durante a transição da fase colunar para a fase desordenada. As colunas podem se desmontar em três diferentes formas: elas podem completamente se desintegrar rapidamente, podem primeiro se desintegrar lentamente e então perder a ordem colunar ou primeiro perdem a ordem colunar e então se desmontam em um processo demorado. Tais comportamentos estão associados com as interações dentro e entre colunas.

Goethe's Werke. Nach den vorzüglichsten Quellen ... 1-11², 14-18, 20-36 Theil. [1-3, 5-10, 11.2, 14-16, 25-6, 28, 30-32,

Mode of access: Internet.

福建通志 首. 巻1至3, 5至6, 16至19, 64至65. 福建續志 巻8至13, 17至18

Mode of access: Internet.

Trigonometrische und barometrische höhenbestimmungen in Württemberg, bezogen auf den einheitlich deutschen normalnullpunkt ... hft. 1, 3, 5, 7, 10-11, 14.

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Marl Prairie/Slough Gradients; Patterns and Trends in Shark Slough and Adjacent Marl Prairies (CERP monitoring activity 3.1.3.5), First Annual Report (2005)

The work on CERP monitoring item 3.1.3.5 (Marl prairie/slough gradients) is being conducted by Florida International University (Dr Michael Ross, Project Leader), with Everglades National Park (Dr. Craig Smith) providing administrative support and technical consultation. As of January 2006 the funds transferred by ACOE to ENP, and subsequently to FIU, have been entirely expended or encumbered in salaries or wages. The project work for 2005 started rather late in the fiscal year, but ultimately accomplished the Year 1 goals of securing a permit to conduct the research in Everglades National Park, finalizing a detailed scope of work, and sampling marsh sites which are most easily accessed during the wet season. 46 plots were sampled in detail, and a preliminary vegetation classification distinguished three groups among these sites (Sawgrass marsh, sawgrass and other, and slough) which may be arranged roughly along a hydrologic gradient from least to most persistently inundated . We also made coarser observations of vegetation type at 5-m intervals along 2 transects totaling ~ 5 km. When these data were compared with similar observations made in 1998-99, it appeared that vegetation in the western portion of Northeast Shark Slough (immediately east of the L-67 extension) had shifted toward a more hydric type during the last 6 years, while vegetation further east was unchanged in this respect. Because this classification and trend analysis is based on a small fraction of the data set that will be available after the first cycle of sampling (3 years from now), the results should not be interpreted too expansively. However, they do demonstrate the potential for gaining a more comprehensive view of marsh vegetation structure and dynamics in the Everglades, and will provide a sound basis for adaptive management.