Health inequality between immigrants and natives in Spain: the loss of the healthy immigrant effect in times of economic crisis

Background: The immigrant population living in Spain grew exponentially in the early 2000s but has been particularly affected by the economic crisis. This study aims to analyse health inequalities between immigrants born in middle- or low-income countries and natives in Spain, in 2006 and 2012, taking into account gender, year of arrival and socioeconomic exposures. Methods: Study of trends using two cross-sections, the 2006 and 2012 editions of the Spanish National Health Survey, including residents in Spain aged 15–64 years (20 810 natives and 2950 immigrants in 2006, 14 291 natives and 2448 immigrants in 2012). Fair/poor self-rated health, poor mental health (GHQ-12 > 2), chronic activity limitation and use of psychotropic drugs were compared between natives and immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006, adjusting robust Poisson regression models for age and socioeconomic variables to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Inequalities in poor self-rated health between immigrants and natives tend to increase among women (age-adjusted PR2006 = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.24–1.56, PR2012 = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.33–1.82). Among men, there is a new onset of inequalities in poor mental health (PR2006 = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.86–1.40, PR2012 = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06–1.69) and an equalization of the previously lower use of psychotropic drugs (PR2006 = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11–0.43, PR2012 = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.73–2.01). Conclusions: Between 2006 and 2012, immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006 appeared to worsen their health status when compared with natives. The loss of the healthy immigrant effect in the context of a worse impact of the economic crisis on immigrants appears as potential explanation. Employment, social protection and re-universalization of healthcare would prevent further deterioration of immigrants’ health status.

The future of educated women

by Helen Ekin Starrett ; and Men, women, and money / by Frances Ekin Allison.

Notes on the history of the College for women of Western reserve university for its first twenty-five years, 1888-1913.

Cover-title: The co-ordinate system in the higher education.

A report on the National Seminar of American Indian Women, held August 2-8, 1970 at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Sponsored by the Country Women's Council, U.S.A. and the Associated Country Women of the World societies in the United States.

North Texas regional union list of serials,: comprising the libraries of North Texas State Teachers College, Southern Methodist University, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Texas Christian University, Texas State College for Women, and the public libraries of Dallas and Fort Worth.

Reproduced from type-written copy.

Journal of the American Association of University Women.

Includes the association's Register.

Long-range university planning in the face of variable demands for educated manpower /

Bibliography: p. [1]-2 (2nd group).

UW Sings! UW Choirs with University Women's Choir University Singers UW Men's Glee Club May 31, 2016

Concert Program

Birth-to-pregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal outcomes among African-born black women in Washington State.

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Unequally Unemployed: Labor Market Stratification After the Great Recession

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06