Clínica de animais de companhia

A clínica veterinária de pequenos animais é um mundo vasto e complexo que necessita de um estudo contínuo. Este relatório de estágio está dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte contém a descrição das atividades realizadas durante o estágio curricular realizado na clínica AlcabidecheVet. A segunda parte corresponde a uma monografia cujo tema é doença renal crónica em animais de companhia. A doença renal crónica acomete tanto cães como gatos em idade avançada, tendo uma progressão irreversível. Vários estudos científicos têm sido realizados para melhorar a sua prevenção e diagnóstico, como o estudo de biomarcadores da função renal. A utitilização de biomarcadores no diagnóstico e controlo da doença renal é essencial para o seu estadiamento e para demarcar o avanço dos danos renais. É também necessário conhecer os mecanismos patológicos em ação nesta doença para que o seu tratamento e monitorização providenciem o máximo bem-estar e o prolongamento da vida do animal; Abstract: (Small Animal Practice and Surgery – Kidney Chronic Disease) The world of small animal veterinary practice is vast and complex and needs a continuous study. This report is divided in two parts. The first describes the activities performed during the curricular internship at the clinic AlcabidecheVet. The second consists of a monograph which theme is chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease affects both dogs and cats of declining age, and has an irreversible progression. There’s been scientific advances in its prevention and diagnosis with the study of biomarkers of kidney function. It’s also necessary to understand the pathological mechanisms in action in this disease, so its treatment and control can aim towards the welfare and the life extension of pets.

Clínica de animais de companhia

O presente relatório diz respeito ao estágio curricular realizado no Hospital Veterinário de Portimão, sob a orientação da Prof. Doutora Josefina Coucelo e com a duração de cinco meses, entre um de janeiro de 2016 e trinta e um de maio de 2016. Este relatório foi realizado no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária e consiste em duas partes. A primeira é referente aos casos acompanhados no decorrer do estágio curricular, e a segunda é uma revisão bibliográfica do tema “Leishmaniose Felina”, seguida de um caso clínico acompanhado pelo autor. A Leishmaniose é uma importante zoonose, endémica em várias regiões no mundo, como o sul da Europa, afetando variados mamíferos, debilitando-os e podendo ser fatal. Causada por protozoários do género Leishmania, considera-se como uma afeção rara em gatos. Existe um número crescente de casos nesta espécie, que não é, no entanto, reservatório da infeção para humanos; Small Animal Practice Abstract: The present report describes a training in Portimãos’s Veterinary Hospital, under Doctor Josefina Coucelo’s supervision with the duration of five months, between the 1st January 2016 and the 31st May 2016. This report was written in the context of the Veterinary Medicine Integrated Master degree’s conclusion and is made up of two parts. The first refers to the clinical cases followed during the training and the second is a monography about “Feline Leishmaniasis”, followed by a case report on the subject observed by the author. Leishmaniasis is an important zoonosis endemic in many world regions as well as in southern Europe, affecting many mammals debilitating them and sometimes fatal. It is caused by protozoan of the genus Leishmania. It’s considered a rare affection in cats, however, there’s an increasing number of cases in this host species which still isn’t considered a human infection reservoir.

Clínica médica e cirúrgica em animais de companhia

Este relatório foi realizado no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, que decorreu no Centro Hospitalar Veterinário de 1 de Setembro de 2015 a 1 de Fevereiro de 2016. A primeira componente trata da casuística acompanhada durante o estágio. A área da clínica médica representada com maior frequência foi a gastroenterologia. A segunda componente consiste na revisão bibliográfica sobre a síndrome de dilatação e torção gástrica, complementada com dois casos acompanhados durante o estágio. Esta ocorre principalmente em cães de raça de grande porte, como o Dogue Alemão, o Pastor Alemão, o Poodle Médio e o Rottweiler. O diagnóstico implica uma anamnese completa, tendo como queixas timpanismo abdominal e vómito não produtivo, confirmando-se por raio x abdominal. O tratamento recomendado passa pela rehidratação, descompressão gástrica, gastrectomia parcial (em caso de necrose gástrica) e gastropexia. A gastropexia profilática está recomendada em raças predispostas; Abstract: Small Animal Practice This report was elaborated following a traineeship under the context of integrated masters degree in veterinary medicine of Universidade de Évora at the Centro Hospitalar Veterinario from September 1st, 2015 to February, 1st, 2016. The first component covers the casuistry accompanied during the mentioned traineeship. The most prevalent clinical area was the gastroenterology. The second component consists of a literature review of gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome along the report of two cases followed. This syndrome often occurs in giant dog breeds. Great Dane, German Shepherd, Standard Poodle and Rottweiler, are examples. The main complains are retching and bloat, and the diagnostic is made by abdominal radiography. The treatment consists in stabilization of the patient, gastric decompression, partial gastrectomy (if needed) and gastropexy. Prophylactic grastopexy is the recommended procedure for predisposed breeds.

Clínica médica e cirúrgica em animais de companhia

O presente relatório está inserido no âmbito da unidade curricular do Estágio Curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, sob orientação da Drª Sónia Lucena e coorientação da Drª Ângela Martins. Encontra-se dividido em duas partes, a primeira é referente à casuística acompanhada no Hospital Veterinário da Arrábida e Centro de Reabilitação Animal da Arrábida durante o período de cinco meses de estágio. Na casuística são expostos de forma breve os casos clínicos e procedimentos acompanhados durante o período de estágio. Na segunda parte é desenvolvida uma monografia intitulada “Maneio da dor crónica” acompanhada por uma descrição de um caso clínico assistido durante o estágio. A dor crónica é considerada uma dor patológica, deixando de ser um mecanismo de defesa do organismo e passando a ser considerada uma doença. É de difícil tratamento e requer um esforço multidisciplinar; ABSTRACT: Small Animal Medicine This report is conducted under the context of the curricular internship course unit of integrated master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Évora under the supervision of Dr. Sónia Lucena and cosupervision of Dr. Ângela Martins. The first component refers to the assisted cases followed in Hospital Veterinário da Arrábida and Centro de Reabilitação Animal da Arrábida during the five months of the practice period. In the followed cases part it is explored briefly some clinical cases and procedures accompanied during that practice period. The second component consists of a monograph titled “Chronic pain management” accompanied with a description of a clinical case followed seen during the practice period. Chronic pain is considered a pathological pain, ceasing to be a defense mechanism of the body and to be considered a disease. It is difficult to treat and requires a multidisciplinary effort.

Clínica de animais de companhia

O presente relatório é resultado do estágio curricular, 11º semestre do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária. Este decorreu em duas instituições de referência veterinária em Barcelona (Hospital ARS Veterinária e Hospital Veterinari Montjuïc) e permitiu melhorar e integrar os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso. O relatório é composto por três partes: introdução, que situa temporal e espacialmente, relatório de casuística, que abrange todas as atividades realizadas e assistidas, e monografia. A monografia consiste na descrição de uma afeção neurológica, muito comum em Cavalier king charles spaniel, designada de siringomielia. A monografia inicia-se com uma revisão bibliográfica e termina com o relato de quatro casos clínicos acompanhados no Hospital ARS Veterinário; ABSTRACT: Small animal practice This report is the result of the traineeship in the 11th semester of the Integrated Master degree in Veterinary Medicine. It took place in two veterinary reference institutions in Barcelona (hospital ARS veterinary and hospital Veterinari Montjuïc) and contributed to improve and integrate the knowledge acquired throughout the course. The report consists in three parts: Introduction, which locates temporally and spatially, the sample report covering all activities, and monograph. The monography is the description of a neurological disorder, very common in Cavalier king charles spaniel, designated syringomyelia. The monography begins with a literature review and ends with the description of four clinical cases followed in ARS veterinary hospital.

Clínica de animais de companhia

O presente relatório apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas no estágio decorrido no Hospital Ars Veterinaria. A primeira parte do relatório refere-se ao relatório de casuística com apresentação de casos e procedimentos acompanhados. A segunda refere-se à monografia com o tema “Opções terapêuticas em hemangiossarcoma canino” e encontra-se ilustrada por três casos clínicos. O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia descrita com origem endotelial, devido à aparência histológica, no entanto descobertas recentes sugerem que provém de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos e variáveis. A localização mais comum é o baço, embora ocorra noutras localizações. O diagnóstico requer o estadiamento tumoral e para ser completo deve incluir hematologia e bioquímica sérica, provas de coagulação, exames imagiológicos e confirmação histopatológica. O tratamento base é cirúrgico associado a protocolos quimioterápicos baseados em doxorrubicina. Novas terapias começam a ser investigadas de forma a melhorar os tempos de sobrevivência desta neoplasia de prognóstico reservado; Abstract: Small animal medicine This report was elaborated following a traineeship at the Ars Veterinaria Hospital. The first part concerns about cases report and includes presentation of cases and followed procedures. The second part is the monography under the theme “therapeutical options in canine hemangiosarcoma” and it presents three clinical cases seen during the internship. The hemangiossarcoma is a cancer described to have endothelial origin, because of its histological appearance, but recent discoveries suggest that it originates from hematopoietic progenitor cells. The clinical signs are variable and unspecific. The most common location is the spleen, but others might exist. The diagnosis demands tumoral staging, which to be complete must include hematology and biochemical analysis, coagulation tests, imagiologic tests and histopathologic confirmation. The basic treatment is surgical, associated with chemotherapy based on doxorubicin. New therapies are beginning to be investigated, aiming improve survival times of this cancer with reserved prognosis.

Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in small rodents using a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner

Because of superior soft-tissue contrast compared to other imaging techniques, non-invasive abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for monitoring organ regeneration, tissue repair, cancer stage, and treatment effects in a wide variety of experimental animal models. Currently, sophisticated MR protocols, including technically demanding procedures for motion artefact compensation, achieve an MRI resolution limit of < 100 microm under ideal conditions. However, such a high spatial resolution is not required for most experimental rodent studies. This article describes both a detailed imaging protocol for MR data acquisition in a ubiquitously and commercially available 1.5 T MR unit and 3-dimensional volumetry of organs, tissue components, or tumors. Future developments in MR technology will allow in vivo investigation of physiological and pathological processes at the cellular and even the molecular levels. Experimental MRI is crucial for non-invasive monitoring of a broad range of biological processes and will further our general understanding of physiology and disease.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Small Ruminants with Brain

Brain disease is an important cause of neurologic deficits in small ruminants, however few MRI features have been described. The aim of this retrospective, case series study was to describe MRI characteristics in a group of small ruminants with confirmed brain disease. A total of nine small ruminants (six sheep and three goats) met inclusion criteria. All had neurologic disorders localized to the brain and histopathologic confirmation. In animals with toxic-metabolic diseases, there were bilaterally symmetric MRI lesions affecting either the gray matter (one animal with polioencephalomalacia) or the white matter (two animals with enterotoxemia). In animals with suppurative inflammation, asymmetric focal brainstem lesions were present (two animals with listeric encephalitis), or lesions typical of an intra-axial (one animal) or dural abscess (one animal), respectively. No MRI lesions were detected in one animal with suspected viral cerebellitis and one animal with parasitic migration tracts. No neoplastic or vascular lesions were identified in this case series. Findings from the current study supported the use of MRI for diagnosing brain diseases in small ruminants.

Denisiuk-type reflection holography display with sillenite crystals for imaging and interferometry of small objects

A novel setup for imaging and interferometry through reflection holography with Bi12TiPO20(BTO) sillenite photorefractive crystals is proposed. A variation of the lensless Denisiuk arrangement was developed resulting in a compact, robust and simple interferometer. A red He-Ne laser was used as light source and the holographic recording occurred by diffusion with the grating vector parallel to the crystal [0 0 1]-axis. In order to enhance the holographic image quality and reduce noise a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) was positioned at the BTO input and the crystal was tilted around the [0 0 1]-axis. This enabled the orthogonally polarized transmission and diffracted beams to be separated by the PBS, providing the holographic image only. The possibility of performing deformation and strain analysis as well as vibration measurement of small objects was demonstrated. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Confirmation of functional zones within the human subthalamic nucleus: patterns of connectivity and sub-parcellation using diffusion weighted imaging.

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, glutamatergic nucleus situated in the diencephalon. A critical component of normal motor function, it has become a key target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated the existence of three functional sub-zones but these have never been shown conclusively in humans. In this work, a data driven method with diffusion weighted imaging demonstrated that three distinct clusters exist within the human STN based on brain connectivity profiles. The STN was successfully sub-parcellated into these regions, demonstrating good correspondence with that described in the animal literature. The local connectivity of each sub-region supported the hypothesis of bilateral limbic, associative and motor regions occupying the anterior, mid and posterior portions of the nucleus respectively. This study is the first to achieve in-vivo, non-invasive anatomical parcellation of the human STN into three anatomical zones within normal diagnostic scan times, which has important future implications for deep brain stimulation surgery.

Anatomo-functional magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord and its application to the characterization of spinal lesions in cats

Les lésions de la moelle épinière ont un impact significatif sur la qualité de la vie car elles peuvent induire des déficits moteurs (paralysie) et sensoriels. Ces déficits évoluent dans le temps à mesure que le système nerveux central se réorganise, en impliquant des mécanismes physiologiques et neurochimiques encore mal connus. L'ampleur de ces déficits ainsi que le processus de réhabilitation dépendent fortement des voies anatomiques qui ont été altérées dans la moelle épinière. Il est donc crucial de pouvoir attester l'intégrité de la matière blanche après une lésion spinale et évaluer quantitativement l'état fonctionnel des neurones spinaux. Un grand intérêt de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est qu'elle permet d'imager de façon non invasive les propriétés fonctionnelles et anatomiques du système nerveux central. Le premier objectif de ce projet de thèse a été de développer l'IRM de diffusion afin d'évaluer l'intégrité des axones de la matière blanche après une lésion médullaire. Le deuxième objectif a été d'évaluer dans quelle mesure l'IRM fonctionnelle permet de mesurer l'activité des neurones de la moelle épinière. Bien que largement appliquées au cerveau, l'IRM de diffusion et l'IRM fonctionnelle de la moelle épinière sont plus problématiques. Les difficultés associées à l'IRM de la moelle épinière relèvent de sa fine géométrie (environ 1 cm de diamètre chez l'humain), de la présence de mouvements d'origine physiologique (cardiaques et respiratoires) et de la présence d'artefacts de susceptibilité magnétique induits par les inhomogénéités de champ, notamment au niveau des disques intervertébraux et des poumons. L'objectif principal de cette thèse a donc été de développer des méthodes permettant de contourner ces difficultés. Ce développement a notamment reposé sur l'optimisation des paramètres d'acquisition d'images anatomiques, d'images pondérées en diffusion et de données fonctionnelles chez le chat et chez l'humain sur un IRM à 3 Tesla. En outre, diverses stratégies ont été étudiées afin de corriger les distorsions d'images induites par les artefacts de susceptibilité magnétique, et une étude a été menée sur la sensibilité et la spécificité de l'IRM fonctionnelle de la moelle épinière. Les résultats de ces études démontrent la faisabilité d'acquérir des images pondérées en diffusion de haute qualité, et d'évaluer l'intégrité de voies spinales spécifiques après lésion complète et partielle. De plus, l'activité des neurones spinaux a pu être détectée par IRM fonctionnelle chez des chats anesthésiés. Bien qu'encourageants, ces résultats mettent en lumière la nécessité de développer davantage ces nouvelles techniques. L'existence d'un outil de neuroimagerie fiable et robuste, capable de confirmer les paramètres cliniques, permettrait d'améliorer le diagnostic et le pronostic chez les patients atteints de lésions médullaires. Un des enjeux majeurs serait de suivre et de valider l'effet de diverses stratégies thérapeutiques. De telles outils représentent un espoir immense pour nombre de personnes souffrant de traumatismes et de maladies neurodégénératives telles que les lésions de la moelle épinière, les tumeurs spinales, la sclérose en plaques et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique.

Synchrotron X-ray imaging via ultra-small-angle scattering: principles of quantitative analysis and application in studying bone integration to synthetic grafting materials

Optimized experimental conditions for extracting accurate information at subpixel length scales from analyzer-based X-ray imaging were obtained and applied to investigate bone regeneration by means of synthetic beta-TCP grafting materials in a rat calvaria model. The results showed a 30% growth in the particulate size due to bone ongrowth/ingrowth within the critical size defect over a 1-month healing period.

Denisiuk-type reflection holography display with sillenite crystals for imaging and interferometry of small objects

A novel setup for imaging and interferometry through reflection holography with Bi12TiPO20(BTO) sillenite photorefractive crystals is proposed. A variation of the lensless Denisiuk arrangement was developed resulting in a compact, robust and simple interferometer. A red He-Ne laser was used as light source and the holographic recording occurred by diffusion with the grating vector parallel to the crystal [0 0 1]-axis. In order to enhance the holographic image quality and reduce noise a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) was positioned at the BTO input and the crystal was tilted around the [0 0 1]-axis. This enabled the orthogonally polarized transmission and diffracted beams to be separated by the PBS, providing the holographic image only. The possibility of performing deformation and strain analysis as well as vibration measurement of small objects was demonstrated. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

One small scan for radiology, one giant leap for forensic medicine - Post-mortem imaging replaces forensic autopsy in a case of traumatic aortic laceration

The questions of cause and manner of death are the most pressing ones in any forensic investigation. Traditionally, autopsy is the means to provide answers to these questions and despite the increasing use of CT and MR in the post-mortem setting, imaging has usually been an adjunct to forensic autopsy. Here we describe a case where post-mortem CT and MR were performed instead of autopsy, at the request of the responsible public prosecutor. The forensic conclusions derived from imaging, including cause and manner of death were accepted by the legal authorities, thereby setting precedence for future cases. This case represents a landmark in forensic medicine and is another step toward the full realization of minimally invasive forensic autopsy.