Qualidade do composto de resíduo sólido urbano.

2009

Regulamentação do uso agrícola de composto de resíduo sólido urbano.

Regulamentação de padrões de qualidade de CRSU x mercado. Regulamentações em outros países. Regulamentação federal brasileira.

Utilização agrícola de composto de resíduo sólido urbano.

O porquê do uso agronõmico do composto de lixo. Critérios de aplicação e de manejo do composto. Efeitos sobre as propriedades do solo. Capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC). rEAÇÃO DO SOLO. Nutrientes. Relação C/N. Nitrogênio. Fósforo. Potássio, cálcio, magnésio e sódio. Enxofre e micronutrientes. Salinidade e sociedade. Elementos inorgânicos potencialmente tóxicos. Efeitos sobre as plantas.

Efeito da adição de fubá de milho no perfil fermentativo da silagem do resíduo da extração do palmito da pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o perfil fermentativo das silagens do resíduo agroindustrial da extração do palmito da pupunha in natura, aditivada com fubá de milho (10% do peso verde) e emurchecida. Utilizou-se silos de laboratório (de PVC, 10 cm de diâmetros x 40 cm de comprimento). As aberturas dos silos ocorreram aos 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias após a ensilagem. Os valores de pH não apresentaram diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos tendo como média (3,80) no dia 56, no entanto esses valores apresentaram padrão de mudança cúbico ao longo dos dias com o valor mínimo sendo atingido no dia 14 para todos os tratamentos. A adição do fubá de milho na silagem elevou os teores de MS (19,71%) e PB (7,09%), no entanto não reduziu o valor de N-NH3/NT (7,89%) apresentando diferença significativa (P<0,05) com o tratamento com emurchecimento que obteve o menor valor de N-NH3/NT (6,35%). A silagem do resíduo da extração do palmito da pupunha aditiva com o fubá de milho melhorou o valor de MS e o valor de PB, podendo ser uma alternativa para alimentação dos ruminantes.

Efeito da adição da torta de dendê no perfil fermentativo da silagem do resíduo da extração do palmito da pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).

A extração de palmito da pupunha, na região Sul do estado da Bahia, vem gerando grande quantidade de derivados, que podem ser uma alternatia de alimentação para os ruminantes na forma de silagem. Podendo, assim, solucionar o destino desses co-produtos e, desta forma, gerar tecnologias voltadas para o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais associados ao ecossistema regional. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o perfil fermentativo das silagens do co-produto agroindustrial da extração do palmito da pupunha in natura, aditivada com torta de dendê (10% do peso verde) e emurchecida. Utilizou-se silos PVC com 10 cm de diâmetros x 40 cm de comprimento. As aberturas dos silos ocorreram aos 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias após a ensilagem. Os valores de pH não apresentaram diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos tendo como média (3,82) no dia 56, no entanto esses valores apresentaram padrão de mudança cúbica ao longo dos dias com o valor mínimo sendo atingido no dia 14 para todos os tratamentos. A adição da torta de dendê na silagem elevou os teores de MS (21,06%) e PB (7,79%), reduziu os valores de N-NH3/NT (3,73%) e de perda de MS (0,82) apresentando diferença significativa (P<0,05) para os demais tratamentos. A silagem do co-produto da extração do palmito da pupunha aditivada com torta de dendê melhorou os parâmetros de fermentação e o valor de PB. podendo ser uma alternativa para alimentação dos ruminantes.

Incorporação de resíduo cerâmico para prevenção da retrogressão da resistência de cimentos de poços de petróleo submetidos à injeção de vapor

Steam injection is the most used thermal recovery method of oil nowadays because of the high degree of development of the technique that allows high recovery factors. However, injection of superheated steam into the reservoir affects the entire structure of the well, including the cemented layer that presents a retrogression of compressive strength and increases the permeability due to formation of more crystalline and denser phases at temperatures above 110 °C. These changes result in failures in the cement that favor the entrance of formation fluids into the annulus space resulting in unsafe operations and restrictions in the economic life of the well. But the strength retrogression can be prevented by partial replacement of cement by silica-based materials that reduce the CaO/SiO2 ratio of cement slurries changing the trajectory of the reactions, converting those deleterious phases in phases with satisfactory mechanical strength and permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of a ceramic waste material rich in silica in partial and total substitution of a mineral additive used to fight the strength retrogression of cement slurries subjected to high temperatures. The evaluation was made by compression, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The samples were submitted to a cycle of low temperature (38 °C) for 28 days and a cycle of low temperature followed by exposure to 280 ºC and 1000 psi by 3 days. The results showed that slurries with additions of up to 30% of the waste material are not enough to prevent the strength retrogression, while slurries with additions of the waste material combined with silica flour in various proportions produced hydrated products of low Ca/Si ratios that maintained the compressive strength at satisfactory levels

Avaliação do petróleo por termogravimetria para simulação de curva PEV, fator de caracterização e resíduo de carbono

Petroleum evaluation is analyze it using different methodologies, following international standards to know their chemical and physicochemical properties, contaminant levels, composition and especially their ability to generate derivatives. Many of these analyzes consuming a lot of time, large amount of samples , supplies and need an organized transportation logistics, schedule and professionals involved. Looking for alternatives that optimize the evaluation and enable the use of new technologies, seven samples of different centrifuged Brazilian oils previously characterized by Petrobras were analyzed by thermogravimetry in 25-900° C range using heating rates of 05, 10 and 20ºC per minute. With experimental data obtained, characterizations correlations were performed and provided: generation of true boiling point curves (TBP) simulated; comparing fractions generated with appropriate cut standard in temperature ranges; an approach to obtain Watson characterization factor; and compare micro carbon residue formed. The results showed a good chance of reproducing simulated TBP curve from thermogravimetry taking into account the composition, density and other oil properties. Proposed correlations for experimental characterization factor and carbon residue followed Petrobras characterizations, showing that thermogravimetry can be used as a tool on oil evaluation, because your quick analysis, accuracy, and requires a minimum number of samples and consumables

Extração em larga escala do resíduo de construção e demolição reciclados para correção da acidez dos solos.

2016

Dinâmica de fluxo de folhas em perfilhos de capim-elefante cv. BRS Kurumi sob diferentes alturas de resíduo.

Entre as gramíneas usadas em pastagens para alimentação animal, destaca-se o capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), pelo alto potencial de produção de forragem, bom valor nutritivo e facilidade de adaptação às condições climáticas predominantes em quase todo o País

Atividade de micro-organismos solubilizadores de fosfato de ferro em resíduo industrial.

2016

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e cinzas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar

This work was done with the objective of studying some physical and mechanical characteristics of the sugarcane bagasse ash added to a soil-cement mixture, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The sugarcane bagasse ash pre-treatment included both sieving and grinding, before mixing with soil and cement. Different proportions of cement-ash were tested by determining its standard consistence and its compressive resistance at 7 and 28 days age. The various treatments were subsequently applied to the specimens molded with different soil-cement-ash mixtures which in turns were submitted to compaction, unconfined compression and water absorption laboratory tests. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 20% of Portland cement by sugarcane bagasse ash without any damage to the mixture's compressive strength.

Características físicas e mecânicas de misturas de solo, cimento e casca de arroz

The main objective of this work is the study of the effect of rice husk addition on the physical and mechanical properties of soil-cement, in order to obtain an alternative construction material. The rice husk preparation consisted of grinding, sieving, and the pre-treatment with lime solution. The physical characteristics of the soil and of the rice husk were determined. Different amounts of soil, cement and rice husk were tested by compaction and unconfined compression. The specimens molded according to the treatments applied to the mixtures were subsequently submitted to compression testing and to tensile splitting cylinder testing at 7 and 28 days of age and to water absorption testing. After determining its physical and mechanical characteristics, the best results were obtained for the soil + 12% (cement + rice husk) mixture. The results showed a promising use as an alternative construction material.

Durabilidade de compósito biomassa vegetal-cimento modificado por polímero

The durability of the cellulose-cement composites is a decisive factor to introduce such material in the market. Polymers have been used in concrete and mortar production to increase its durability. The goal of this work was the physical and mechanical characterization of cellulose-cement composites modified by a polymer and the subsequent durability evaluation. The work also evaluated the dispersion of acrylic polymer in composites made of Pinus caribaea residues. The physical properties observed were water absorption by immersion and bulk density. Rupture modulus and toughness were determined by flexural test. The specimens were obtained from pads, produced by pressing and wet curing. Samples were subjected to accelerated aging tests by repeated wetting and drying cycles and hot-water bath and natural aging. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed verifying the fiber and composite characteristics along the time. For the composite range analyzed, it was observed the polymer improved the mechanical properties of composites besides a significant decreasing in water absorption. The use of polymer improved the performance of vegetable fiber-cement composites when compared to the conventional mortar, due to water absorption decreasing.