300 resultados para pomar
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The Cutri Formation’s, type location, exposed in the NW of Mallorca, Spain has previously been described by Álvaro et al., (1989) and further interpreted by Abbots (1989) unpublished PhD thesis as a base-of-slope carbonate apron. Incorporating new field and laboratory analysis this paper enhances this interpretation. From this analysis, it can be shown without reasonable doubt that the Cutri Formation was deposited in a carbonate base-of-slope environment on the palaeowindward side of a Mid-Jurassic Tethyan platform. Key evidence such as laterally extensive exposures, abundant deposits of calciturbidtes and debris flows amongst hemipelagic deposits strongly support this interpretation.
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L’objectif principal de ce mémoire était de déterminer les apports optimaux en phosphore (P) en termes de performance de croissance, de minéralisation osseuse, d’excrétion de P et de fréquence d’ostéochondrose chez le porc (25 à 120 kg). L’expérience s’est échelonnée sur trois phases de 28 jours chacune où les porcs ont été alimentés avec des nourrisseurs automatiques. Deux aliments, soit un riche en nutriments (A) qui satisfait les besoins d’un porc de 25 kg en plus d’apporter 140 % des besoins en P digestible et en calcium (Ca) et un autre pauvre en nutriments (B) satisfaisant les besoins d’un porc de 120 kg en plus d’apporter 60 % des besoins en P digestible et en Ca ont été utilisés pour fabriquer 5 des traitements alimentaires, et le 6e traitement constituait le témoin positif. Pendant la première phase, 80 porcs ont reçu un des 5 traitements alimentaires, soit 60, 80, 100, 120 et 140 % des besoins en P avec un rapport Ca :P fixe. De faibles différences au niveau des performances de croissance ont été observées entre les traitements. La minéralisation osseuse a pour sa part augmenté linéairement avec l’augmentation des apports phosphocalciques. Aux phases 2 et 3, une erreur expérimentale s’est glissée dans la composition des aliments A et B, faisant en sorte que les quantités de Ca de chacun des deux aliments ont été inversées, soit des apports de P toujours de 60, 80, 100, 120 et 140 % des besoins, mais conjointement avec des apports de Ca de 140, 115, 100, 85 et 70 % des besoins respectivement. Ainsi, l’objectif de l’essai a été revu en tenant compte de cette erreur pour étudier l’effet de déséquilibres phosphocalciques sur les mêmes critères que ceux de la phase 1. Les résultats montrent l’importance de maintenir un équilibre entre les apports de P et de Ca afin de favoriser l’utilisation de chacun des deux éléments.
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The jabuticaba fruit tree from classified in the Myrtaceae family and Plinia genre. There are about nine species of this fruit tree, that include as most important, Plinia trunciflora (jabuticaba de cabinho), naturally occurring in southwestern Paraná State, Brazil, P. cauliflora (jabuticaba Paulista or Jabuticaba Açu) and P. jaboticaba (Vell) (jabuticaba sabará), with all the over species producing fruit for the industry or fresh consumption. Nevertheless, there aren‟t commercial orchards with this culture, with highest yield part from extractive. This fact can be combined with lack of technical knowledge for the plants produce in the field. As these species are found in the forest, the first point is whether they can adapt to other light intensity conditions. The aim of this work was to identify the adaptive behavior of jabuticaba fruit seedling and tree when they were put in different light intensities and what this can be considered ideal for the growth, as well as, its influence in the leaves secondary compounds production. Two experiments were conducted, with the first involved with the study of the seedlings and the second with plants in the field. The work was carried out at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State - Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized and a block design with four treatments and four replications of 10 seedlings or two plants per plot, according to nursery or orchard conditions, respectively. The treatments were base according to the light intensity. The treatments used were, 1 - full sun, similar the orchard condition, with 0% shading; 2 - side cover with shade cloth and top with transparent plastic, representing a gap forest condition; 3 - side and top cover with shade cloth, representing stage where the forest canopy is closing, focusing only indirect sunlight; 4 - side and top cover with shade cloth, simulating a closed canopy condition, with PPD (photon flux density) of 10% (90% shading); 5 - side and top cover with shade cloth, simulating a more open canopy condition with PPD 65% (35% shading). The growth and development seedling and plant characteristics were evaluated once by month, as also, during time part in the plants the secondary metabolites leaves, soil activity microbiological and the fresh and dry matter root and shoot and, root length from seedlings. For the growth and development of jabuticaba Açú Paulista seedling recommend to use of side cover with shade cloth and top with transparent plastic, representing a gap forest condition. In orchard, for the growth and development of plants jabuticaba Híbrida tree it was recommended the use of side and top cover with shade cloth of some type. For production of secondary metabolites of leaves, the plant must to be full sunlight condition orchard.
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The most native fruit trees are belonging to Myrtaceae family, which it have as main marketing potential their fruit. Despite the wide acceptance of the fruits of these native fruit cultura, the establishment of commercial orchards is still necessary, because if it prevails extraction in the forest. To start the cultivo in the orchard, the first point is on the mother plant choice, which should provide superior characteristics when compared to other genotypes. Then, it is necessary to choose the method to can produce satisfactory amount of seedlings and preferably without it to lose the mother plant characteristics. For this, it adopts the asexual thechniques, with option for grafting, cuttings and air layering. These techniques when tested with native fruits tree, it proved limiting in theses results, with this, it should to test other it to recommend its use, especially, those fruit native of higher potential as jabuticaba tree, pitanga tree, sete capote tree and araça amarelo tree. The aim of this study was to test the use of asexual propagation through mini-cuttings in these native fruit trees, according to the time of collection, the mini-cutting length and concentration of IBA, as well as, it to relate the results of rooting with tryptophan extracted at certain times. The work was carried out at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil. The samples were collected each two months. The mini-cutting were prepared with 6 or 8 cm, with a pair of leaves reduced to 25% of the original size. The mini-cuttings had their base immersed in liquid solution of indole-butyric acid (IBA) in the concentrations of 0, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1 and then were placed in tubes containing commercial substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial 2 x 3 x 6 (mini-cutting length x IBA concentration x time of collection), with four replications, it being each plot varied according to the amount of shoots obtained by period time. After 120 days, the rooting and callus formation (%), average number of roots per mini-cutting and the average length of the roots were evaluated. After 60 days of these evaluations, the survival of mini-cuttings rooted after transplant was evaluated. It was evaluated also the production of mini-cuttings of each size in each period time. At the end of the experiment it was evaluated the percentage of survival of mother plantlets. For analysis of tryptophan was used materials branches, leaves and twigs with leaves, taken from the materials used for the production of mini-cutting. It was recommended for hybrid jabuticaba tree the use mini-cutting with eight cm, treated with 6000 mg L-1 of IBA and collected in June. For jabuticaba tree of cabinho and araça amarelo tree the period for propagation by mini-cuttings should be in August, regardless of IBA concentration and length of the mini-cutting. In the jabuticaba tree sabara and sete capote tree is important to obtain more satisfactory results realized the collect in October or December, with the same independence of other levels tested in other factors. However, for sete capote tree should test other techniques to increase the efficiency of propagation. And with pitanga tree recommended to the collection in June, but with 6cm the application of 3000 mg L-1 of IBA and 8 cm with 6000 mg L-1 of IBA.
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The instability of environment between years in climates of subtropical regions difficult to obtain peach trees genotypes with wide adaptation and stable production, contributing to poor crop. The climate instability can affect development stages as flower bud and vegetative bud formation. The factors understanding that control the bud formation, presents elementary importance for effective solutions search to these problems. The objective this work is verify the temperature effect, relative humidity and rainfall on bud density and length shoot (Brindilas) and identify genotypes with more adaptability and stability for this character. Was used 12 peach trees genotypes growing in experimental orchard in the Technology Federal of Paraná State University, Campus Pato Branco with Cfa Köppen climate according to the classification. Data of rainfall, hourly temperature were collected by the weather station of Simepar. They were used three plants for genotype (rehearsal), identify five shoots per tree, in May of each year. Were carried analyzes of length shoot CR (cm), count number of flower bud (GF) and vegetative bud (GV). Also calculated the relationship between GF/GV and flower bud density and vegetative bud density. Evaluations were performer annual 2007-2014. With these data adaptability and stability analyzes were performed using Biplot methodology and correlations analyzes (Pearson) with climates variables. They used the weather data to calculate the sums of hours with temperatures below 20 °C, temperatures between 20-25 °C, temperature between 25-30 °C and temperature above 30 °C, considering the period of August 1fst of the previous period to February 28 of the following year. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for path analysis, GF and DGF as basic variables. For CR, GV and GF the highest average occurred in 2009/10 period. The genotypes ‘BRS Kampai’ and ‘BRS Libra’ highest CR. They are considered stable and adapted as the CR genotypes ‘Casc. 967’ and ‘BRS Kampai’. There was negative correlation between CR and GV for Σh <20 ° C, Σh> 30 °C and Σh with URA <50% and positive correlation between these variables and Σh 25-30 °C and Σh with URA> 70%. The evaluation of GV ‘Cons. 681’ and ‘Casc. 1055’ can be considered adapted and stable. The lowest average was presented by the genotype ‘Sta. Áurea’ though the genotype is also stable. In GF evaluation genotypes are considered adapted ‘BRS Bonão’, ‘Casc. 1055’, ‘Cons. 681’ with adaptability to all evaluated period. In path analysis was direct effect Σh 25-30 °C on flower bud density. In evaluating DGV and DGF and the variations are due to genetic effect. The most adapted and stable genotypes for DGV were ‘T. Beauty’, ‘T. Snow’, ‘Casc. 1055’ and ‘Cons. 681’. CR and GV variables are strongly affected by environment. GF is strongly affected by genetic conditions and moderately affected by environment. DGV and DGF are affected basically by genetic conditions.
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The jabuticaba tree has great potential for commercial exploitation. However, its is very little used. This fact shows to be necessary to do studies that allow understand their growth behavior during the year and, if it is tolerant to frost. So that it can establish management strategies for cultivation in orchard. Other point, it is the fact that the long juvenile period of jabuticaba tree limits its use. However, many species have compound leaves that characterize them as functional compounds, what to posible its commercialization. If the leaf jabuticaba tree also present such nutraceutical compounds, this it may become an alternative source of income until the plant to start its yield. The objectives of this study were to analyze the growth behavior, the occurrence of flowering and fruit set, and the frost tolerance of jabuticaba tree genotypes present in the collection of Native Fruit from UTFPR – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. Associated growth analysis was made evaluation of genetic divergence among these genotypes, checking the adaptive behavior in orchard condition through adaptability and stability analysis based on growth measures to stem and shoots; estimating the repeatability coefficient of stem length of characters and primary shoots, and determine the minimum number of evaluations able to provide certain levels of prediction of the actual value of these individuals. Also determined the genetic divergence among genotypes as the leaves of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods, as well as the determination of total phenolics. The genotypes studied were put in orchard in 2009. The growth response in the three cycles was variable between months and genotypes, what it can be difficult the practices in the orchard if it do not use clones. Genotypes 'Silvestre' and 'Açú' showed greater width and leaf area compared with other genotypes, but such behavior is not favored for increased stem growth and primary shoots. Foliar increments in most genotypes occurred in the fall for leaf width, spring for length and leaf area, despite the winter also arise with genotypes, it showed superiority to width and leaf area. Most jabuticabas trees were juvenile stage with only four starting at its transition between the vegetative and reproductive phase. Tolerance to frost was observed in 26 families jabuticabeira of the 29 present in the collection. The diversity among the genotypes was to change with the time, already in each cycle, there was the formation of different groups by the methods used. The methods tested for adaptability and stability of the jabuticaba tree growth behavior did not show the same pattern in the results. The number of measurements needed to predict the actual value of genotypes based on variables evaluated was approximately one to the stem length and four for the shoots based on the method of main components of covariance with 90% probability. he antioxidant activity of the extracts of leaves of jabuticaba tree genotypes were demonstrated high when compared to other species by methods DPPH and ABTS, as well as the amount of phenolic compounds. Genotype 'Silvestre' and 'IAPAR' showed the highest antioxidant activity in the leaves. However, the genetic divergence among genotypes jabuticaba tree from collection of Native Fruit trees at UTFPR - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos for antioxidant activity leaves showed that they have great homogeneity among them and the low divergence. However, it is recommended as possible hybridization the use as parents, José 4, IAPAR 4 and Fernando Xavier genotypes.
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Introducción: la dieta hospitalaria deberá aportar la suficiente cantidad de energía a partir de una adecuada distribución de macronutrientes. Objetivo: determinar la calidad nutricional de las dietas hospitalarias. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Se realizó una valoración nutricional de todas las dietas hospitalarias y una estimación de las necesidades energéticas y proteicas del paciente hospitalizado. Finalmente, se valoró la adecuación del diseño nutricional y dietético de las dietas actuales teniendo en cuenta las necesidades nutricionales del paciente. Se consideró: "Dieta energética y proteicamente completa" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba por encima del percentil 95 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en los pacientes del centro; "Dieta energética y proteicamente potencialmente completa" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba comprendido entre el percentil 75 y 95 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en el centro; "Dieta energética y proteicamente incompleta" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba por debajo del percentil 75 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en el centro. Resultados: fueron evaluadas nutricionalmente 54 dietas destinadas a pacientes adultos. Fueron valorados un total de 201 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 71,60 (RIC 21,40) años y el 51,25% fueron mujeres. Sus necesidades energéticas fueron 25,84 (DE 2,55) kcal/kg peso/día o 1.753,54 (DE 232,51) kcal/día, el percentil 95 fue de 2.153,9 kcal/día y el percentil 75 fue 1.772,5 kcal/día. Las necesidades proteicas fueron 1,2 (DE 0,10) g/kg peso/día o 82,30 (DE 16,76) g/día, el percentil 95 fue 112,3 g/día y el 75 fue 91,8 g/día. El 25% de las dietas cubrían las necesidades energéticas de la población hospitalaria; una dieta cubría las necesidades proteicas. Conclusión: las dietas evaluadas no cubrían las necesidades nutricionales del paciente hospitalizado. La reestructuración actual logrará satisfacer sus necesidades nutricionales así como sus expectativas gastronómicas.
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Introducción: la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) afecta al menos a una cuarta parte de los pacientes hospitalizados, aumentando la morbimortalidad del paciente durante su hospitalización y al alta. Sin embargo, su repercusión en la actividad hospitalaria no está bien cuantificada. Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una adecuada codificación de la DRE y los procedimientos empleados para revertirla en el peso medio del hospital y otros índices hospitalarios. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo realizado en todos los pacientes subsidiarios de soporte nutricional artificial seguidos por la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética de la Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición (UNCyD-SEyN) del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León durante los años 2008 y 2013. Se realizó un informe de codificación nutricional del diagnóstico, el tratamiento nutricional y la vía de acceso según la CIE-9-MC. Se comparó el peso medio depurado del hospital, el índice de estancia media ajustada (IEMA), la casuística e índice de funcionamiento previo a la codificación nutricional y tras la misma. Resultados: el peso medio depurado del hospital se incrementó tras la codificación, tanto en 2008 (+ 4,1%) como en 2013 (+1,7%) y especialmente en aquellos servicios en los que se realiza cribado nutricional (Hematología, +10,5%). El IEMA se redujo por debajo de 1 (-5,7% y -0,2% en 2008 y 2013), indicando un mejor funcionamiento, y también disminuyó el índice funcional (-5,6% y -0,4% en 2008 y 2013), lo que supondría una mayor eficiencia. Conclusión: la correcta codificación del diagnóstico y el tratamiento nutricional del paciente con desnutrición aumenta el peso medio depurado de un hospital de tercer nivel, y mejora el IEMA y el índice de funcionamiento.
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A produção de citrinos encontra-se amplamente disseminada por todos os continentes, representando uma atividade económica geradora de milhões de euros. As crescentes exigências dos consumidores conduzem ao aparecimento de novas variedades, em detrimento das cultivares tradicionais. A produção de tangerineira ‘Setubalense’ tem vindo a sofrer um acentuado declínio, mas os consumidores mais exigentes em aromas cítricos e fragrâncias intensas continuam a apreciar esta cultivar. Por isso, esta cultivar tem algum espaço comercial para mercados diferenciados em que se valorizam as cultivares tradicionais. Estas características e a sua época de maturação, que implica ser pouco afetada pela Ceratitis capitata, fazem da ‘Setubalense’ uma cultivar recomendável para o modo de produção biológico. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o padrão produtivo alternante e tendo por objeto de estudo um pomar de 5 anos de tangerineira ‘Setubalense’ enxertado sobre citranjeira ‘Troyer’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata L.], foi avaliada a composição da rebentação e da floração nos anos de safra e de contrassafra. A intensidade e as características da rebentação dependem do quadrante da árvore e do ano (safra ou contrassafra). Nos anos de safra a percentagem de nós rebentados oscila entre 67,6 a 79,5 %, que contrasta com os 25,4 a 28,2 % dos anos de contrassafra, função do quadrante analisado. Nos anos produtivos os rebentos formados são essencialmente florais e nos improdutivos quase exclusivamente vegetativos. A formação de elevado número de flores nos anos de safra conduz a uma intensa abcisão de órgãos generativos. O número de folhas formada por cada 100 nós é similar nos anos de safra e de contrassafra. Os resultados obtidos refletem o padrão alternante desta cultivar, evidenciando o cuidado particular que esta cultura tem de ter na sua condução.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variação genética e a seleção das melhores progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva, Astronium fraxinifolium e Terminalia argentea, quanto aos caracteres de crescimento, em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul. O teste de progênie foi instalado utilizando o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 28 tratamentos, quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela em linhas simples, no espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m. Aos 14 anos de idade, as progênies foram avaliadas quantos aos caracteres: altura (ALT); diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP); diâmetro médio da copa (DMC); forma do tronco (FT, escala de notas, variando de 1 a 5) e sobrevivência (SOB). Foram encontradas altas herdabilidades entre médias de progênies para os caracteres DAP (0,67), DMC (0,57) e forma do tronco (0,83), respectivamente. O ganho predito para DAP indica que a seleção baseada em informações, tanto de progênies, quanto de indivíduos dentro de progênies foram substanciais, o que denota uma boa perspectiva de exploração da variabilidade genética ao longo de um programa de melhoramento genético para as espécies estudadas, assim como o estabelecimento de estratégias para futura formação de um pomar de sementes.
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2016
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O Algarve é uma região com uma longa tradição frutícola, mas as espécies cultivadas têm vindo a alterar-se ao longos dos anos. Na segunda metade do século passado, o pomar tradicional de sequeiro, composto por alfarrobeiras, amendoeiras, oliveiras e figueiras, começou a ser abandonado e a área de citrinos teve um enorme aumento.
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Se realiza un estudio de corte transversal en el periodo de enero a septiembre del año 2016 en la unidad coronaria del Hospital San José Centro de la Ciudad de Bogotá; en pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria (Síndrome coronario agudo y angina estable) y antecedente de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, se recolectaron 42 pacientes con los criterios de inclusión a quienes se realizó angiografía coronaria como parte del protocolo de estudio y manejo de la unidad, el objetivo primario fue demostrar la posible correlación entre niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada y la escala de severidad SYNTAX Score I y II de enfermedad coronaria, como objetivos secundarios; caracterizar las variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades y posible relación con el tipo de presentación de enfermedad coronaria. Como hallazgos relevantes no se encontró correlación importante ni significativa entre niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada y la escala Syntax score II ni Syntax score I, a pesar de que la mayoría de pacientes mostraban mal control crónico de su diabetes mellitus tipo 2, con niveles mayores > 7%, como hallazgo positivo se encontro asociación estadísticamente significativa con niveles de LDL y las diferentes formas de presentación de enfermedad coronaria, a mayor niveles de LDL mayor probabilidad de IAM e IAM con elevación del segmento ST. Se considera que con estudios multicentricos en diferentes ciudades y unidades de cuidado cardiovascular con diferentes niveles de riesgo, se podría demostrar la posible correlación entre niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada y los grados de severidad de enfermedad coronaria representados por las escalas Syntax score I y II.
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O presente Relatório de Estágio surge no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, que decorreu no ano letivo de 2011/2012 na Escola Secundária André de Gouveia, em Évora. O objetivo do mesmo é aliar à componente científica que foi adquirida no Mestrado de Educação Física nos Ensino Básico e Secundário o trabalho desenvolvido enquanto estudante estagiário. Para tal, o meu trabalho foi auxiliado pelo Programa Nacional de Educação Física e pelo Projeto Educativo em vigor na Escola. Assim, foi realizada uma descrição do trabalho realizado durante o ano letivo e a respetiva reflexão crítica, tendo em conta quatro dimensões profissionais do professor, nomeadamente: dimensão profissional social e ética, dimensão de desenvolvimento do ensino e da aprendizagem, dimensão da participação na escola e relação com a comunidade e, por último, a dimensão do desenvolvimento profissional ao longo da vida; REPORT OF THE SUPERVISED TEACHING PRACTICE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE SECUNDARY SCHOOL/3 ANDRÉ DE GOUVEIA Abstract: This report comes under the Supervised Teaching Practice which took place in the school year 2011/2012 at Secondary School André de Gouveia, in Évora.The purpose of it is to combine the scientific component which was acquired in the Master of Physical Education in the Elementary and Secondary Education the work as a trainee student. To this end, my work was aided by the National Program of Physical Education and the Educational Project used in the school. Thus, a critical reflection of the school year was made, taking into account four professional dimensions of training of future teachers, namely: social professional and ethical dimension, development dimension of teaching and learning, participation in school size and relationship with the community and, finally, the dimension of professional development throughout life.
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A Prática de Ensino Supervisionada desenvolveu-se no Agrupamento de Escolas nº 4 de Évora- EB 2,3 Conde Vilalva e na Escola Secundária André de Gouveia, com as turmas do 8º ano e 12° ano respectivamente. Para elucidar o trabalho realizado ao longo do ano desenvolvi o presente relatório onde abordei a preparação cientifica, pedagógica e didáctica que permitiu um conhecimento dos alunos e do currículo; a Planificação e condução das aulas e respectiva avaliação que faz referencia ao planeamento por etapas e às vantagens do mesmo e ainda à forma como foram leccionadas as aulas; uma análise da prática de ensino; a participação na escola e as actividades desenvolvidas nas mesmas; e o desenvolvimento profissional com referências ás competências que o professor deve assumir dentro da comunidade escolar. Com os parâmetros acima referidos demonstra-se a grande importância que o estágio teve na aquisição das competências essenciais inerentes à docência. ABSTRACT: Supervised Teaching Practice was developed in School Cluster nº 4 of Évora Elementary School Conde Vilalva and in Secondary School André de Gouveia, with classes of 8th and 12th grade, respectively. To elucidate the work I done over this school year, I developed this report which discussed the scientific, educational and teaching preparation, allowing an understanding of students and the curriculum; the planning and conduct of lessons and their assessment that refers to the planning stages, and to advantage of it and, on the other hand, the way that were taught lessons; an analysis of teaching practice; participation in school and activities carried therein; and professional development with reference to the competences that the teacher should take within the school community. With the above parameters is shown the importance of this stage in the acquisition of essential skills related to teaching.