1000 resultados para plântulas
Resumo:
Plantas de cobertura, além dos aspectos positivos que abrangem a conservação do solo e a ciclagem de nutrientes, controlam plantas daninhas.
Resumo:
Com o objetivo de conhecer os sítios de reservas de carboidratos, foram determinadas as quantidades de amido, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores em amostras de sementes, de cotilédones, raízes, epicótilos e folhas de plântulas de cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild. ex. Spreng.) Schum.). As plântulas foram oriundas de sementes expostas antes da semeadura a 16°±2°C e 65±5 % UR, por 48, 72, 240 e 480 horas, e a 21°±2°C e 45±5 % UR, por 48 e 72 horas, comparadas com outras provenientes de sementes semeadas imediatamente após o despolpamento manual ou mecânico. A maior fonte de reservas de carboidratos nas sementes foi o amido (13,2 %), seguido de açúcares solúveis totais (8,1 %) e redutores (0,3 %). Aos 30 dias após a semeadura, os cotilédones continuavam sendo os principais sítios de reservas de amido, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura, as reservas de carboidratos nos cotilédones eram mínimas, açúcares solúveis totais (0,21 %) e redutores (0,08 %) e amido (0,05 %). Ao final do estudo, os principais sítios de reservas de amido, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores foram os epicótilos, raízes e epicótilos, respectivamente.
Resumo:
Este estudo objetivou quantificar as reservas de proteínas solúveis e aminoácidos livres em sementes e em cotilédones, raízes, epicótilos e folhas de plântulas de cupuaçuzeiro (Theobronza grandiflorum (Willd. ex.Spreng.) Schum.). As amostragens de sementes foram realizadas após o despolpamento, assim como antes e depois de expô-las a 16 ± 2 °C e 65 ± 2 % UR, por 48, 72, 240 e 480 horas, e a 21 ± 2 °C e 45 ± 2 % UR, por 48 e 72 horas; e das partes estruturais das plântulas aos 30, 45 e 90 dias após a semeadura. Conclui-se que: a) a desidratação de sementes de cupuaçuzeiro provoca redução nos teores médios de proteínas solúveis e aumento nos de aminoácidos livres; b) as proteínas solúveis, com 23,6 % do total de peso seco da biomassa, são as maiores fontes de reservas nas sementes de cupuaçuzeiro, enquanto os aminoácidos livres representam apenas 1 % desse total; c) aos 30 e 90 dias após a semeadura, os cotilédones são os principais locais de reservas de proteínas solúveis e aminoácidos livres.
Resumo:
Neste trabalho, analisaram-se os efeitos das temperaturas constantes (20; 25; 30; 35 e 40 °C) e alternadas (20-40; 25-40; 20-35 e 25-35 °C), da luz (0; 6; 12; 18 e 24 horas) e dos estresses osmótico (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 a-1,2 MPa) e salino (0; 25; 75; 150 e 300 mM), e da profundidade de semeadura (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 e 10 cm) sobre a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência de plântulas de puerária e de malva. As sementes de puerária germinaram, satisfatoriamente, sob condições de temperaturas constantes e alternadas. Para a malva, a temperatura constante de 40 °C foi restritiva à germinação e, nas temperaturas alternadas, a germinação foi superior a 85%. Não houve efeito do tempo de duração da luz. As sementes de malva apresentaram maior germinação em condições de estresse osmótico e foram mais tolerantes à salinidade. As sementes de puerária tiveram maior capacidade para emergir a profundidades que variaram de 0 a 10 cm.
Resumo:
A mosca minadora Liriomyza sativae vem causando sérios prejuízos a diversas culturas de hortaliças, perfurando e abrindo minas nas folhas. Quando o ataque é intenso, há sêca e queda das folhas de plantas desenvolvidas; em plântulas pode ocasionar a morte. Com o objetivo de testar o efeito do uso de armadilha adesiva amarela e do piretroide Decis na redução da mortalidade em plântulas de pepino, foi instalado no campus do CNPDA um experimento em blocos casualizados, com 6 repetições, constando dos seguintes tratamentos: Armadilha passada diariamente, Decis aplicado semanalmente, armadilha diária + Decis semanal e testemunha. O pepino foi foi plantado no espaçamento 1,0 x 0,5 m, cada medindo 6,0 x 3,0 m, com 72 covas. As medias de mortalidades em plântulas/tratamentos foram 5,33, 18,16, 16,66, e 29,66 respectivamente. Não há diferenças significativas ao nível de 5% pelo teste SNK, entre os tratamentos, mas a testemunha diferiu de modo significativo em relação ao tratamento passagem de armadilha. As aplicações de Decis não resultaram em redução significativa da mortalidade em relação a testemunha, talvez devido ao desenvolvimento de resistência dos minadores ao produto.
Resumo:
O Abiu [Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk.] é uma espécie arbórea frutífera com o consumo difundido principalmente nos estados do Acre, Amapá e Pará. O objetivo foi avaliar aspectos biométricos de frutos e sementes e a influência do sombreamento na emergência de plântulas de abiu. Foram coletados 50 frutos, em Santa Bárbara (PA) e, foram realizadas mensurações do comprimento, diâmetro, massa, e contagem do número de sementes por fruto. Posteriormente, foram separadas 100 sementes e mediu-se o comprimento, largura e a espessura. Para estudar a influência do nível de sombreamento na emergência foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: pleno sol, 30, 50 e 70%, constando de quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Foram avaliados a porcentagem e o tempo médio de emergência. Os aspectos biométricos de frutos e sementes foram submetidos à análise descritiva e a porcentagem de emergência e tempo médio submetidas à análise de variância. Os frutos apresentaram tamanho médio igual a 58,99 e 51,66 mm para comprimento e diâmetro, respectivamente. As sementes apresentaram tamanho médio igual a 36,01; 16,06; 13,61 mm para comprimento, largura e espessura, respectivamente. Para a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, entretanto para o tempo médio os níveis de sombreamento foram menores diferindo estatisticamente em relação ao pleno sol.
Resumo:
2016
Resumo:
2016
Resumo:
2016
Resumo:
No Tillage system is fully incorporated to farming in the region of Campos Gerais, state of Paraná. Accuracy and precision in the planting process are items of great importance for the success of this system. In order to evaluate the planting process, thirty eight farms were selected as sites for analysis of the placement depth of seeds. The research area was 4 or 5 planting rows, evaluating 10 plantlets per row. The average seed depth was around 46 mm, and significant differences between rows were observed in 21 areas. The average coefficient of variation was around 20%, the statistical limit between medium and high. Analyses of other parameters show that those coefficients may represent different errors in the process. The planting process in Campos Gerais can be considered efficient regarding to the average seed depth. However, the analysis of variability implies de need of actions concerning to anthropic and machinery factors.
Resumo:
Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.
Resumo:
Somatic embryogenesis represents a valuable tool for the studies on the basic aspects of plant embryo development. Today this process is used as a potencial technique for large-scale plant micropropagation although, so far, it has been applied to only a small number of species. However, when somatic embryos are malformed they are considered economically useless. In Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret, an important fruit-producing crop, large amounts of anomalous somatic embryos (76.3%) were found just after 40 days of culture of explants in a 2,4-D containing medium. Among the anomalous forms found in the cotiledonary stage, 12.2% consisted of fused embryos, 40.4% displayed fused cotyledons, 13.0% presented supernumerary cotyledons, and 10.7% showed absence or poorly developed cotyledons, including those without the shoot apical meristem. Histological analyses indicated that the altered embryos were formed either directly from cotyledons, hypocotyl and radicle of the zygotic embryos used as explants, or indirectly from calli formed from these tissue parts. It is suggested that the formation of anomalous somatic embryos, as well as a low frequency of conversion into emblings reflect physiological and/or genetic disturbances triggered by the presence of 2,4-D in the medium. In vitro experimental alternative approaches are discussed in order to lessen the occurrence of malformed somatic embryos.
Resumo:
The γ-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) is a non-protein amino acid found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its role in plant development has not been fully established. This study reports a quantification of the levels of endogenous Gaba, as well as investigation of its role in different stages of somatic embryogenesis in Acca sellowiana Berg. (Myrtaceae). Zygotic embryos were used as explants and they were inoculated into the culture medium contained different concentrations of Gaba (0,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 µM). The highest concentrations of endogenous Gaba were detected between the third and nine days after inoculation, reaching the value of 12.77 µmol.g-1FW. High frequency of somatic embryogenesis was observed in response to 10 µM Gaba. This treatment also resulted in a large number of normal embryos, and the lowest percentage of formation of fused somatic embryos, phenotypic characteristic of most deformed embryos in all treatments. Also, all treatments promoted the formation of the somatic embryos with positive characteristics of development resumption, which however did not originate the seedlings.
Resumo:
Physiological and biochemical aspects of assai palm during seed germination and early seedling growth were investigated. Seeds collected from plants growing in flooded and upland forests were used to determine the influence of normoxic (aerobic) and anoxic (anaerobic) conditions in germination and the initial and average time of development in the roots and shoots. After 75 days, seedlings germinated under normoxia were transferred to trays and submitted to flooding. Seed reserves (lipids, proteins, soluble sugars and starch) were monitored for quiescent and germinated seeds maintained under normoxic and anoxic conditions, as well as after 5, 10 and 20 days of seedling growth. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was quantified in roots and leaves of seedlings without or with flooding (partial and total). Seeds were not able to germinate under anoxia. Different strategies of storage mobilization of lipids, proteins, soluble sugars and starch were observed in seeds of each environment. ADH activity was induced by anoxia, with the highest level observed in the leaves. This study showed that, under normoxic conditions, the best developmental performance of assai palm seeds, from flooded or upland forest areas, during germination was associated with primary metabolites mobilization and seedling flooding tolerance with increased ADH activity. We conclude that the assai palm is well adapted to the anoxic conditions provoked by flooding.
Resumo:
We investigated the inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. on lettuce germination and early seedling growth. We compared the effects of four concentrations (100, 75, 50 and 25%) of each extract to water and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution controls for four replicates of 50 seeds tor germination and four replicates of ten seedlings for seedling growth. The inhibitory effects of E. leiocarpa extracts on the percentage of germination and on the germination speed seemed to be inure than simply an osmotic effect, except for the percentage of seeds germinated in bark extracts. When compared to water control. both bark and leaf extracts delayed germination, and leaf extracts also affected the percentage of germinated seeds. Leaf ex tracts of all concentrations strongly inhibited the development of seedlings and caused them some degree of abnormality; bark extracts also caused abnormalities and reduced seedling growth. Root development was more sensitive to the extracts than hypocotyl growth. The negative effects of leaf extracts on germination and seedling growth were more pronounced than those of bark extracts, and the overall effects of both extracts were positively correlated with extract concentrations.