Looking for BSM physics using top-quark polarization and decay-lepton kinematic asymmetries

We explore beyond-standard-model (BSM) physics signatures in the l + jets channel of the t (t) over bar pair production process at the Tevatron and the LHC. We study the effects of BSM physics scenarios on the top-quark polarization and on the kinematics of the decay leptons. To this end, we construct asymmetries using the lepton energy and angular distributions. Further, we find their correlations with the top polarization, net charge asymmetry and top forward-backward asymmetry. We show that when used together, these observables can help discriminate effectively between SM and different BSM scenarios, which can lead to varying degrees of top polarization at the Tevatron as well as the LHC. We use two types of colored mediator models to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed observables, an s-channel axigluon and a u-channel diquark.

Longitudinal top polarisation measurement and anomalous Wtb coupling

Kinematical distributions of decay products of the top quark carry information on the polarisation of the top as well as on any possible new physics in the decay of the top quark. We construct observables in the form of asymmetries in the kinematical distributions to probe their effects. Charged-lepton angular distributions in the decay are insensitive to anomalous couplings to leading order. Hence these can be a robust probe of top polarisation. However, these are difficult to measure in the case of highly boosted top quarks as compared to energy distributions of decay products. These are then sensitive, in general, to both top polarisation and top anomalous couplings. We compare various asymmetries for their sensitivities to the longitudinal polarisation of the top quark as well as to possible new physics in the Wtb vertex, paying special attention to the case of highly boosted top quarks. We perform a chi(2) analysis to determine the regions in the plane of longitudinal polarisation of the top quark and the couplings of the Wtb vertex constrained by different combinations of the asymmetries. Moreover, we find that the use of observables sensitive to the longitudinal top polarisation can add to the sensitivity to which the Wtb vertex can be probed.

Longitudinal top polarisation measurement and anomalous Wtb coupling

Kinematical distributions of decay products of the top quark carry information on the polarisation of the top as well as on any possible new physics in the decay of the top quark. We construct observables in the form of asymmetries in the kinematical distributions to probe their effects. Charged-lepton angular distributions in the decay are insensitive to anomalous couplings to leading order. Hence these can be a robust probe of top polarisation. However, these are difficult to measure in the case of highly boosted top quarks as compared to energy distributions of decay products. These are then sensitive, in general, to both top polarisation and top anomalous couplings. We compare various asymmetries for their sensitivities to the longitudinal polarisation of the top quark as well as to possible new physics in the Wtb vertex, paying special attention to the case of highly boosted top quarks. We perform a chi(2) analysis to determine the regions in the plane of longitudinal polarisation of the top quark and the couplings of the Wtb vertex constrained by different combinations of the asymmetries. Moreover, we find that the use of observables sensitive to the longitudinal top polarisation can add to the sensitivity to which the Wtb vertex can be probed.

Electron-hole asymmetry in the electron-phonon coupling in top-gated phosphorene transistor

Using in situ Raman scattering from phosphorene channel in an electrochemically top-gated field effect transistor, we show that phonons with A(g) symmetry depend much more strongly on concentration of electrons than that of holes, wheras phonons with B-g symmetry are insensitive to doping. With first-principles theoretical analysis, we show that the observed electon-hole asymmetry arises from the radically different constitution of its conduction and valence bands involving pi and sigma bonding states respectively, whose symmetry permits coupling with only the phonons that preserve the lattice symmetry. Thus, Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool for measuring electron concentration in phosphorene-based nanoelectronic devices.

Modeling Study on the Characteristics of Laminar and Turbulent Argon Plasma Jets Impinging Normally upon a Flat Plate in Ambient Air

Modeling study is performed to compare the flow and heat transfer characteristics of laminar and turbulent argon thermal-plasma jets impinging normally upon a flat plate in ambient air. The combined-diffusion-coefficient method and the turbulence-enhanced combined-diffusion-coefficient method are employed to treat the diffusion of argon in the argon-air mixture for the laminar and the turbulent cases, respectively. Modeling results presented include the flow, temperature and argon concentration fields, the air mass flow-rates entrained into the impinging plasma jets, and the distributions of the heat flux density on the plate surface. It is found that the formation of a radial wall jet on the plate surface appreciably enhances the mass flow rate of the ambient air entrained into the laminar or turbulent plasma impinging-jet. When the plate standoff distance is comparatively small, there exists a significant difference between the laminar and turbulent plasma impinging-jets in their flow fields due to the occurrence of a large closed recirculation vortex in the turbulent plasma impinging-jet, and no appreciable difference is found between the two types of jets in their maximum values and distributions of the heat flux density at the plate surface. At larger plate standoff distances, the effect of the plate on the jet flow fields only appears in the region near the plate, and the axial decaying-rates of the plasma temperature, axial velocity and argon mass fraction along the axis of the laminar plasma impinging-jet become appreciably less than their turbulent counterparts.

Efecto de tres periodos de suministro de alimento de retiro en broilers en la Empresa Tip-Top industrial, S.A.

En el presente estudio se evaluaron tres periodos de alimento de retiro o acabado en broilers (o, 3, 6 y 9 días antes de la matanza) el cual contiene 3,225 kcal EM/kg de alimento y 19% de proteína, ajustándose a los requerimientos nutricionales recomendados por Arbor Acres Farm Inc., (1992), en especial a la proporción energia-proteina. La evaluación tuvo lugar en la Granja Buenos Aires propiedad de la Empresa Tip-Top Industrial, S.A., con una duración de 42 días, en donde se utilizaron 800 pollos de engorde sin sexar (mixtos) de la línea Peterson-Arbor Acres de un día de edad, dichos pollos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro tratamientos: T1 suministro de alimento de retiro por nueve días), T2 suministro de alimento de retiro por seis días), T3, (Suministro de alimento de retiro por tres días) y T4 (testigo, con cero días de alimento de retiro), con cuatro repeticiones cada uno, distribuidos en un Diseño completamente al Azar sometidos a la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan. Las variables estudiadas fueron: consumo de alimento, peso vivo, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, mortalidad vs viabilidad, rendimiento en la canal, análisis económico. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) entre los tratamientos al final del ensayo para el consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y costo de alimento, pero no así ara peso vivo y ganancia de peso. El porcentaje de mortalidad acumulada total fue de 2.5% y los rendimientos de la canal fueron: (90.74)T1 (88.98)T2, (85.86)T3,y (90.31)T4, Se corolo que el periodo de suministro de alimento de retiro que permitió los mejores pesos vivos, ganancias de pesos y conversiones alimenticias fue el periodo de tres días (T3), sin embargo, obtuvo el mayor consumo total para generar un peso promedio en la canal de 3.34 lbs, además, presentó el mayor costo alimenticio entre los tratamientos experimentales (T1, T2, T3) y bajo rendimiento en la canal, contrario al T1 que aunque los parámetros productivos fueron menores que el T3 obtuvo el mayor rendimiento en la canal con un menor costo alimenticio. El alimento de retiro no ejerció efecto sobre las variables estudiadas lo que demuestra que dicho alimento pueda ser una alternativa viable para disminuir costo alimenticio.

Coherent Structures in Transition of a Flat-Plate Boundary Layer at Ma=0.7

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a spatially evolving flat-plate boundary layer transition process at free stream Mach number 0.7 is performed. Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves are added on the inlet boundary as the disturbances before transition. Typical coherent structures in the transition process are investigated based on the second invariant of velocity gradient tensor. The instantaneous shear stress and the mean velocity profile in the transition region are studied. In our view, the fact that the peak value of shear stress in the stress concentration area increases and exceeds a threshold value during the later stage of the transition process plays an important role in the laminar breakdown process.

Implementación de HyD [Hidroxicolecalciferol (25-OH-D3)] en la dieta de pollos de engorde como profilaxis de osteopatías, enfatizando en el sindrome del hueso negro, Granja Trinidad-1, Tip Top industrial

El objetivo del experimento fue evaluar el efecto del Hidroxicolecalciferol [HyD (25 –OH- D3)] en pollos de engorde, atraves de porcentajes de ceniza, calcio, fosforo y diagnostico de síndrome de hueso negro, se evaluaron dos tratamientos ( HyD y Testigo) con seis repeticiones para cada uno en dos tiempos a los 21 y 35 días de edad en análisis de ceniza, calcio y fosforo para lo cual se extrajo una tibia por pollo, dichos análisis resultaron con diferencias no significativas en ambas edades, las evaluaciones dieron como resultado que de los 21 día a los 35 días disminuyen su valor, ceniza baja de 43.8% a 36.8% en el testigo y de 42.4% a 37.7% en HyD, calcio de 15.6% a 13.4% para el testigo y de 16% a 14.5% para HyD de igual manera para los porcentaje de fosforo de 21 a 35 días con 7.6% a 6.5% para testigo y 7.5% a 6.7% para HyD. A los 35 días los resultados son mayores en el grupo HyD, 37.7% HyD,36.8% testigo en ceniza, calcio 14.5% HyD, testigo 13.4% y fosforo 6.7% HyD , 6.5% para testigo, las diferencias de 21 a 35 días son notorias y conservan la parte proporcional en que los porcentajes estan en ceniza calcio y fosforo, pero estas disminuyen para una misma variable de los 21 días de edad a los 35, sin encontrar diferencia significativas. A los 35 días se realizo análisis de síndrome de hueso negro con un total de 22 repeticiones por tratamiento, la extracción de dicha muestra (tibia) se realizo en planta de proceso, el análisis determino diferencias entre las aves muestreadas dando los mejores resultados aquellas que fueron alimentadas con Hidroxicolecalciferol [HyD (25 –OH- D3)], se observo en los resultados que en el grupo con HyD alcanzo un 91% de individuos sanos superando significativamente al testigo que solo llego a un 77% de individuos sanos, empleando un grado de libertad y 0.05 de significancia, lo que indica diminución de la presencia del síndrome de hueso negro, producto del HyD, empleando la línea genética Cobb 500, y alimentando los pollos del día cero al día 21 con diferencias de tratamiento e igual alimento del día 22 al día 35.

Two-dimensional Cartesian air-gap element (CAGE) for dynamic finite-element modeling of electrical machines with a flat air gap

This paper extends the air-gap element (AGE) to enable the modeling of flat air gaps. AGE is a macroelement originally proposed by Abdel-Razek et al.for modeling annular air gaps in electrical machines. The paper presents the theory of the new macroelement and explains its implementation within a time-stepped finite-element (FE) code. It validates the solution produced by the new macroelement by comparing it with that obtained by using an FE mesh with a discretized air gap. It then applies the model to determine the open-circuit electromotive force of an axial-flux permanent-magnet machine and compares the results with measurements.

Advantages of top-gate, high-k dielectric carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

The subthreshold slope, transconductance, threshold voltage, and hysteresis of a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT FET) were examined as its configuration was changed from bottom-gate exposed channel, bottom-gate covered channel to top-gate FET. An individual single wall CNT was grown by chemical vapor deposition and its gate configuration was changed while determining its transistor characteristics to ensure that the measurements were not a function of different chirality or diameter CNTs. The bottom-gate exposed CNT FET utilized 900 nm SiO2 as the gate insulator. This CNT FET was then covered with TiO2 to form the bottom-gate covered channel CNT FET. Finally, the top-gate CNT FET was fabricated and the device utilized TiO 2 (K ∼ 80, equivalent oxide thickness=0.25 nm) as the gate insulator. Of the three configurations investigated, the top-gate device exhibited best subthreshold slope (67-70 mV/dec), highest transconductance (1.3 μS), and negligible hysteresis in terms of threshold voltage shift. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.