Critères de sélection et d'adaptation d'un instrument de mesure pour la recherche clinique

The goal of this paper is to provide clinicians and researchers, who may not be experts in psychometrics, with a guide for the selection and adaptation of an instrument for clinical research. Issues related to the concept to be measured, the targeted clientele, the selection criteria for the instrument (algorithm), the strategies for translation and adaptation, as well as potential bias related to the administration of an instrument are reviewed and discussed.

Inflammation palpébrale pseudotumorale. A propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique [Pseudotumoral eyelid inflammation. Apropos of an anatomo-clinical case].

A clinicopathological case of a 76-year-old male patient with a chronic inflammatory change of the inferior left eyelid is reported. The inflammation appeared as a reddish area of the inner part of the eyelid, without sharp limits, but with loss of lashes. Numerous local treatments did not to cure this condition. As some true eyelid tumors may mimic an inflammation during growth and, for example, sebaceous carcinoma may clinically present as chronic unilateral blepharitis, a surgical excisional biopsy was performed on this left eyelid. Its histopathological study showed a granulomatous inflammation, which was typical of a simple chalazion. This case clearly illustrates that the chalazion may not always appear as a limited nodular inflammation of the eyelid, but may have a more diffuse clinical presentation.

Papillome hyperkératosique de la paupière. A propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique [Hyperkeratosis papilloma of the eyelid. An anatomic clinical case].

A clinicopathologic case of an 80-year-old male patient with a single cutaneous tumor on the upper part of the left eyelid is reported. It was a grayish and pigmented mass covered with a thick keratin layer, well circumscribed, and exophytic. After surgical removal, histopathology showed that the tumor had a papillomatous pattern and was growing under a thick layer of hyperkeratosis. It was a typical squamous cell papilloma. This tumor belongs to the benign eyelid tumor group and can be found on the eyelids of elderly people.

Recherche-action et gouvernance clinique: l'exemple du projet "psychiatrie et migrants" du CHUV [Action research and clinical governance: the example of the project "psychiatry and migrants" at the Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois]

Action research is a useful instrument for the organization health care and the clinical governance of psychiatric institutions. What this type of research offers can be illustrated by the cohort study of migrant patients without health insurance who consulted the Department of Psychiatry of the Vaudois university medical center (CHUV) in 2008. While giving greater visibilty to the psychological suffering and social distress of these patients, the study also enabled the authors to determine which clinical procedures were actually offered to these patients and the amount these procedures cost the department. The small number of cases that were identified as well as their uneven distribution amongst the different services of the department suggest that considerable efforts must still be made to improve access for this population to public psychiatric services.

Fripon, bouffon, sot : pour une relecture de M. Bakhtine

Le philosophe et théoricien russe de la littérature Mikhaïl Bakhtine a discuté des fonctions du fripon, du bouffon et du sot dans son étude "Les formes du temps et du chronotope dans le roman". Pour Bakhtine, ces trois figures jouent un rôle important dans l'évolution du roman européen, dans la mesure où elles reflètent la démarche du romancier: plutôt que de prendre part à la vie, les fripons, bouffons et sots l'observent et la mettent à nu. Afin d'évaluer s'il s'agit toujours des mêmes concepts, ce triple paradigme est interrogé dans ce recueil à travers différentes traditions culturelles.