Multiple Roots of Systems of Equations by Repulsion Merit Functions

In this paper we address the problem of computing multiple roots of a system of nonlinear equations through the global optimization of an appropriate merit function. The search procedure for a global minimizer of the merit function is carried out by a metaheuristic, known as harmony search, which does not require any derivative information. The multiple roots of the system are sequentially determined along several iterations of a single run, where the merit function is accordingly modified by penalty terms that aim to create repulsion areas around previously computed minimizers. A repulsion algorithm based on a multiplicative kind penalty function is proposed. Preliminary numerical experiments with a benchmark set of problems show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Salmonella serovars isolated from humans in São Paulo State, Brazil, 1996-2003

Salmonellosis remains an important cause of diarrheal illness in humans in São Paulo State, Brazil. In this study were identified 3554 Salmonella isolates from human infections, during the period 1996-2003. Among 68 different serovars determined, S. Enteritidis was the most frequent one in gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections accounting for 67.4% of all isolates. S. Typhimurium and S. enterica subsp. enterica (4,5,12:i:-) were most frequently isolated from children aged < 1-4 year-old, in contrast, people with S. Enteritidis infections were most likely to be 20-50 year-old. In our geographic area the continued laboratorial surveillance of salmonellosis, including serotyping, has showed the trends in Salmonella serovars causing infections in humans throughout the time.

Testing Nelder-Mead Based Repulsion Algorithms for Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Systems via a Two-Level Factorial Design of Experiments

This paper addresses the challenging task of computing multiple roots of a system of nonlinear equations. A repulsion algorithm that invokes the Nelder-Mead (N-M) local search method and uses a penalty-type merit function based on the error function, known as 'erf', is presented. In the N-M algorithm context, different strategies are proposed to enhance the quality of the solutions and improve the overall efficiency. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm.

HIV Voluntary Testing among Portuguese Women Attending Family Planning Clinics: Implications for HIV Prevention Education and Testing

Objectives: The aim of this article is to analyze the factors associated with HIV testing among 767 sexually active women. Methods: Participants were administered several self-report questionnaires that assessed behavioral and psychosocial measures. Results: Overall, 59.8% of the participants reported ever having tested for HIV. Results show that higher levels of education, being pregnant or having been pregnant, concern about AIDS, AIDS knowledge, self-efficacy in condom negotiation and perception of no risk in partner significantly predicted the likelihood of testing among women. Attending the mass was negatively associated with HIV testing. Conclusions: These findings provide information that can be used in the development of a focused gender sensitive HIV prevention program to increase HIV testing.

Predictors of consistent condom use among Portuguese women attending family planning clinics

Women account for 30% of all AIDS cases reported to the Health Ministry in Portugal and most infections are acquired through unprotected heterosexual sex with infected partners. This study analyzed socio-demographic and psychosocial predictors of consistent condom use and the role of education as a moderator variable among Portuguese women attending family planning clinics. A cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered fully structured questionnaires was conducted among 767 sexually active women (ages 18–65). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between consistent condom use and the predictor variables. Overall, 78.7% of the women were inconsistent condom users. The results showed that consistent condom use was predicted by marital status (being not married), having greater perceptions of condom negotiation self-efficacy, having preparatory safer sexual behaviors, and not using condoms only when practicing abstinence. Living with a partner and having lack of risk perception significantly predicted inconsistent condom use. Less educated women were less likely to use condoms even when they perceive being at risk. The full model explained 53% of the variance in consistent condom use. This study emphasizes the need for implementing effective prevention interventions in this population showing the importance of taking education into consideration.

Critérios para o zoneamento agroclimático do eucalipto.

2009

Zoneamento agroclimático para o eucalipto no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

2009

Cardiopatia chagásica crônica no Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas. Relato de três novos casos autóctones, comprovados por exames sorológicos, clínicos, radiográficos do tórax, eletro e ecocardiográficos

São relatados três novos casos de miocardiopatia chagásica crônica em pacientes autóctones do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas, confirmados por sorologia (imunofluorescência, ELISA e Western-blot para infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi) e por exames clínicos, radiográficos, eletro e ecocardiográficos. Os pacientes nasceram e sempre viveram na região do Rio Negro, tendo sido picados numerosas vezes por triatomíneos silvestres em piaçabais da área. O quadro clínico foi de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e distúrbio da condução intraventricular nos três casos (BRD com HBAE em dois casos e BRE de terceiro grau em um caso), extra-sístoles ventriculares polimórficas em dois casos e alteração primária da repolarização ventricular em um deles. A avaliação ecocardiográfica revelou importante aumento dos diâmetros cavitários do VE, com fração da ejeção < 36% e padrão segmentar de acometimento miocárdico, incluindo aneurisma apical e acinesia ínfero-posterior nos três pacientes. Estes são os primeiros casos descritos de cardiopatia chagásica crônica autóctone do Amazonas com padrão ecocardiográfico sugestivo da doença.

Testing Nelder-Mead based repulsion algorithms for multiple roots of nonlinear systems via a two-level factorial design of experiments

This paper addresses the challenging task of computing multiple roots of a system of nonlinear equations. A repulsion algorithm that invokes the Nelder-Mead (N-M) local search method and uses a penalty-type merit function based on the error function, known as 'erf', is presented. In the N-M algorithm context, different strategies are proposed to enhance the quality of the solutions and improve the overall efficiency. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm. The main goal of this paper is to use a two-level factorial design of experiments to analyze the statistical significance of the observed differences in selected performance criteria produced when testing different strategies in the N-M based repulsion algorithm.

Validation of the Portuguese version of the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire

OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of translation and linguistic and cultural validation of the Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire for the Portuguese context: Questionário de Eficácia Clínica e Prática Baseada em Evidências (QECPBE). METHOD: A methodological and cross-sectional study was developed. The translation and back translation was performed according to traditional standards. Principal Components Analysis with orthogonal rotation according to the Varimax method was used to verify the QECPBE's psychometric characteristics, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha. Data were collected between December 2013 and February 2014. RESULTS: 358 nurses delivering care in a hospital facility in North of Portugal participated in the study. QECPBE contains 20 items and three subscales: Practice (α=0.74); Attitudes (α=0.75); Knowledge/Skills and Competencies (α=0.95), presenting an overall internal consistency of α=0.74. The tested model explained 55.86% of the variance and presented good fit: χ2(167)=520.009; p = 0.0001; χ2df=3.114; CFI=0.908; GFI=0.865; PCFI=0.798; PGFI=0.678; RMSEA=0.077 (CI90%=0.07-0.08). CONCLUSION: confirmatory factor analysis revealed the questionnaire is valid and appropriate to be used in the studied context.

Intraaortic balloon pump support during coronary angioplasty. Initial experience

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the intraaortic balloon (IAoB) in association with coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients. METHODS: Fourteen high-risk patients unresponsive to clinical therapy and with formal contraindication to surgical revascularization were treated by coronary angioplasty, most of which was followed by stenting. All procedures were performed with circulatory support with the IAoB. This study reports the early results and the late findings after 12 months of follow-up. Six patients had multivessel coronary disease; of these, four had left main equivalent lesions and two had unprotected left main coronary artery disease, one of whom had severe "end-vessel" stenosis and the other was a patient with Chagas' disease with single-vessel lesion. Eleven patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction <30%. RESULTS: In 100% of the patients, the procedures were initially successful. Two patients had severe bleeding during the withdrawal of the left femoral sheath. At the end of twelve months, 4 patients were asymptomatic and the others were clinically controlled. There were two late deaths in the 7th and 11th months. CONCLUSION: The combined use of the intraaortic balloon pump and percutaneous coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients with acute ischemic syndromes provides the necessary hemodynamic stability to successfully perform the procedures.

Pseudoaneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo associado a insuficiência mitral grave complicando infarto agudo do miocárdio ínfero-látero-dorsal

Descrevemos um caso de pseudoaneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo associado a grave regurgitação mitral, complicando um infarto ínfero-látero-dorsal. A lesão foi descoberta em ecocardiograma de rotina durante o seguimento ambulatorial. Destacam-se a estratégia cirúrgica bem sucedida, e a boa evolução clínica da paciente.

Preditores de letalidade hospitalar em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características clínicas e identificar potenciais fatores de risco para letalidade hospitalar em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Pacientes consecutivamente admitidos por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada numa unidade de terapia intensiva, de junho/2001 a dezembro/2003, foram selecionados e seguidos durante a internação. Características clínicas na admissão foram coletadas e avaliadas por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla como preditores de risco para letalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 299 pacientes, 54% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 69±13 anos. Doença arterial coronariana foi a causa principal da falência cardíaca em 49% dos casos. Diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica ocorreram em 37,5% e 78% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Na admissão, 22% dos pacientes apresentavam fibrilação atrial; 21,5%, disfunção renal e 48% dos casos, anemia (16,5% com anemia importante). Encontrou-se disfunção sistólica grave (fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo <30%) em 44% dos pacientes. A letalidade hospitalar foi 17,4%. Após análise multivariada, história prévia de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), fibrilação atrial, insuficiência renal, idade >70 anos e hiponatremia foram independentemente associados com letalidade hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes internados por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada em unidade intensiva apresentam letalidade hospitalar elevada. Neste estudo, variáveis da admissão puderam predizer letalidade hospitalar, como AVE prévio, fibrilação atrial, hiponatremia, insuficiência renal e idade >70 anos.