Nebraska Wind Power: A Comparitive Study of Knowledge and Attitudes

Abstract The goal of this project is to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Nebraskans on the issue of wind power. The point of this research is to learn whether the presence of wind power has a positive effect on a person’s knowledge about and attitudes toward wind power and wind turbines. Using mail surveys, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the towns of Pierce and Ainsworth Nebraska. The surveys aided in seeing patterns of knowledge about wind power and wind turbines and positive and negative attitudes and major concerns regarding wind power.

DRIVING AND RESTRICTIVE FACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE CREATION: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY IN BRAZILIAN TECHNOLOGY-BASED ENTERPRISES

The article aims to analyze the process of knowledge creation in Brazilian technology-based companies, using as a background the driving and restrictive factors found in this process. As the pillars of discussion, four main modes of knowledge conversion were used, according to the Japanese model: socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. The comparative case method through qualitative research was carried out in nine technology-based enterprises that had been incubated or have recently passed through the stage of incubation (so-called graduated companies) in the Technology Park of Sao Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Among the main results, the combination of knowledge was identified as more conscious and structured in graduated companies, in relation to incubated companies. In contrast, it was noted that incubated companies have an environment with greater opportunities for socialization, internalization and externalization of knowledge.

In Vitro Development and Cell Allocation After Aggregation of Syngeneic Wild Type and Fluorescence-Expressing Bovine Cloned Embryos

Background: The in vitro production (IVP) of embryos by in vitro fertilization or cloning procedures has been known to cause epigenetic changes in the conceptus that in turn are associated with abnormalities in pre- and postnatal development. Handmade cloning (HMC) procedures and the culture of zona-free embryos in individual microwells provide excellent tools for studies in developmental biology, since embryo development and cell allocation patterns can be evaluated under a wide range of embryo reconstruction arrangements and in in vitro embryo culture conditions. As disturbances in embryonic cell allocation after in vitro embryo manipulations and unusual in vivo conditions during the first third of pregnancy appear to be associated with large offspring, embryo aggregation procedures may allow a compensation for epigenetic defects between aggregated embryos or even may influence more favorable cell allocation in embryonic lineages, favoring subsequent development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro embryo developmental potential and the pattern of cell allocation in blastocysts developed after the aggregation of handmade cloned embryos produced using syngeneic wild type and/or transgenic somatic cells. Materials, Methods & Results: In vitro-matured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were manually bisected after cumulus and zona pellucida removal; then, two enucleated hemi-oocytes were paired and fused with either a wild type (WT) or a GFP-expressing (GFP) fetal skin cell at the 11th and 19th passages, respectively. Following chemical activation, reconstructed cloned embryos and zona-free parthenote embryos were in vitro-cultured in microwells, for 7 days, either individually (1 x 100%) or after the aggregation of two structures (2 x 100%) per microwell, as follows: (G1) one WT cloned embryo; (G2) two aggregated WT embryos; (G3) one GFP cloned embryo; (G4) two aggregated GFP embryos; (G5) aggregation of a WT embryo and a GFP embryo; (G6) one parthenote embryo; or (G7) two aggregated parthenote embryos. Fusion (clones), cleavage (Day 2), and blastocyst (Day 7) rates, and embryonic cell allocation were compared by the. 2 or Fisher tests. Total cell number (TCN) in blastocysts was analyzed by the Student's test (P < 0.05). Fusion and cleavage rates, and cell allocation were similar between groups. On a per WOW basis, development to the blastocyst stage was similar between groups, except for lower rates of development seen in G3. However, when based on number of embryos per group (one or two), blastocyst development was higher in G1 than all other groups, which were similar between one another. Cloned GFP embryos had lower in vitro development to the blastocyst stage than WT embryos, which had more TCN than parthenote or aggregated chimeric WT/GFP embryos. Aggregated GFP embryos had fewer cells than the other embryo groups. Discussion: The in vitro development of GFP cloned embryos was lower than WT embryos, with no effects on cell allocation in resulting blastocysts. Differences in blastocyst rate between groups were likely due to lower GFP-expressing cell viability, as GFP donor cells were at high population cell doublings when used for cloning. On a per embryo basis, embryo aggregation on Day 1 resulted in blastocyst development similar to non-aggregated embryos on Day 7, with no differences in cell proportion between groups. The use of GFP-expressing cells was proven a promising strategy for the study of cell allocation during embryo development, which may assist in the elucidation of mechanisms of abnormalities after in vitro embryo manipulations, leading to the development of improved protocols for the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos.

Ecological implications on the aggregation of Amblyomma fuscum (Acari: Ixodidae) on Thrichomys laurentius (Rodentia: Echimyidae), in northeastern Brazil

We investigated the Amblyomma fuscum load on a pullulating wild rodent population and the environmental and biological factors influencing the tick load on the hosts. One hundred and three individuals of Thrichomys laurentius were caught in an Atlantic forest fragment in northeastern Brazil, as part of a longitudinal survey on ticks infesting non-volant small mammals. Ticks (n = 342) were found on 45 individuals and the overall mean intensity of infestation was 7.6 ticks per infested rodent. Ticks were highly aggregated in the host population and the negative binomial distribution model provides a statistically satisfactory fit. The aggregated distribution was influenced by sex and age of the host. The microhabitat preference by T. laurentius probably increases contact opportunities between hosts and aggregated infesting stages of the ticks and represents important clues about the habitat suitability for A. fuscum.

Molecules of Knowledge: architettura, implementazione ed esempi

La tesi si propone di valutare la architettura del modello "Molecules of Knowledge", di realizzarne la sua implementazione su infrastruttura TuCSoN opportunamente verificata ed estesa, e di effettuare esperimenti di sistemi MoK in scenari applicativi come i news management systems.

Aggregation of hybrid molecules and film formation of colloidal monolayers

A unique characteristic of soft matter is its ability to self-assemble into larger structures. Characterizing these structures is crucial for their applications. In the first part of this work, I investigated DNA-organic hybrid material by means of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) and Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS). DNA-organic hybrid materials, a novel class of hybrid materials composed of synthetic macromolecules and oligodeoxynucleotide segmenta, are mostly amphiphilic and can self-assemble into supramolecular structures in aqueous solution. A hybrid material of a fluorophore, perylenediimide (PDI), and a DNA segment (DNA-PDI) has been developed in Prof. A. Hermann’s group (University of Groningen). This novel material has the ability to form aggregates through pi-pi stacking between planar PDIs and can be traced in solution due to the fluorescence of PDI. I have determined the diffusion coefficient of DNA-PDI conjugates in aqueous solution by means of FCS. In addition, I investigated whether such DNA-PDIs form aggregates with certain structure, for instance dimers. rnOnce the DNA hybrid material self-assemble into supermolecular structures for instance into micelles, the single molecules do not necessarily stay in one specific micelle. Actually, a single molecule may enter and leave micelles constantly. The average residence time of a single molecule in a certain micelle depends on the nature of the molecule. I have chosen DNA-b-polypropylene oxide (PPO) as model molecules and investigated the residence time of DNA-b-PPO molecules in their according micelles by means of FCCS.rnBesides the DNA hybrid materials, polymeric colloids can also form ordered structures once they are brought to an air/water interface. Here, hexagonally densely packed monolayers can be generated. These monolayers can be deposited onto different surfaces as coating layers. In the second part of this work, I investigated the mechanical properties of such colloidal monolayers using micromechanical cantilevers. When a coating layer is deposited on a cantilever, it can modify the elasticity of the cantilever. This variation can be reflected either by a deflection or by a resonance frequency shift of the cantilever. In turn, detecting these changes provides information about the mechanical properties of the coating layer. rnIn the second part of this work, polymeric colloidal monolayers were coated on a cantilever and homogenous polymer films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness were generated from these colloidal monolayers by thermal annealing or organic vapor annealing. Both the film formation process and the mechanical properties of these resulting homogenous films were investigated by means of cantilever. rnElastic property changes of the coating film, for example upon absorption of organic vapors, induce a deflection of the cantilever. This effect enables a cantilever to detect target molecules, when the cantilever is coated with an active layer with specific affinity to target molecules. In the last part of this thesis, I investigated the applicability of suitably functionalized micromechanical cantilevers as sensors. In particular, glucose sensitive polymer brushes were grafted on a cantilever and the deflection of this cantilever was measured during exposure to glucose solution. rn