Nutrição mineral e qualidade do fruto de algumas frutíferas tropicais: goiabeira, mangueira,bananeira e mamoeiro

Fruit quality is the result of the action of several factors, in particular the individual and combined effect of mineral nutrients. The proper evaluation of mineral nutritional requirements causes that fruit plants can express all their genetic potential. Thus, a research has been conducted in tropical fruit, for evaluating the influence of mineral nutrients on fruit quality; however, they appear dispersed. The objective of this review was to compile and report the effects of mineral nutrients on fruit quality of guava, mango, banana and papaya. Consequently, information about the influence of the essential elements in color, flavor, shape, size, appearance, penetration resistance, physiological disturbs disease incidence, physicochemical characteristics and lifetime of post - harvest fruit are presented.

Desgaste de dressadores de ponta única fabricados com diamantes cvd nacionais

This study attempted to observe the performance of three types of diamonds, two natural and one synthetic, to determine which features longer life and greater wear than the others. The methodology employed in this study was to dressed an aluminum oxide grinding wheel, and every twenty paces with a advance of depth dressing of 40 µm per passes, take an image of the tip in a horizontal position and the other in the vertical position of this diamond in a stereoscopic. Thereafter, the dresser was replaced in the rectifier to conduct a new dressing. The criteria to completion of the test was the spark generated by the grinding wheel contact with the base of the dresser, which indicates the end of the contact with the diamond wheel. After the tests, was calculated the areas worn of each diamond in accordance with each image obtained through the aid of a graphics software. The data were then arranged in graphs.

Sistemas autônomos de iluminacão pública em corrente contínua

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Estudo da viabilidade econômica da coleta seletiva e da compostagem dos resíduos sólidos do município de Guaratinguetá (SP)

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

A gestão de resíduos sólidos domiciliares: coleta seletiva e reciclagem - a experiência de Rio Claro (SP)

O estudo objetivou pesquisar a aplicabilidade de métodos alternativos para amenizar o problema da disposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Especificamente nesse trabalho os objetivos foram direcionados no sentido de desenvolver esforços para viabilizar a reciclagem e o reaproveitamento de materiais, medidas essas, que aumentarão a vida útil dos aterros sanitários. Além disso, procuramos fazer um trabalho de Educação Ambiental para a população envolvida, em uma tentativa de incentivar uma mudança de hábitos. Para tanto, foi selecionado um bairro da cidade de Rio Claro (SP), como um projeto-piloto, onde foram observados os obstáculos e os procedimentos acertados, para uma aplicação em futuros projetos.

Desenvolvimento de tratamentos térmicos visando ganhos magnéticos em aços com ultra baixa concentração de carbono

The relationship between the microstructure and the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, have been studied by different researchers who seek to employ electrical systems, increasing their life span and reduce their energy consumption. Following this same line the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory developed a new synchrotron light source, the Sirius, where magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability values are being studied for use in accelerator dipoles. The low carbon steel is a ferromagnetic material that has a great relationship between cost and magnetic permeability. Aiming to raise the values of permeability of the material, heat treatments were done and evaluated the magnetic properties, microstructure and mechanical properties to correlate them. It was noted that the thermal annealing were the most effective, and the annealing performed with a small time threshold, which only phenomenon observed was the primary recrystallisation, was the most elevated values of magnetic permeability of the material, due to the average grain size ideal achieved. The heat treatments do not guide the magnetic domains of the material and not influence the mechanical properties of the material due to lack of carbon in the microstructure. The annealing treatments were shown to be an alternative to raising the values of the magnetic permeability of the material and facilitate the implementation of ultra low carbon steel in the dipoles of Sirius

Uso de células-tronco para o tratamento de tendinite em eqüinos

Brazil has the fourth largest horse herd in the world, this is due the recognition and appreciation that the different equestrian games are having within the country. Injuries of the tendon, especially in the digital flexor tendon, are the main cause of athletic life reduction among horses. The treatment of tendinitis in horses seeks full recovery of the damage tissue reestablishing the function previously lost, however conventional treatments have proven to be ineffective when considered the quality of the scar tissue and the rate of recurrence. Due to this, the use of adult stem cells to the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries of horses has been studied for some time. This method of treatment consists of aspiration of bone marrow or removal of subcutaneous fat tissue and implantation of these cells in the injured tissue. After obtaining the bone marrow the implantation can be performed with total bone marrow, with the mononuclear fraction of MSC or with cells cultured in vitro. From the fat tissue is used the stromal vascular fraction obtained by collagenase digestion, followed or not by cell culture. According to some studies, cell therapy with material obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue has shown to be viable, given that these materials are abundant in repair components such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), growth factors and other components of the collagen matrix. Several studies using both types of cells have shown great potential and promising clinical results. However, knowledge of the biology and characterization of these cells remain largely unknown, and therefore is needed great care and caution when using stem cells for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in horses

Estudo da variação da porcentagem e da estimativa de geração de gás metano para o aterro sanitário do município de Rio Claro - SP

Increased demand for energy and the search for alternative energy sources are remarkable and current facts. The management of domestic solid waste is also part of the issue in view of the possibility of power generation in existing landfills, which could provide financial autonomy to the system of waste management and improve the environmental balance of landfills in Brazil, currently only used for final solids disposal. Landfill gas is a viable alternative energy source has been tested in landfills in the World and in Brazil. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the percentage of methane (CH4) present in three sinks of gases from a landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro – SP (Brazil), and to estimate the potential methane generation over its life through the application of a mathematical model. As a result it was found that in general the percentage of methane present in the gases is significant, between 50 and 62%. It was also noted that waste with disposal time between 8 and 12 months already are in the methanogenic stage. Finally, there was a tendency to increase the generation of methane in the transition periods of rain and drought

Proteção de motores elétricos de grande porte

Large electric motors require greater care when driving, especially during continuous operation since they are part of day-to-day manufacturing sector, acting essentially to ensure that no damage occurs to the production process and equipment that are part of the same system. This work includes the analysis of electrical protection in a system comprised of a three phase induction motor driven by a frequency converter as well as an analysis of the functions of a multifunction electronic relay. It is presented a comparison between the existing functions in a converter and a relay and a real case is described in order to exemplify the use of an electric motor and features that are aimed at their protection, and the system in which it is inserted. Based on the results, it is of great importance in this field of performance studies, generating relevant results, which may be exposed in order to unify into a single document, different sources of information that are arranged randomly, improve utilization motor and extend the life of equipment forming part of the electrical installation

Analise técnico-econômica de um gaseificador Downdraft e de filtros para limpeza de gás de síntese

The biomass gasification systems have been used for a long time and prove to be a good alternative to the generation of energy problems. This type of management requires a simple installation and maintenance which gives them a high availability. In Biomass project via Call CTEnerg 33/2006-1, funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT - Brazil, the Group Energy Systems Optimization – GOSE - at FEG - UNESP built and tested two prototypes of gasifiers. These is fed with 25 kg / h of dry wood (chips), and 50 Nm3 / h of air to produce gas at a flow rate of approximately 70 Nm3 / h of wood (syngas) at a temperature approximately 600 ° C. In this work of graduation, studies were conducted on the materials used in both the gasifier as well as cleaning the filter synthesis gases. The system of gas cleaning and conditioning is vital to ensure the life of the Internal Combustion Engine. In this case the studies of different filters for small gasification systems (properties, materials used, characteristics, types, etc.) are very relevant to its use in the prototype of the college campus. Were also performed a technical and economic analysis of a cogeneration system that consists in the combination of the downdraft gasifier studied in this work, an internal combustion engine, two heat exchangers and a SRA (absorption system refrigerator). Were calculated the costs of electricity generation, hot water and cold water. Finally, we analyzed the economic feasibility of the project

Sobre as considerações de uma concepção de um projeto de um forno cerâmico

The current competitiveness of the market has generated the need to minimize the cost of production companies in any field of activity, aimed at reducing the cost of production, the cost of purchasing and manufacturing processes interruption of manufacturing processes for possible maintenance. In this sense, companies are seeking methods to improve and streamline their production line. In ceramics industries, cooking the pieces is the portion of the production process that influences the total costs. The oven construction and maintenance represent a large portion embedded in the cost of the final ceramic product. The proposal for a type of oven for baking the parts that takes into account a better burning process, knowledge of the causes of disease and cost analysis of purchasing both of the constituent materials and labor for its construction, can be significant importance to the composition of final product costs or time analysis of ROI. It is proposed a streamlined design of an oven that takes into account the positive characteristics of the furnaces already built and that the experience has endorsed, and also others that are added at the end, lead to a reduction in production cost, the cost income and the number of pathologies arising from wear of the furnace along the lifespan. Therefore, according to the experiences gained over the years in the construction of furnaces and experience of manufacturing of ceramic, it is proposed a project that has an oven improvement over those now being built and that include, among other topics, economy in fuel burning, streamlining the building process

Incorporação de um sistema nobreak com ultracapacitor em um microcomputador

The objective of this work is to analyze the viability of incorporation in a microcomputer box of a nobreak with an ultracapacitor as energy storage device, substituting the conventional chemical battery. An advantage of this inclusion is cost reduction because a specific metallic or plastic frame won’t be necessary to protect the components of the nobreak; the microcomputer metallic frame offers the necessary protection for both equipments. Moreover, a large quantity of internal space of microcomputers box isn’t used, and is possible to use it to wrap up the nobreak. This work uses data about average power consumption of microcomputers; operation of switching mode power supplies for microcomputers; electrical and mechanical characteristics of ultracapacitors and operation of power circuits of nobreaks, with the purpose of present a study of energy storage capacity that an ultracapacitor should have to allow a safe switching off of a microcomputer in case of electrical network fail. It was noticed that the use of ultracapacitors is feasible to feed an 180 W load for 75 s, using a capacitive bank with sixteen ultracapacitors, with a total capacitance of 350 F and voltage of 10,8 V. The use of the proposed nobreak increases the reliability of the microcomputer by reducing the probability of user data losses in case of an electrical network fail, offering a high cost/benefit product. The substitution of the battery by an ultracapacitor allows a quick nobreak recharge, with low maintenance costs, since ultracapacitors have a lifetime bigger than batteries; beyond reducing the environmental impact, because they don’t use potentially toxic chemical compounds

Estudo da eficiência de reforços estruturais em vigas de concreto armado com o uso de chapas de aço coladas com resina epóxi: uma análise qualitativa

In civil engineering, a structure is the whole sustainment of a construction and, thus, it is important that it remains intact throughout its lifetime. An engineering construction must last for decades without losing its functionality. However its purpose may be altered and several times the original structure does not meet the new needs of use. Still, in new buildings, the functionality is altered due to possible flaws in execution and the structure, invariably does not reach the desired solicitation needs. In cases like this, the commonly adopted solutions are, basically, the demolishment followed by the reconstruction of the desired mold or the structural reinforcement. This second option, for long years, has not been put to practice due to certain factors such as the high costs for its implantation, use of inadequate reinforcement execution techniques, and the culture of people involved in the area regarding its use and, in this case, the option would always be the reconstruction. Thoughtout the years, some techniques were developed to allow the execution of structural reinforcements with low costs and in efficient ways. An interesting, fast, efficient and economical technique is the structural reinforcement through metal sheets put together with epoxy resin that can be applied in beams, slabs and pillars. In the present work the different behavior of beams reinforced with this technique. Steel is a very recommended material for these reinforcements due to its characteristics related to traction, compression and the effectiveness of the technique related to its cost. For the attachment the epoxy resin is recommended, since it allows the joining of two materials, in this case, steel and concrete. The efficiency of this union is so considerably high that it rarely produces any flaws in adherence and, normally, when it happens it is due to problems in the execution process, not in the union of materials

Análise de inconformidades em obras recentes

Due to the large number of pathologies in the civil constructions justified to highlight the reasons for problems encountered and subsequently the most appropriate way of implementing procedures for certain services performed in civil construction. The intention here is to explain each of the subjects studied, identify and distinguish the conditions presented in the post delivery of civil constructions from construction X, through research and company documents, and highlight steps of the executives of some services civilians highlighted in this work to minimize, or cancel, future maintenance. Studies will be conducted in a more narrow, focused more specifically in the most happening pathologies in the constructions and how to perform each service to prevent future problems with masonry (non-structural cracks and crevices), waterproofing, window frames and cladding. Thus, this study seeks to protect the building, using material technology and equipment, to allow an increase in the service time of the building,

Caracterização microestrutural de uma estrutura tubular aeronáutica submetida a sucessivos reparos de solda TIG

This work examines the possible effects of successive repair procedures on the microstructure of welded steel SAE 4130 by TIG welding process. Discussions and results were made about the metallographic analysis , non-metallic inclusions and microhardness tests , which were conducted on samples taken from the cradle engine component after the end of its life , a model airplane T-27 Tucano , made by EMBRAER and belonging were performed FAB . The choice of such component is due to the fact that this is critical to flight safety since it provides support for the aircraft engine . Thus regions of the weld metal , base metal and heat affected , with samples of the original weld bead , free of weld bead and also with four rework procedures for TIG welding zone were analyzed . It was found that after the fourth rework there is an increase in the amount of martensite , which may weaken the material with respect to resistance to fatigue. It was also found that the regions of the heat affected zone and weld metal have higher microhardness values when compared to those found in the base metal due to favoring the formation of ferritic and tempered martensite microstructures . Moreover, a welding process promotes a region with less non-metallic inclusions than metal base , which also explains the difference in the results obtained