Telenovela, folhetim eletrônico: tópicos para estudo da teleficção

O romance-folhetim, gênero que invadiu os rodapés dos jornais no século XIX e constituiu as bases de grandes clássicos da literatura, traz consigo marcas do melodrama, levando-o a ultrapassar os limites temporais do seu surgimento e se integrar aos recursos midiáticos e à performance teatral para dar origem a tramas que hoje se desenrolam diariamente na tela da televisão de milhares de telespectadores durante meses, em especial na América Latina. O romance-folhetim se perpetua através das telenovelas, principal representante da teleficção, que possui uma linguagem narrativa particular, mantendo as matrizes folhetinescas, e impondo-se como uma nova modalidade textual dentro do universo do entretenimento e da literatura industrial. Exemplo disso é a narrativa de Dancin days (1978), elencada como corpus para o estudo apresentado por essa dissertação, a fim de demonstrar a linha tênue que une a telenovela ao romance-folhetim, constituindo este uma matriz para as narrativas audiovisuais

Rio, cenas decisivas: teatro entre televisão, patrocínio e política

Baseado em estudos de casos e em discussões teóricas, este trabalho analisa as relações entre a estética, a produção e a recepção de uma vertente do teatro produzido no Rio de Janeiro que se propõe manter-se além do entretenimento. O critério para a escolha dos casos estudados é o da inteligibilidade das relações entre estética e contexto sócio-econômico, a partir das próprias referências e vivências do pesquisador enquanto também artista e produtor teatral. A abordagem do teatro como fenômeno estético e cultural que interage com o meio sócio-econômico vale neste trabalho tanto para o teatro da contemporaneidade quanto em suas discussões históricas. A universalização da TV, a falta de público pagante para a arte e a ainda recente resposta do Estado como financiador universal da cultura aparecem aqui intimamente ligadas à proliferação e transformação de poéticas teatrais, principalmente no que concerne ao trabalho do ator em cena, sua formação, e a concepção que ele tem de sociedade e de seu papel dentro dela. Esta mirada a partir do fazer teatral questiona o valor de limites fixos entre arte e indústria cultural, ao sugerir como problemática a definição de arte e cultura na contemporaneidade. As relações de mútua legitimação entre a indústria da televisão e o teatro na cidade são acompanhadas desde a sua descoberta pelo Teatro dos Sete, seu apogeu nos anos 70 e 80, e sua subsequente crise no final da década de 80, quando a simbiose se transformou em competição e a TV passou a ditar as regras do mercado de atores. Os espetáculos escolhidos para análise nesta ótica são justamente O Mambembe de 1959 e A Maldição do Vale Negro, de 1988. Em seguida o texto apresenta um resumo de observações e pesquisas sobre sociologia da cultura, a sócio-economia do teatro e as políticas públicas na França. The Flash and Crash Days, de Gerald Thomas, é o espetáculo escolhido para abordar o início da era dos patrocínios no teatro carioca. A última parte da tese procura juntar os resultados obtidos nos estudos e algumas análises a discussões atuais sobre o teatro no Rio de Janeiro, ao comentar possíveis relações entre a estética e o contexto na cena experimental da zona sul da cidade, e a mudança ideológica e de valores que acompanha a ainda recente mudança de modos de produção. O olhar do teatro como negócio é confrontado por uma alternativa que sugere a abertura de novas perspectivas, através da inclusão de novos sujeitos, como oportunidade de renovação da cena carioca

Maternal effects on fecundity and egg quality of the Patagonian stock of Argentine Hake (Merluccius hubbsi)

The influences of age, size, and condition of spawning females on fecundity and oocyte quality were analyzed for the Patagonian stock of Argentine Hake (Merluccius hubbsi). Samples of mature females were collected in the spawning area as part of 2 research surveys conducted in January 2010 and 2011, during the peak of the reproductive season. Batch fecundity (BF) ranged between 40,500 (29 cm total length [TL]) and 2,550,000 (95 cm TL) hydrated oocytes, and was positively correlated with TL, gutted weight, age, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and the relative condition factor (Kn). Relative fecundity ranged between 85 and 1040 hydrated oocytes g–1 and showed significant positive relationships with gutted weight, HSI, and Kn; however, coefficients of determination were low for all regressions. Dry weights of samples of 100 hydrated oocytes ranged between 1.8 and 3.95 mg and were positively correlated with all variables analyzed, including batch and relative fecundity. Multiple regression models created with data of the morphophysiological characteristics of females supported maternal influences on fecundity and egg weights. Within the studied size range (29–95 cm TL), larger individuals had better somatic and egg condition, mainly revealed by higher HSI and hydrated oocytes with larger oil droplets (275.71μm [standard error 1.49]). These results were associated with the higher feeding activity of larger females during the spawning season in comparison with the feeding activity of young individuals (<5 years old); the better nutritional state of larger females, assumed to result from more feeding, was conducive to greater production of high-quality eggs.

山东山旺中新世气候定量重建的综合研究

新生代以来，全球气候经历了一系列的冷暖交替，呈现总体变冷的趋势。对该时期不同区域气候变化过程的深入研究有助于我们更好地理解现今全球气候变化规律。中新世是新生代古气候与古环境演变的一个重要转折时期，定量重建山东山旺中新世气候是认识和理解中国东部与东亚新近纪气候演变的一个关键环节。 将化石植物作为气候代用指标，用于研究过去全球气候变化，已经广为国际科学界接纳。国际上，定量研究第三纪气候的植物学方法按照不同原理可以划分为两大类，其各自代表分别为基于化石的现存最近亲缘类群生态适应度推演古气候参数值的共存分析法（Coexistence Approch, CA ）和基于叶片形态特征与气候相关关系的叶缘分析（Leaf Margin Analysis, LMA ）与气候叶片多变量程序（Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program, CLAMP）。两大主流方法各有优势，也各有局限性。前人运用两大主流方法对山旺中新世植物群相同地层，同套数据的分析结果表明：LMA 和CLAMP 所估测年均温数值要显著低于CA 所估测的数值。其差异的原因既可能是LMA 和CLAMP 由于埋藏因素的影响造成估测值偏低，也可能由于CA 数据库数据主要来自于欧洲和北美而缺乏东亚的资料所致。 本论文提出了一种新的方法——分布区叠加分析（Overlapping Distribution Analysis, ODA ）对山旺中新世古气候进行定量重建。ODA 采用最近亲缘类群在叠加区间的气候参数来重建化石植物所生活的当时当地的气候。其详细步骤如下：1. 鉴定化石植物和认定它们的最近亲缘类群（尽量到种级水平）。2. 调查这些最近亲缘类群的分布数据（包括经度、纬度和海拔数据）。某些类群可能会有不止一个最近亲缘类群，须将这些最近亲缘类群的分布数据合并。3. 对分布数据分析，得出包含最多类群的最大叠加区间。4. 调查在最大叠加区间中气象站点的气候数据。5. 按照公式（1）和（2）来转换年均温数据TU=T0 - (HU -H0)×Γ (1); TL=T0 - (HL -H0)×Γ (2) 其中HU (m) 是海拔叠加区间的上界; HL (m) 是海拔叠加区间的下界; H0 (m) 气象站的实测海拔; T0 (ºC) 气象站的实测年均温; TU (ºC) 在海拔叠加区间气温的下界; TL (ºC) 在海拔叠加区间气温的上界; 系数Γ 为大气垂直直减率，年均温为0.5ºC/100m，最冷月均温为 0.45ºC/100m，最热月均温为 0.6ºC/100m。同样的方法，在海拔叠加范围内最冷月均温与最热月均温范围也可以确定，而降水量则采用气象台站的原始数据。6. 在这些转换数据的基础上，得出年均温，最冷月均温，最热月均温，年较差和年平均降水量波动范围。 ODA 分析结果表明：山旺中新世时期年均温为10.9-14.5oC，年较差为21.1-22.7oC，最冷月均温为-0.5-3.3oC，最热月均温为21.9-25.0oC，年平均降水量为1107.3-1880.0mm 。同时本论文还定量恢复了山旺硅藻土矿各层的古气候参数，其所估测的古气候参数数值与CLAMP 和LMA 的结果一致，而与CA 不同。对山旺气候参数的恢复表明，虽然其中新世年均温与现在相似，但最冷月均温要高于现在。 本项研究的创新之处是选择同一个研究地点（山东山旺），依据同一套数据（化石植物的类群资料），采用国际上以不同原理为基础的主流方法，同时加入我们自己提出的新方法，进行的古气候重建，对所获得气候参数值进行对比和验证，并对其存在的差异进行分析和探讨。

Habitat and diet overlap of 4 piscivorous fishes: variation on the inner continental shelf off New Jersey

Piscivorous fishes, many of which are economically valuable, play an important role in marine ecosystems and have the potential to affect fish and invertebrate populations at lower trophic levels. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the foraging ecology of piscivores is needed for ecosystem-based fishery management plans to be successful. Abundance and stomach contents of seasonally co-occurring piscivores were examined to determine overlap in resource use for Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; 206–670 mm total length [TL]), Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis; 80–565 mm TL), Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix; 55–732 mm fork length [FL]), and Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis; 422–920 mm FL). We collected samples from monthly, fishery-independent trawl surveys conducted on the inner continental shelf (5–27 m) off New Jersey from June to October 2005. Fish abundances and overlaps in diet and habitat varied over this study period. A wide range of fish and invertebrate prey was consumed by each species. Diet composition (determined from 1997 stomachs with identifiable contents) varied with ontogeny (size) and indicated limited overlap between most of the species size classes examined. Although many prey categories were shared by the piscivores examined, different temporal and spatial patterns in habitat use seemed to alleviate potential competition for prey. Nevertheless, the degree of overlap in both fish distributions and diets increased severalfold in the fall as species left estuaries and migrated across and along the study area. Therefore, the transitional period of fall migration, when fish densities are higher than at other times of the year, may be critical for unraveling resource overlap for these seasonally migrant predators.

Reproductive biology of Black Anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Gonadal morphology and reproductive biology of the Black Anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) were studied by examining 4410 specimens collected between June 2007 and December 2010 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Ovaries and testes presented traits common among fishes of the order Lophiiformes. Spawning occurred between November and March. Size at first maturity (L50) was 33.4 cm in total length (TL) for males and 48.2 cm TL for females. Black Anglerfish is a total spawner with group-synchronous oocyte development and determinate fecundity. Fecundity values ranged from 87,569 to 398,986 oocytes, and mean potential fecundity was estimated at 78,929 (standard error of the mean [SE] 13,648) oocytes per kilogram of mature female. This study provides the first description of the presence of 2–3 eggs sharing the same chamber and a semicystic type of spermatogenesis for Black Anglerfish. This new information allows for a better understanding of Black Anglerfish reproduction—knowledge that will be useful for the assessment and management of this species.

Fish movement patterns in Virgin Islands National Park, Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument and adjacent waters

NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)-Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s (CCMA) Biogeography Branch, National Park Service (NPS), US Geological Survey, and the University of Hawaii used acoustic telemetry to quantify spatial patterns and habitat affinities of reef fishes around the island of St. John, US Virgin Islands. The objective of the study was to define the movements of reef fishes among habitats within and between the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICRNM), the Virgin Islands National Park (VIIS), and Territorial waters surrounding St. John. In order to better understand species’ habitat utilization patterns among management regimes, we deployed an array of hydroacoustic receivers and acoustically tagged reef fishes. Thirty six receivers were deployed in shallow near-shore bays and across the shelf to depths of approximately 30 m. One hundred eighty four individual fishes were tagged representing 19 species from 10 different families with VEMCO V9-2L-R64K transmitters. The array provides fish movement information at fine (e.g., day-night and 100s meters within a bay) to broad spatial and temporal scales (multiple years and 1000s meters across the shelf). The long term multi-year tracking project provides direct evidence of connectivity across habitat types in the seascape and among management units. An important finding for management was that a number of individuals moved among management units (VICRNM, VINP, Territorial waters) and several snapper moved from near-shore protected areas to offshore shelf-edge spawning aggregations. However, most individuals spent the majority of their time with VIIS and VICRNM, with only a few wide-ranging species moving outside the management units. Five species of snappers (Lutjanidae) accounted for 31% of all individuals tagged, followed by three species of grunts (Haemulidae) accounting for an additional 23% of the total. No other family had more than a single species represented in the study. Bluestripe grunt (Haemulon sciurus) comprised 22% of all individuals tagged, followed by lane snappers (Lutjanus synagris) at 21%, bar jack (Carangoides ruber) at 11%, and saucereye porgy (Calamus calamus) at 10%. The largest individual tagged was a 70 cm TL nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), followed by a 65 cm mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), a 47 cm bar jack, and a 41 cm dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu). The smallest individuals tagged were a 19 cm blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) and a 19.2 cm doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus). Of the 40 bluestriped grunt acoustically tagged, 73% were detected on the receiver array. The average days at large (DAL) was 249 (just over 8 months), with one individual detected for 930 days (over two and a half years). Lane snapper were the next most abundant species tagged (N = 38) with 89% detected on the array. The average days at large (DAL) was 221 with one individual detected for 351 days. Seventy-one percent of the bar jacks (N = 21) were detected on the array with the average DALs at 47 days. All of the mutton snapper (N = 12) were detected on the array with an average DAL of 273 and the longest at 784. The average maximum distance travelled (MDT) was ca. 2 km with large variations among species. Grunts, snappers, jacks, and porgies showed the greatest movements. Among all individuals across species, there was a positive and significant correlation between size of individuals and MDT and between DAL and MDT.

Major and trace element analytical methods of the National Status and Trends Program: 2000-2006

This document contains analytical methods that detail the procedures for determining major and trace element concentrations in bivalve tissue and sediment samples collected as part of the National Status and Trends Program (NS&T) for the years 2000-2006. Previously published NOAA Technical Memoranda NOS ORCA 71 and 130 (Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1993; Lauenstein and Cantillo, 1998) detail trace element analyses for the years 1984-1992 and 1993-1996, respectively, and include ancillary, histopathology, and contaminant (organic and trace element) analytical methods. The methods presented in this document for trace element analysis were utilized by the NS&T Mussel Watch and Bioeffects Projects. The Mussel Watch Project has been monitoring contaminants in bivalves and sediment for over 20 years, and is the longest active contaminant monitoring program operating in U.S. costal waters. Approximately 280 Mussel Watch sites are monitored on biennial and decadal timescales using bivalve tissue and sediment, respectively. The Bioeffects Project applies the sediment quality approach, which uses sediment contamination measurements, toxicity tests and benthic macroinfauna quantification to characterize pollution in selected estuaries and coastal embayments. Contaminant assessment is a core function of both projects. Although only one contract laboratory was used by the NS&T Program during the specified time period, several analytical methods and instruments were employed. The specific analytical method, including instrumentation and detection limit, is noted for each measurement taken and can be found at http://NSandT.noaa.gov. The major and trace elements measured by the NS&T Program include: Al, Si, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Ag, Cd, Hg, Tl and Pb.

Age determination and growth of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) off the northeastern Brazilian coast

Age and growth of the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) from areas off northeastern Brazil were determined from 317 unstained vertebral sections of 182 males (113–215 cm total length [TL]), 132 females (111.5–234.9 cm) and three individuals of unknown sex (169–242 cm). Although marginal increment (MI) analysis suggests that band formation occurs in the third and fourth trimesters in juveniles, it was inconclusive for adults. Thus, it was assumed that one band is formed annually. Births that occur over a protracted period may be the most important source of bias in MI analysis. An estimated average percent error of 2.4% was found in readings for individuals between two and seventeen years. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) showed no significant differences between sexes, and the model derived from back-calculated mean length at age best represented growth for the species (L∞=270 cm, K=0.11/yr, t0=–2.71 yr) when compared to the observed mean lengths at age and the Fabens’ method. Length-frequency analysis on 1055 specimens (93–260 cm) was used to verify age determination. Back-calculated size at birth was 66.8 cm and maturity was reached at 180–190 cm (age 8) for males and 200–205 cm (age ten) for females. Age composition, estimated from an age-length key, indicated that juveniles predominate in commercial catches, representing 74.3% of the catch. A growth rate of 25.4 cm/yr was estimated from birth to the first band (i.e. juveniles grow 38% of their birth length during the first year), and a growth rate of 8.55 cm/yr was estimated for eight- to ten-year-old adults.

Individual growth rates and movement of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) in a tidal marsh nursery

We measured growth and movements of individually marked free-ranging juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) in tidal creek subsystems of the Duplin River, Sapelo Island, Georgia. Over a period of two years, 15,974 juvenile shrimp (40−80 mm TL) were marked internally with uniquely coded microwire tags and released in the shallow upper reaches of four salt marsh tidal creeks. Subsequent samples were taken every 3−6 days from channel segments arranged at 200-m intervals along transects extending from the upper to lower reach of each tidal creek. These collections included 201,384 juvenile shrimp, of which 184 were marked recaptures. Recaptured shrimp were at large an average of 3−4 weeks (range: 2−99 days) and were recovered a mean distance of <0.4 km from where they were initially marked. Mean residence times in the creek subsystems ranged from 15.2 to 25.5 days and were estimated from exponential decay functions describing the proportions of marked individuals recaptured with increasing days at large. Residence time was not significantly correlated with creek length (Pearson=−0.316, P=0.684 ), but there was suggestive evidence of positive associations with either intertidal (Pearson r=0.867, P=0.133) or subtidal (Pearson r=0.946, P=0.054) drainage area. Daily mean specific growth rates averaged 0.009 to 0.013 among creeks; mean absolute growth rates ranged from 0.56−0.84 mm/d, and were lower than those previously reported for juvenile penaeids in estuaries of the southeastern United States. Mean individual growth rates were not significantly different between years (t-test, P>0.30) but varied significantly during the season, tending to be greater in July than November. Growth rates were size-dependent, and temporal changes in size distributions rather than temporal variation in physical environmental factors may have accounted for seasonal differences in growth. Growth rates differed between creeks in 1999 (t-test, P<0.015), but not in 1998 (t-test, P>0.5). We suggest that spatial variation in landscape structure associated with access to intertidal resources may have accounted for this apparent interannual difference in growth response.

Reproductive dynamics of female spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in South Carolina

We describe reproductive dynamics of female spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in South Carolina (SC). Batch fecundity (BF), spawning frequency (SF), relative fecundity (RF), and annual fecundity (AF) for age classes 1−3 were estimated during the spawning seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Based on histological evidence, spawning of spotted seatrout in SC was determined to take place from late April through early September. Size at first maturity was 248 mm total length (TL); 50% and 100% maturity occurred at 268 mm and 301 mm TL, respectively. Batch fecundity estimates from counts of oocytes in final maturation varied significantly among year classes. One-year-old spotted seatrout spawned an average of 145,452 oocytes per batch, whereas fish aged 2 and 3 had a mean BF of 291,123 and 529,976 oocytes, respectively. We determined monthly SF from the inverse of the proportion of ovaries with postovulatory follicles (POF) less than 24 hours old among mature and developing females. Overall, spotted seatrout spawned every 4.4 days, an average of 28 times during the season. A chronology of POF atresia for water temperature >25°C is presented. Length, weight (ovary-free), and age explained 67%, 65%, and 58% of the variability in BF, respectively. Neither RF (number of oocytes/g ovary-free weight) nor oocyte diameter varied significantly with age. However, RF was significantly greater and oocyte diameter was smaller at the end of the spawning season. Annual fecundity estimates were approximately 3.2, 9.5, and 17.6 million oocytes for each age class, respectively. Spotted seatrout ages 1−3 contributed an average of 29%, 39%, and 21% to the overall reproductive effort according to the relative abundance of each age class. Ages 4 and 5 contributed 7% and 4%, respectively, according to predicted AF values.