Destruction-free parameter extraction for a physics-based circuit simulator IGCT model

This paper presents a practical destruction-free parameter extraction methodology for a new physics-based circuit simulator buffer-layer Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) model. Most key parameters needed for this model can be extracted by one simple clamped inductive-load switching experiment. To validate this extraction method, a clamped inductive load switching experiment was performed, and corresponding simulations were carried out by employing the IGCT model with parameters extracted through the presented methodology. Good agreement has been obtained between the experimental data and simulation results.

Floating-body SOI memory: Concepts, physics and challenges

We present an overview of the single-transistor memory cells (lT-DRAMs), which are based on floating-body effects in SOI MOSFETs. The typical device architectures, principles of operation and key mechanisms for programming are described. The various approaches (Z-RAM, MSDRAM, etc) are compared in terms of performance and potential for aggressive scaling. ©The Electrochemical Society.

Generation of conjugate meshes for complex geometries for coupled multi-physics simulations

Over recent years we have developed and published research aimed at producing a meshing, geometry editing and simulation system capable of handling large scale, real world applications and implemented in an end-to-end parallel, scalable manner. The particular focus of this paper is the extension of this meshing system to include conjugate meshes for multi-physics simulations. Two contrasting applications are presented: export of a body-conformal mesh to drive a commercial, third-party simulation system; and direct use of the cut-Cartesian octree mesh with a single, integrated, close-coupled multi-physics simulation system. Copyright © 2010 by W.N.Dawes.

Physics in fish processing technology

To design, develop and put into operation an equipment either to increase the productivity or to improve the existing technique to obtain a better quality of the product, the fishery engineer/scientist should have a comprehensive knowledge of fundamental principles involved in the process. Many a technique in fish processing technology, whether it applies to freezing, dehydration or canning, involves always a type of heat transfer, which is dependent to a certain extent on the external physical parameters like temperature. humidity, pressure, air flow etc. and also on the thermodynamic properties of fish muscle in the temperature ranges encountered. Similarly informations on other physical values like dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the design of quick trawlers and in quality assessment of frozen/iced fish, refractive index and viscosity in the measurement of the saturation and polymerisation of fish oils and shear strength in the judgement of textural qualities of cooked fish are also equally important.

Technological aspects of preservation and processing of edible shell fish 2. Influence of season on the chemical composition of crab (Scylla serrata)

The purpose of this communication is to bring out the influence of season on the chemical composition of crab, covering a period of 2 years. Changes in moisture, protein, water extractable nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, glycogen, lactic acid, fat and free amino acid composition of crab meat have been reported on a monthly basis.

Technological aspects of preservation and processing of edible shell fishes III. Factors influencing the keeping quality of crab (Scylla serrata) during freezing and frozen storage

The possible factors leading to the loss of flavour and general quality of crab during freezing and frozen storage have been studied. The preprocess ice storage condition of the raw material was found to be one such important factor while the fresh frozen crab meat remained in good organoleptic condition for about 51 weeks at -23°C, the 7 days iced material held frozen was found to have a shelf life of about 21 weeks. The fall in myofibrillar protein noted during frozen storage together with the loss of myosin ATPase activity correlated well with the loss of organoleptic qualities.

Technological aspects of preservation and processing of edible shell fishes IV. Comparative efficiency of different glazes in the preservation of frozen crab meat

The present work was undertaken to enlighten upon the comparative efficiency of different glazes in improving the quality of frozen crab meat (Scylla Serrata).

Technological aspects of preservation and processing of edible shell fishes V. Cold storage changes in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and clams (Villortia [i.e. Villorita] sp.)

The changes in chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic qualities of mussels and clams during freezing and subsequent frozen storage have been studied in relation to the holding time in ice prior to freezing and the shelf-life of the product is determined.

Marine Vertebrates and Low Frequency Sound: Technical Report for LFA EIS

Over the past 50 years, economic and technological developments have dramatically increased the human contribution to ambient noise in the ocean. The dominant frequencies of most human-made noise in the ocean is in the low-frequency range (defined as sound energy below 1000Hz), and low-frequency sound (LFS) may travel great distances in the ocean due to the unique propagation characteristics of the deep ocean (Munk et al. 1989). For example, in the Northern Hemisphere oceans low-frequency ambient noise levels have increased by as much as 10 dB during the period from 1950 to 1975 (Urick 1986; review by NRC 1994). Shipping is the overwhelmingly dominant source of low-frequency manmade noise in the ocean, but other sources of manmade LFS including sounds from oil and gas industrial development and production activities (seismic exploration, construction work, drilling, production platforms), and scientific research (e.g., acoustic tomography and thermography, underwater communication). The SURTASS LFA system is an additional source of human-produced LFS in the ocean, contributing sound energy in the 100-500 Hz band. When considering a document that addresses the potential effects of a low-frequency sound source on the marine environment, it is important to focus upon those species that are the most likely to be affected. Important criteria are: 1) the physics of sound as it relates to biological organisms; 2) the nature of the exposure (i.e. duration, frequency, and intensity); and 3) the geographic region in which the sound source will be operated (which, when considered with the distribution of the organisms will determine which species will be exposed). The goal in this section of the LFA/EIS is to examine the status, distribution, abundance, reproduction, foraging behavior, vocal behavior, and known impacts of human activity of those species may be impacted by LFA operations. To focus our efforts, we have examined species that may be physically affected and are found in the region where the LFA source will be operated. The large-scale geographic location of species in relation to the sound source can be determined from the distribution of each species. However, the physical ability for the organism to be impacted depends upon the nature of the sound source (i.e. explosive, impulsive, or non-impulsive); and the acoustic properties of the medium (i.e. seawater) and the organism. Non-impulsive sound is comprised of the movement of particles in a medium. Motion is imparted by a vibrating object (diaphragm of a speaker, vocal chords, etc.). Due to the proximity of the particles in the medium, this motion is transmitted from particle to particle in waves away from the sound source. Because the particle motion is along the same axis as the propagating wave, the waves are longitudinal. Particles move away from then back towards the vibrating source, creating areas of compression (high pressure) and areas of rarefaction (low pressure). As the motion is transferred from one particle to the next, the sound propagates away from the sound source. Wavelength is the distance from one pressure peak to the next. Frequency is the number of waves passing per unit time (Hz). Sound velocity (not to be confused with particle velocity) is the impedance is loosely equivalent to the resistance of a medium to the passage of sound waves (technically it is the ratio of acoustic pressure to particle velocity). A high impedance means that acoustic particle velocity is small for a given pressure (low impedance the opposite). When a sound strikes a boundary between media of different impedances, both reflection and refraction, and a transfer of energy can occur. The intensity of the reflection is a function of the intensity of the sound wave and the impedances of the two media. Two key factors in determining the potential for damage due to a sound source are the intensity of the sound wave and the impedance difference between the two media (impedance mis-match). The bodies of the vast majority of organisms in the ocean (particularly phytoplankton and zooplankton) have similar sound impedence values to that of seawater. As a result, the potential for sound damage is low; organisms are effectively transparent to the sound – it passes through them without transferring damage-causing energy. Due to the considerations above, we have undertaken a detailed analysis of species which met the following criteria: 1) Is the species capable of being physically affected by LFS? Are acoustic impedence mis-matches large enough to enable LFS to have a physical affect or allow the species to sense LFS? 2) Does the proposed SURTASS LFA geographical sphere of acoustic influence overlap the distribution of the species? Species that did not meet the above criteria were excluded from consideration. For example, phytoplankton and zooplankton species lack acoustic impedance mis-matches at low frequencies to expect them to be physically affected SURTASS LFA. Vertebrates are the organisms that fit these criteria and we have accordingly focused our analysis of the affected environment on these vertebrate groups in the world’s oceans: fishes, reptiles, seabirds, pinnipeds, cetaceans, pinnipeds, mustelids, sirenians (Table 1).