535 resultados para Synapse tripartite


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Work-integrated learning (WIL) is an educational strategy in which students undergo conventional academic learning with an educational institution, and combine this with some time spent in a workplace relevant to their program of study and career aims. It goes under a number of names internationally; sandwich degree (Ward & Jefferies, 2004); cooperative education; and internships (Groenewald, 2004; Sovilla & Varty, 2004; Walters, 1947). The name cooperative education reflects the tripartite nature of WIL in which the student, tertiary education institution (TEI), and workplace work together collaboratively to develop a comprehensive skill set in students (Coll, 1996). Recently the World Association for Cooperative Education added 'integrated' in a by-line to its name to reflect a broader perspective of the nature of cooperative education that can include capstone programs [practicum], internships, sandwich degrees, and work-based learning via industry projects (Franks & Blomqvist, 2004). A key aspect of WIL is the notion that it entails the integration of knowledge and skills gained in the educational institution and in the workplace. It is the integration aspect of WIL that distinguishes it from workplace learning (i.e., simply what a student or employee learns in the workplace, see Boud & Falchikov, 2006).

Eames (2003) notes that whilst there is a rich literature on the success of WIL programs, such research is almost entirely concerned with what he terms 'operational outcomes', such as benefits for students (Dressler & Keeling, 2004), employers (Braunstein & Loken, 2004), and TEIs (Weisz & Chapman, 2004). For example, it has been reported that compared with conventional graduates students who participate in WIL programs gain employment more easily, fit in better in the workplace, advance more rapidly in their careers, and so on (Dressler & Keeling, 2004). However, there is a serious paucity of research into what WIL students learn, how they learn, whom they learn from (Eames & Bell, 2005), and how the learning might be better facilitated and supported. A key purpose of work-integrated learning is the notion of providing graduates with a comprehensive skill set desired by potential employers. However, the literature notes that it is problematic for tertiary education providers to provide students with such skills, especially behavioural skills; the so-called soft skills (Burchell, Hodges & Rainsbury, 2000; Coll & Zegwaard, 2006). In what way does the student take what he or she has learned into the workplace, and conversely in what way does what the student learns in the workplace become related to, or incorporated into, the next phase of academic learning when he or she returns to the TEI after completing a work-placement?

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Plato criticizes poetry in several of his dialogues, beginning with Apology, his first work, and ending with Laws, his last. In these dialogues, his criticism of poetry can be divided into two streams: poetry is criticized for either being divinely inspired, or because it is mimetic or imitative of reality. However, of the dialogues which criticize poetry in these ways, it is not until Laws that Plato mentions both inspiration and mimesis together, and then it is only in a few sentences. Furthermore, nowhere in the dialogues does Plato discuss their relationship. This situation has a parallel in the secondary literature. While much work has been done on inspiration or mimesis in Plato’s criticism of poetry, very little work exists which discusses the connection between them. This study examines Plato’s treatment - in the six relevant dialogues - of these two poetic elements, inspiration and mimesis, and shows that a relationship exists between them. Both can be seen to relate to two important Socratic-Platonic concerns: the care of the soul and the welfare of the state. These concerns represent a synthesis of Socratic moral philosophy with Platonic political beliefs. In the ‘inspiration’ dialogues, Ion, Apology, Meno, Phaedrus and Laws, poetic inspiration can affect the Socratic exhortation which considers the care of the individual soul. Further, as we are told in Apology, Crito and Gorgias, it is the good man, the virtuous man - the one who cares for his soul - who also cares for the welfare of the state. Therefore, in its effect on the individual soul, poetic inspiration can also indirectly affect the state. In the ‘mimesis’ dialogues, Republic and Laws, this same exhortation, on the care of the soul, is posed, but it is has now been rendered into a more Platonic form - as either the principle of specialization - the ‘one man, one job’ creed of Republic, which advances the harmony between the three elements of the soul, or as the concord between reason and emotion in Laws. While in Republic, mimesis can damage the tripartite soul's delicate balance, in Laws, mimesis in poetry is used to promote the concord. Further, in both these dialogues, poetic mimesis can affect the welfare of the state. In Republic, Socrates notes that states arc but a product of the individuals of which they are composed Therefore, by affecting the harmony of the individual soul, mimesis can then undermine the harmony of the state, and an imperfect political system, such as a timarchy, an oligarchy, a democracy, or a tyranny, can result. However, in Laws, when it is harnessed by the philosophical lawgivers, mimesis can assist in the concord between the rulers and the ruled, thus serving the welfare of the state. Inspiration and mimesis can thus be seen to be related in their effect on the education of both the individual, in the care of the soul, and the state, in its welfare. Plato's criticism of poetry, therefore, which is centred on these two features, addresses common Platonic concerns: in education, politics, ethics, epistemology and psychology.

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This study investigated the Tripartite Influence Model of body image and eating disturbance in adolescent females. The model was found to be a satisfactory representation of the social, cultural and individual factors proposed to promote body dissatisfaction, dieting and bulimic behaviours in 14 to 18 year old girls. The portfolio presents four case situations in which the specialist knowledge of a clinical psychologist has shown to be beneficial to pediatric patients, their families, and medical staff at a major metropolitan hospital.

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Fournier and Grey (2000) suggest that those inhabiting the contested terrain of Critical Management Studies (CMS) share a commitment to identifying inequality and subordination in organizations and to the associated possibility of emancipation, however this is conceived. Despite their additional claim that one crucial distinction between critical and non-critical management studies is the ‘philosophical and methodological reflexivity’ of the former (Fournier and Grey 2000: 19), our review indicates limits to this reflexivity in CMS’s empirical practices – indeed, we argue these may even be counter-productive with regard to its political allegiances. To encourage wider discussion of these issues, we provide a tripartite framework of understandings of research ethics drawn from within and outside the management academy, and interrogate the opportunities and limitations of each for enriching CMS research.

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Intracellular signaling events are signposts of biological processes, which govern the direction and action of biological activities. Through millions of years of evolution, pathogens, such as viruses, have evolved to hijack host cell machinery to infect their targets and are therefore dependent on host cell signaling for replication. This review will detail our current understanding of the signaling events that are important for the early steps of HIV-1 replication. More specifically, the therapeutic potential of signaling events associated with chemokine coreceptors, virus entry, viral synapses, and post-entry processes will be discussed. We argue that these pathways may represent novel targets for antiviral therapy.

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It is well established that the central dopaminergic reward pathway is likely involved in alcohol intake and the progression of alcohol dependence. Dopamine transporter (DAT1) mediates the active re-uptake of DA from the synapse and is a principal regulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission. The gene for the human DAT1 displays several polymorphisms, including a 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) ranging from 3 to 16 copies in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene. To assess the role of this gene in alcoholism, we genotyped the VNTR of DAT1 gene in a sample of 206 subjects from the Kota population (111 alcohol dependence cases and 95 controls) and 142 subjects from Badaga population (81 alcohol dependence cases and 61 controls). Both populations inhabit a similar environmental zone, but have different ethnic histories. Phenotype was defined based on the DSM-IV criteria. Genotyping was performed using PCR and electrophoresis. The association of DAT1 with alcoholism was tested by using the Clump v1.9 program which uses the Monte Carlo method. In both Kota and Badaga populations, the allele A10 was the most frequent allele followed by allele A9. The genotypic distribution is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both cases and control groups of Kota and Badaga populations. The DAT1 VNTR was significantly associated with alcoholism in Badaga population but not in Kota population. Our results suggest that the A9 allele of the DAT gene is involved in vulnerability to alcoholism, but that these associations are population specific.

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Purpose
Our collaborative team proposes to use the idea of suturing—of materials, spaces, words, objects and environments to memories, dreams, associations, sensations and impulses—in order to arrive at the synapse or juncture of new formations. These new formations will be inspired by the souvenirs or found objects sourced in diverse international places (Qatar and the Volcanic Plains of Western Victoria, Australia), from deserts, cities, towns, crossroads, volcanic landscapes and water sites. We aim to activate “made in Qatar” as international sensorium.

Background
Places are woven into the fabric of other places through the inward and outward flows of the senses in travellers in the dispositions and practices of their “foreign-travelling” and “home-again” bodies. We bring souvenirs home to retain something of what our senses created in a foreign place so souvenirs may exist anywhere along a spectrum between saintly relics and kitsch. Historically, souvenirs have also included stolen or forcibly obtained items (like ancestral skulls), or objects made at seminal dates and places (like pieces of the fallen Berlin Wall).

Description
Drawing upon the many cultural and creative connotations of the term “souvenir”, we intend to create a series of 3D written-upon products (hybrid-composite objects of “dimensionalised” writing), chosen for their connections to persons and place, in order to investigate how international places can be made, un-made or re-made through the complex activities of the bodily senses. Through academic and exegetical writing, we will also reflect upon these “makings” in the context of “made in Qatar”. The workshop is intended to focus active production, either by individuals informed by the ideas and processes of the workshop or by collaborative groups within the workshop. Each workshop will conclude with one or more collaboratively produced “makings” for dissemination during the Tasmeem conference. To make our work truly international in dissemination, we also propose to transmit simultaneously, via video link, into the arts hub at Deakin University’s main Melbourne campus, the Phoenix Gallery, as a further experiment in the travelling senses.

Comments
Different places create different presentations of the senses, from which hybrid composites may emerge. Travellers are prompted by fresh capacities of their sensory being wherever they disembark, which may surprise other persons with practices of the senses souvenired, re-membered or imprinted from elsewhere. Like words, souvenirs suture times and places: “made in Qatar” comes alive as a sensorium woven from international modes of place-making.

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) performance depends on network topology, activation function, behaviors of data, suitable synapse's values and learning algorithms. Many existing works used different learning algorithms to train ANN for getting high performance. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the latest successfully Swarm Intelligence based technique for training Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Normally Gbest Guided Artificial Bee Colony (GGABC) algorithm has strong exploitation process for solving mathematical problems, however the poor exploration creates problems like slow convergence and trapping in local minima. In this paper, the Improved Gbest Guided Artificial Bee Colony (IGGABC) algorithm is proposed for finding global optima. The proposed IGGABC algorithm has strong exploitation and exploration processes. The experimental results show that IGGABC algorithm performs better than that standard GGABC, BP and ABC algorithms for Boolean data classification and time-series prediction tasks.

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N-Ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) is a presynaptic protein that has been suggested to be differentially expressed in the cortex of schizophrenic subjects through both high-throughput proteomic and genomic screening studies. Thus, to expand upon these studies we measured NSF using Western blotting in four regions of the cortex (BA9, 10, 40 and 46), in a cohort comprising 20 schizophrenic subjects, 8 bipolar I disorder subjects, and 20 control subjects. There was no significant difference in NSF levels between diagnostic cohorts in any of the four cortical regions. These findings highlight the importance of validating findings from high-throughput screening studies and do not support changes in cortical NSF as being of significance in schizophrenia or bipolar 1 disorder.

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Intends to analyse the Brazilian tripartite, paritarian and de-centralized model that manages the resources of FAT (Fundo de Amparo ao Trabalhador - Workers Protection Fund) in the employment public system of Rio de Janeiro. To reach the proposed objective, the first chapter begins with a discussion on the corporativism in Brazil, its configuration and the determinants that permitted changes in its arrangements throughout Brazilian trade-union history. In the second chapter is presented the Brazilian employment public system, and the programs and plans that forms it, and its structural characteristics; at the end, a discussion is made about why the employment system is considered as being an hibrid corporative structure. The third chapter presents how is structured the Rio de Janeiro State Employment Comission nowadays, its history and main decisions and programs, and then verifies how is ocurring the representation of political interests in the Rio de Janeiro employment system, how the politics is being integrated to the programs, and to which extension the de-centralization is ocurring according to the legal presumptions of the public politic. At the end, the analisys is concluded by some considerations that try to resume the conclusions raised by the proposed reflection.

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This study evaluates how the interaction among organizations located in Vila do Abraão, in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, has contributed to the sustainability of this locality. An analysis of the island¿s local problems showed that firms informality and solid waste management practices were bringing damaging consequences to the island, and that this local productive arrangement (APL) has been able to collectively find solutions to such issues. These solutions basically encompassed: a) choosing estrategies the lead to a self-sustained model and not traditional way dependent on tax benefits; b) recognizing that the solutions to these problems involved the common action of public and private sectors and the civil society, and that various artifices should be used to establish such cooperation; c) the presence of actors outside the APL who played an important role in overcoming the problems of the cluster; d) using transparent legal instruments that defined the rights and obligations of each party and e) tripartite social entrepreneurship actions through NGOs to help solve problems common to the whole island.

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O presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca de um novo papel a ser desempenhado pelas Agências Reguladoras no Estado Democrático de Direito, repensando a teoria tripartite desenvolvida por Montesquieu - a importância de sua participação, como amicus curiae, nos processos que envolvem o ambiente regulado. O tema ganha importância quando se percebe que as decisões tomadas pelos reguladores tornam-se objeto de disputas judiciais, geralmente iniciadas por meio de ações civis públicas, que na defesa do princípio da transparência dos atos públicos e do interesse da coletividade, por vezes, acabam por esbarrar em questões técnicas fundamentais ao bom funcionamento do ambiente regulado, e que, se modificadas, prejudicam a própria prestação do serviço, consequentemente, os consumidores – em defesa dos quais foi proposta a ação. É objeto deste trabalho, portanto, propor uma solução, ou melhor, chamar atenção para uma solução em face do problema posto – visto que se encontra no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, porém tão pouco utilizada.

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Este trabalho trata da interação entre professor e alunos mediante a utilização do texto paradidático intitulado Nosso Universo em aulas de Física, em uma sala de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Neste artigo é analisado um episódio que articula Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade aos aspectos ambientais. Esse episódio aborda o problema do efeito estufa, do buraco na camada de ozônio e da escassez da água. Para a análise, foram elaboradas categorias referentes às argumentações discentes e docente. Os resultados envolvendo o tripé professor/aluno/texto apontam que tais interações propiciaram a motivação e a formação do aluno enquanto indivíduo crítico e reflexivo, em condições de argumentar e atuar criticamente em seu meio social.

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The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the site of the first synapse of cardiovascular afferent fibers in the central nervous system. Important mechanisms for cardiovascular regulation are also present in the caudal pressor area (CPA) localized at the caudal end of the ventrolateral medulla. In the present study we sought to investigate the role of the commissural subnucleus of the NTS (commNTS) on pressor and tachycardic responses induced by L-glutamate injected into the CPA. Male Holtzman rats (n=8 rats/group) anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg of body weight, iv) received injections of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol into the commNTS. Unilateral injection of L-glutamate (10 nmol/ 100 nL) into the CPA increased mean arterial pressure (MAP, 31 4 mm Hg, vs. saline: 3 +/- 2 mm Hg) and heart rate (HR, 44 8 bpm, vs. saline: 10 7 bpm). inhibition of commNTS neurons with muscimol (120 pmol/60 nL) abolished the increase in MAP (9 4 mm Hg) and HR (17 7 bpm) produced by L-glutamate into the CPA. The present results suggest that the pressor and tachycardic responses to CPA activation are dependent on commNTS mechanisms.