Cordiluroides Albuquerque from Costa Rica: first records, descriptions and taxonomic changes (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

Cordiluroides Albuquerque is a genus of Neotropical Coenosiinae (Muscidae), known from six species. The genus is here recorded for the first time from Costa Rica, on the basis of three species: C. listrata Albuquerque, 1954, C. insularis (Willliston, 1896) and C. bistriata (Wulp, 1896) sp. rev.. We provide a key for the identification of these Costa Rican species, redescribe and illustrate their external morphological characters and terminalia. C. bistriata and C. vittifera (Stein, 1904) are both considered to be good species and are re-instated from the synonymy of C. insularis. The type material of C. listrata (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro), of C. insularis and C. bistriata (The Natural History Museum, London) and of C. vittifera (Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) has been examined.

The role of interbank markets in monetary policy: A model with rationing

This paper analyses the impact of asymmetric information in the interbankmarket and establishes its crucial role in the microfoundations of the monetarypolicy transmission mechanism. We show that interbank market imperfectionsinduce an equilibrium with rationing in the credit market. This has two majorimplications: first, it reconciles the irresponsiveness of business investment to theuser cost of capital with the large impact of monetary policy (magnitude effect)and, second, it shows that banks liquidity positions condition their reaction tomonetary policy (Kashyap and Stein liquidity effect).

Contribuição ao conhecimento de Spilogona Schnabl: redescrição de espécies neotropicais, descrição das terminálias e chave para as espécies latino-americanas (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

Spilogona Schnabl (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Limnophorini) está representado na América Latina por oito espécies. O exame de material tipo de quatro espécies - S. golbachi Snyder, S. hirticeps (Stein), S. trichops (Stein) e S. semicinerea (Stein), a primeira depositada na Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo (Argentina) e as demais no Stlaatliches Museum für Tierkunde (Alemanha) permitiu a redescrição dos adultos e a descrição com ilustrações das terminálias masculinas e femininas, as três últimas, pela primeira vez.

Development and validation of a clinical decision rule for the diagnosis of influenza.

INTRODUCTION: A clinical decision rule to improve the accuracy of a diagnosis of influenza could help clinicians avoid unnecessary use of diagnostic tests and treatments. Our objective was to develop and validate a simple clinical decision rule for diagnosis of influenza. METHODS: We combined data from 2 studies of influenza diagnosis in adult outpatients with suspected influenza: one set in California and one in Switzerland. Patients in both studies underwent a structured history and physical examination and had a reference standard test for influenza (polymerase chain reaction or culture). We randomly divided the dataset into derivation and validation groups and then evaluated simple heuristics and decision rules from previous studies and 3 rules based on our own multivariate analysis. Cutpoints for stratification of risk groups in each model were determined using the derivation group before evaluating them in the validation group. For each decision rule, the positive predictive value and likelihood ratio for influenza in low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, and the percentage of patients allocated to each risk group, were reported. RESULTS: The simple heuristics (fever and cough; fever, cough, and acute onset) were helpful when positive but not when negative. The most useful and accurate clinical rule assigned 2 points for fever plus cough, 2 points for myalgias, and 1 point each for duration <48 hours and chills or sweats. The risk of influenza was 8% for 0 to 2 points, 30% for 3 points, and 59% for 4 to 6 points; the rule performed similarly in derivation and validation groups. Approximately two-thirds of patients fell into the low- or high-risk group and would not require further diagnostic testing. CONCLUSION: A simple, valid clinical rule can be used to guide point-of-care testing and empiric therapy for patients with suspected influenza.

Neodexiopsis Malloch from Bolivia with the description of one new species (Diptera, Muscidae)

Neodexiopsis Malloch from Bolivia with the description of one new species (Diptera, Muscidae). Neodexiopsis Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae) is a very well represented genus in the Neotropical Region, known from almost 100 species. In Bolivia, it is known only from four species: N. declivis, N. incurva, N. oculata and N. recedens, all described by Stein. The study of material from South America deposited at Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), enabled the description of one new species to science. A key for the recognition of the five species known to Bolivia is given.

The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.

Seven new species of Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae) from Ecuador

ABSTRACTHere we describe seven new species of Limnophora from Ecuador: Limnophora bifasciatasp. nov. from Napo, Quito; Limnophora equatoriensissp. nov. from Zamora-Chinchipe, Zamora; Limnophora femurosetalissp. nov. from Zamora-Chinchipe, Zamora; Limnophora lamasisp. nov. from Zamora-Chinchipe, Zamora; Limnophora longivittatasp. nov. from Napo, Quito; Limnophora penaisp. nov. from Azuay, Cuenca and Limnophora polletisp. nov. from Napo, Quito. We provide an identification key for the ten recognized species of Limnophora from Ecuador, including L. marginata Stein, 1904, L. pica(Macquart, 1851) and L. saeva (Wiedemann, 1830). We also redescribed Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904, and designated designed lectotype male and paralectotypes males and females of the species.

Estimativa do teor de argila e do potássio trocável em solos esparsamente amostrados no sul do estado de Mato Grosso

A determinação da distribuição espacial de propriedades do solo é importante para entender as limitações para a nutrição de plantas e estabelecer o manejo apropriado do recurso solo em áreas recentemente incorporadas ao uso agrícola, principalmente onde os levantamentos de solos disponíveis são do tipo exploratório. Como modelo de estudo, este trabalho enfoca a variabilidade espacial do teor de argila (At) e do teor de potássio trocável (Kt) por meio de semivariogramas em amostras de solos coletadas em julho de 1994, no sul do estado de Mato Grosso. Métodos geoestatísticos foram usados para descrever a variabilidade espacial e para estimar estas propriedades ao longo de dois transectos cortando diferentes unidades de mapeamento de solos. A técnica de interpolação por Krigagem ordinária estimou apropriadamente os valores em áreas não amostradas, além de identificar os locais onde as amostragens de solos devem-se concentrar nos futuros trabalhos de levantamentos de solos. Os atributos estudados foram influenciados principalmente pelas diferentes classes de solo e apresentaram moderada dependência espacial e anisotropia no horizonte estudado. Levantamentos para avaliar a fertilidade dos solos e informações provenientes de mapas de solos podem ser analisados, por métodos geoestatísticos, pelas instituições de planejamento e assistência técnica, para complementar informações para o planejamento do uso da terra, como também para estimar indicadores da qualidade do solo com base nos princípios da sustentabilidade das terras. Parâmetros dos semivariogramas de At e Kt associados às classes de solos podem ser usados para reduzir o esforço de amostragem destes atributos na área estudada. O uso das informações dos levantamentos de solos permitiu reduzir o esforço de amostragem para a At, em até cerca de sete vezes.

Extraits des archives de l'archevêché de NARBONNE.

Contient : « Ex archivo archiepiscopi Narbonensis, » recueil de copies de pièces, de 782 à 1515, faites d'après les originaux, et parmi lesquelles on remarque beaucoup de bulles de papes des XIIIe et XIVe siècles, des actes d'évêques et de conciles, des diplômes carolingiens (f. 219 et suiv.) ; « Ex chartulario archiepiscopi Narbonensis ; » extraits du cartulaire perdu, dit Livre rouge (Stein, Bibliogr. des cartutaires, n° 2680)

Extraits de divers CARTULAIRES.

Contient : Cartulaire de Saint-Just-en-Beauvaisis[Stein, n° 3463], avec cette note de Baluze : « J'ay copié cecy sur une copie, n'ayant pas veu l'original. » ; Cartulaire [A] de l'église de Grenoble [Stein, n° 1619] ; Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Fécamp [ibid., n° 1309] ; Cartulaire de Saint-Flour, table et extraits [ibid., n° 3412], et pièces (1362-1368) concernant la même église (f. 73-79) ; Cartulaire de Saint-Cybard d'Angoulême [Stein, p. 20] ; Cartulaire de l'église d'Angoulême [ibid., n° 150] ; Cartulaire de l'abbaye d'Yères [ibid., n° 4153] ; Cartulaire de Saint-Etienne de Dreux [ibid, n° 1231], extraits faits en 1683 ; Cartulaire du prieuré de Domène [ibid., n° 1212] ; Cartulaire de la Chapelle-Aude [ibid., n° 1789] ; en tête copie de l'acte de fondation, de la main d'André Duchesne ; Cartulaire de Saint-Denis [ms. lat. 5415 ; Stein, n° 3362] ; Cartulaire de Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye [ibid., n° 3350] ; Cartulaire de Conques [ibid., n° 1043] ; Echange entre la dite abbaye et un nommé Autbertus (947), d'après l'original ; Extraits d'une chronique manuscrite du même monastère ; « Ex tabulario Compendiensi. »

DSM-5: a collection of psychiatrist views on the changes, controversies, and future directions.

The recent release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association has led to much debate. For this forum article, we asked BMC Medicine Editorial Board members who are experts in the field of psychiatry to discuss their personal views on how the changes in DSM-5 might affect clinical practice in their specific areas of psychiatric medicine. This article discusses the influence the DSM-5 may have on the diagnosis and treatment of autism, trauma-related and stressor-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, mood disorders (including major depression and bipolar disorders), and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.