Carte de la Basse et Moyenne Egypte / Gravée par Pierre Tardieu

Échelle(s) : [ca 1:1 934 000], 10 lieues de France [= 2,3 cm]

Carte de France / dressée par Pierre Tardieu

Échelle(s) : [ca 1:2 128 000], échelle 10 myriamètres [= 4,7 cm]

Mémoire pour Donat, Pierre et Louis Calas. / (Signé : Loyseau de Mauléon.)

[Factum. Calas, Jean (1698-1762). 1762]

Arrêt de la table de marbre en faveur de Pierre et Jean Dervin, marchands de bois (exploitant les forêts de Saulce-au-Bois)

[Acte. 1761-03-05. Paris]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Cantique de Kiev : Je suis assis sur la pierre / Mme Ioulia Koutyrina et M. Kotomkine, chant duo. [Chant de la Volga] : Chant religieux [des] gueux errants / Mme Ioulia Koutyrina et M. Kotomkine, chant duo ; accompagnement de goussli

[Traditions. Europe. Russie]

Diversity, prevalence and virulence of fungal entomopathogens in colonies of the ant Formica selysi

The richness of the parasitic community associated with social insect colonies has rarely been investigated. Moreover, understanding how hosts and pathogens interact in nature is important to interpret results from laboratory experiments. Here, we assessed the diversity, prevalence and virulence of fungal entomopathogens present around and within colonies of the ant Formica selysi. We detected eight fungal species known to be entomopathogenic in soil sampled from the habitat of ants. Six of these entomopathogens were found in active nests, abandoned nests, and corpses from dump piles or live ants. A systematic search for the presence of three generalist fungal entomopathogens in ant colonies revealed a large variation in their prevalence. The most common of the three pathogens, Paecilomyces lilacinus, was detected in 44% of the colonies. Beauveria bassiana occurred in 17% of the colonies, often in association with P. lilacinus, whereas we did not detect Metarhizium brunneum (formerly M. anisopliae) in active colonies. The three fungal species caused significant mortality to experimentally challenged ants, but varied in their degree of virulence. There was a high level of genetic diversity within B. bassiana isolates, which delineated three genetic strains that also differed significantly in their virulence. Overall, our study indicates that the ants encounter a diversity of fungal entomopathogens in their natural habitat. Moreover, some generalist pathogens vary greatly in their virulence and prevalence in ant colonies, which calls for further studies on the specificity of the interactions between the ant hosts and their fungal pathogens.

Sermons attribués à Pierre de Reims.

Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré.

Species- and nestmate brood discrimination in the sibling wood ant species Formica paralugubris and Formica lugubris

Formica lugubris and E paralugubris are sympatric sibling species of wood ants, both of which are widely distributed in Switzerland. Until 1996 they were considered the same species, E lugubris. To investigate whether the two species can be distinguished based on discrimination cues used by the workers we used the pupa-carrying test first introduced by Rainer Rosengren. In this test workers of discriminator colonies are faced with two kinds of pupae and their preferences for one of the types are recorded based on differential retrieval. Interspecific comparisons showed that ants preferred conspecific worker pupae to those of the sibling species regardless whether the pupae were con-colonial or hetero-colonial. Hence, this test can be used as a taxonomic tool to identify wood ants hardly distinguishable by morphological characters. In intraspecific comparisons the highly polygynous (many queens per colony) E paralugubris, the polygynous form of E lugubris and the monogynous (single queen per nest) to weakly polygynous form of E lugubris expressed different trends in their preference behaviour (with nestmate recognition in 14%, 20% and 31% of replicates, respectively). Only F paralugubris presented no significant nestmate recognition.