Aplicación del modelo del liderazgo situacional en la empresa Dinners Club del Ecuador para optimizar la gestión directiva

El presente trabajo académico se inserta en el análisis de la importancia que tiene en el mundo empresarial de hoy en día, el potencializar las habilidades que deben caracterizar al directivo, independiente del nivel jerárquico que ocupe en la estructura organizacional de la empresa. Dentro de este análisis introductorio, es fundamental ir respondiendo a ciertos interrogantes básicos de investigación, los mismos que están vinculados con la importancia y el desarrollo de las habilidades que deben caracterizar al directivo empresarial: ¿Qué entendemos por habilidades directivas?, ¿Cuál es la razón de su necesidad?, ¿Cuál es su alcance?, ¿Cómo podernos fomentarlas?, ¿Se podría clasificarlas? ¿Qué impacto tienen para el directivo y la organización laboral? En este análisis se revisarán los fundamentos más importantes del liderazgo, comenzando por conceptos más simples como definiciones, hasta la conformación de diversos enfoques teóricos como son: teorías caracteriales y de los rasgos, las teorías conductistas, las teorías de contingencias y transformacionales, y por último la teoría situacional. Una vez enfocados en la teoría del liderazgo situacional, este estudio desemboca en un proceso investigativo para conocer los estilos de dirección en la empresa Diners Club. Se administró el cuestionario de liderazgo situacional de Hersey y Blanchard a todo el personal directivo y mandos medios. Este es un instrumento que describe doce situaciones ante las que la persona elige una de las cuatro alternativas de respuesta que se le presentan, y que cada una de ellas remite a un determinado estilo de dirección. Permite evaluar la preferencia de la persona por un estilo de dirección concreto. Posteriormente se presentarán los resultados de los análisis para definir las preferencias en los estilos de liderazgo en la organización en estudio.

El involucramiento del personal en las actividades de responsabilidad social de las empresas como un generador de sentido de pertenencia. Caso: Empresa Dinners Club del Ecuador

El propósito de la investigación es validar que el personal que participa en proyectos, actividades o temas relacionados a la gestión de la responsabilidad social empresarial genere un nivel mayor de sentido de pertenencia y por ende se incrementa su nivel de compromiso con la organización a la que pertenece.

Fox-hunting in England and Wales: its contribution to the management of woodland and other habitats

Hunting foxes with hounds has been a countryside pursuit in Britain since the 17th Century, but its effect nationally on habitat management is little understood by the general public. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 163 mounted fox hunts of England and Wales to quantify their management practices in woodland and other habitat. Ninety-two hunts (56%), covering 75,514 km(2), returned details on woodland management motivated by the improvement of their sport. The management details were verified via on-site visits for a sample of 200 woodlands. Following verification, the area of woodlands containing the management was conservatively estimated at 24,053 (+/- 2241) ha, comprising 5.9% of woodland area within the whole of the area hunted by the 92 hunts. Management techniques included: tree planting, coppicing, felling, ride and perimeter management. A case study in five hunt countries in southern England examined, through the use of botanical survey and butterfly counts, the consequences of the hunt management on woodland ground flora and butterflies. Managed areas had, within the last 5 years, been coppiced and rides had been cleared. Vegetation cover in managed and unmanaged sites averaged 86% and 64%, respectively, and managed areas held on average 4 more plant species and a higher plant diversity than unmanaged areas (Shannon index of diversity: 2.25 vs. 1.95). Both the average number of butterfly species (2.2 vs. 0.3) and individuals counted (4.6 vs. 0.3) were higher in the managed than unmanaged sites.

Typification of four North American club-chollas: the names of four Engelmannian species from Mexico and Southwestern United States

The names Opuntia bulbispina, O. clavata, O. emoryi and O. grahamii, originally proposed by George Engelmann between 1848 and 1856, are reviewed and typified after new findings of previously unknown voucher specimens. Original materials collected by some of the collaborators employed by Engelmann during the Mexican Boundary Survey were discovered in a loan from the Torrey Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden (NY). Many of the materials include fragments of stems and fruits, and others include only sectioned flowers and some seeds. Particularly good descriptions of the species here concerned were published in Engelmann’s “Synopsis of the Cactaceae” in 1857, and exceptional illustrations were produced by Paulus Roetter and printed in “Cactaceae of the Boundary” in 1859. The problems surrounding some previous typifications of these names range from typification of joint lectotypes to illegitimate typifications of illustrations when original material was known to exist. The materials selected for typification were collected by the Mexican Boundary Survey and are lodged at the herbaria of the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) and the New York Botanical Garden (NY); some are illustrations published by Engelmann.

The performance of football club managers: skill or luck?

This paper evaluates the extent to which the performance of English Premier League football club managers can be attributed to skill or luck when measured separately from the characteristics of the team. We first use a specification that models managerial skill as a fixed effect and we examine the relationship between the number of points earned in league matches and the club���s wage bill, transfer spending, and the extent to which they were hit by absent players through injuries, suspensions or unavailability. We next implement a bootstrapping approach to generate a simulated distribution of average points that could have taken place after the impact of the manager has been removed. The findings suggest that there are a considerable number of highly skilled managers but also several who perform below expectations. The paper proceeds to illustrate how the approach adopted could be used to determine the optimal time for a club to part company with its manager. We are able to identify in advance several managers who the analysis suggests could have been fired earlier and others whose sackings were hard to justify based on their performances.

Wanted dead and alive : to what extent are hunting and protection of an endangered species compatible?

Cash-constrained wildlife departments must increasingly look towards revenue-generating activities such as sales of permits for hunting common species combined with fines for those caught with rare species. Pertinent to west Africa, an optimal enforcement model demonstrates the conditions under which a department with neither external budget nor tourism revenue can fully protect a rare species, and the impact on other species and local hunters' livelihoods. The department's effectiveness is shown to depend critically on the extent to which hunters can discriminate among different species. Improvements in hunting technology selectivity are therefore a substitute for increased enforcement spending.