The influence of nationalism in Mercosur and in South America: can the regional integration project survive?

The article discusses if nationalism is getting in the way of regional integration through a Brazilian prism due to Brazil’s pivotal role in regional integration in Mercosur and South America.

O horizonte regional do Brasil e a construção da América do Sul

No artigo se procura demonstrar que o horizonte regional do Brasil delimitou-se, nos últimos anos, pela América do Sul, tendo se respaldado por uma séria de ações que operacionalizam a retórica diplomática e vão além da esfera econômico-comercial. A pesquisa aponta, entretanto, que a América do Sul ainda é uma região em construção e iniciativas como a do Brasil podem fortalecer esse processo.

O Brasil diante da dinâmica migratória intra-regional vigente na América Latina e Caribe: tendências, perspectivas e oportunidades em uma nova era

O artigo explora as contribuições brasileiras na dinâmica migratória intra-regional vigente entre países da América Latina e Caribe. A dinâmica migratória intra-regional inclui as diásporas e os fluxos de brasileiros residentes nos países vizinhos e suas contrapartes latino-americanas e caribenhas residentes no Brasil. Verifica-se que o Brasil é o quinto emissor e quarto receptor de migrantes intra-regionais.

O papel da integração regional para o Brasil: universalismo, soberania e percepção das elites

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o significado do Mercosul para a política exterior do Brasil. Para isso, discutiremos as percepções das elites brasileiras em relação ao processo de integração regional. A defesa do princípio da intergovernamentalidade está ligada à concepção do lugar do Mercosul nas relações internacionais do país. A grande valorização de princípios como o do universalismo e o de soberania acaba afetando o aprofundamento da integração. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a estrutura do Mercosul seria condizente com as percepções de parte das elites brasileiras. Argumentaremos que a estrutura atual é insuficiente para garantir a dinâmica da integração.

Aspectos da integração regional em defesa no Cone Sul

Trata-se de avaliar como a aproximação entre os países promovendo a integração regional incide sobre qualidade da democracia e como esta se apresenta no setor de defesa e segurança. A perspectiva adotada é que o grau de estabilidade nas relações civil-militares incide diretamente sobre a formulação e desenvolvimento da cooperação em segurança regional e na estabilidade da democracia latino-americana.

Instituições, Direito e soberania: a efetividade jurídica nos processos de integração regional nos exemplos da União Européia e do Mercosul

Baseado no estudo de caso da União Européia e Mercosul, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar certas questões decorrentes da articulação do quadro normativo oriundo dos órgãos conjuntos de integração regional, com as ordens jurídicas nacionais baseadas no princípio da soberania do estado.

Ideias de ativismo regional: a transformação das leituras brasileiras da região

Este artigo estuda a transformação progressiva das leituras brasileiras sobre o ambiente regional durante as décadas de 1990 e 2000. Inicialmente, o ensaio caracteriza o padrão brasileiro de ativismo regional à luz das principais iniciativas adotadas pelo país e dos métodos utilizados para lidar com os obstáculos e ambiguidades inerentes à sua política regional. Em seguida, apresenta o leque de novos conceitos estratégicos que vêm informando o comportamento brasileiro na região. Por fim, o artigo aponta alguns dos silêncios e contradições mais recorrentes desse ideário emergente.

Brasil y la región: una potencia emergente y la integración regional sudamericana

En los últimos años, Brasil se está convirtiendo en una potencia mundial, a la vez que se le considera el líder regional. En este trabajo se aborda el papel creciente de Brasil en el ámbito internacional, al tiempo que aumentan las tensiones con sus vecinos. ¿Cuál es la prioridad de la política exterior brasileña: las relaciones regionales o los asuntos mundiales?

O Brasil e a cooperação em defesa: a construção de uma identidade regional no Atlântico Sul

O artigo analisa a cooperação que o Brasil vem desenvolvendo ao longo do Atlântico Sul, mostrando que o País vem desempenhando o papel de region-builder na construção de uma identidade sul-atlântica com posição de destaque para si. Tais esforços começam a ser contestados por outros atores de dentro e fora da região.

A integração regional como mecanismo para provisão de bens públicos: uma análise comparativa da agenda de segurança pública no Mercosul e na Comunidade Andina de Nações

Para entender se o processo de integração regional pode ser um mecanismo para o provimento de bens públicos regionais, parte-se do modelo de Olson (1965) que identifica as variáveis relevantes para compreender como os membros de um grupo superam seus dilemas de ação coletiva. A comparação entre Mercosul e CAN no tocante ao tráfico de drogas possibilita concluir que em ambos os acordos há provimento subótimo de segurança pública, ainda que o Mercosul apresente alguns avanços relativamente à CAN.

Electrospun silk-elastin-like fiber mats for tissue engineering applications

Protein-based polymers are present in a wide variety of organisms fulfilling structural and mechanical roles. Advances in protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology allow the design and production of recombinant protein-based polymers (rPBPs) with an absolute control of its composition. Although the application of recombinant proteins as biomaterials is still an emerging technology, the possibilities are limitless and far superior to natural or synthetic materials, as the complexity of the structural design can be fully customized. In this work, we report the electrospinning of two new genetically engineered silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) consisting of alternate silk- and elastin-like blocks. Electrospinning was performed with formic acid and aqueous solutions at different concentrations without addition of further agents. The size and morphology of the electrospun structures was characterized by scanning electron microscopy showing to be dependent of concentration and solvent used. Treatment with air saturated with methanol was employed to stabilize the structure and promote water insolubility through a time-dependent conversion of random coils into β-sheets (FTIR). The resultant methanol-treated electrospun mats were characterized for swelling degree (570-720%), water vapour transmission rate (1083 g/m2/day) and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity of ~126 MPa). Furthermore, the methanol-treated SELP fiber mats showed no cytotoxicity and were able to support adhesion and proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Adhesion was characterized by a filopodia-mediated mechanism. These results demonstrate that SELP fiber mats can provide promising solutions for the development of novel biomaterials suitable for tissue engineering applications.

Gladiolus development in response to bulb treatment with different concentrations of humic acids

Gladiolus is an ornamental species produced for cut flowers and propagated by corms. The early flowering and increase in the number of flower buds, besides the production of commercial corms are constant challenges to be addressed in the crop improvement. Commercial production of ornamentals is technologically accelerated by means of growth regulators. Among them, the auxins stand out for their key role in the adventitious rooting and cell elongation. Alternatively, the humic substances present in the organic matter also have biostimulating effect, which is very similar to the auxinic effect. Therefore, this work aimed to study the growth and development of gladiolus in response to application of different concentrations of humic acids (HA) isolated from vermicompost. Corms were soaked for 24 hours in solutions containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmol L-1 of C from HA. The corms were planted in 10-dm³ plastic bags filled with substrate and kept in a greenhouse. Growth of shoots and roots was evaluated. The results showed that the use of HA accelerates growth, and anticipates and increases flowering of Gladiolus.

PHB-PEO electrospun fiber membranes containing chlorhexidine for drug delivery applications

Fiber meshes of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(hydroxybutyrate)/ poly(ethylene oxide) (PHB/PEO) with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) were prepared by electrospinning, for assessment as a polymer based drug delivery system. The electrospun fibers were characterized at morphological, molecular and mechanical levels. The bactericidal potential of PHB and PHB/PEO electrospun fibers with and without CHX was investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by disk diffusion susceptibility tests. Electrospun fibers containing CHX exhibited bactericidal activity. PHB/PEO-1%CHX displayed higher CHX release levels and equivalent antibacterial activity when compared to PHB/PEO with 5 and 10 wt% CHX. Bactericidal performance of samples with 1 wt% CHX was assessed by Colony Forming Units (CFU), where a reduction of 100 % and 99.69 % against E. coli and S. aureus were achieved, respectively.

Success factors of regional airports: the case of Oporto airport

Oporto Airport (OPO) is a success story among European regional airports. This success is expressed, among other ways, in the rapid expansion of routes and the strong growth in demand, as well as in the recognition of the airport’s quality by its users. Over the past decade, the volume of traffic increased by almost 3.4 million passengers, from the 2.6 million recorded in 2002 to over 6 million in 2012. In this paper, we analyse some of the factors that influenced the success of Oporto Airport, namely the expansion of capacity and improvements to infrastructure, the increase in the number of routes and the increased demand in response to the new capacities of this airport-airlines set. Particular emphasis is given to the role of low cost carriers (LCC) in the growth of Oporto Airport and to strategies of attracting more traffic. Some of the main opportunities and challenges that this airport will face in the coming years are also discussed.

Selection of common bean lines with high grain yield and high grain calcium and iron concentrations

Genetic improvement of common bean nutritional quality has advantages in marketing and can contribute to society as a food source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability for grain yield, calcium and iron concentrations in grains of inbred common bean lines obtained by different breeding methods. For this, 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Pedigree method and 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Single-Seed Descent (SSD) method. The lines showed genetic variability for grain yield, and concentrations of calcium and iron independently of the method of advancing segregating populations. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines with high grain yield. Selection using the SSD method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with high concentrations of calcium and iron in grains. Weak negative correlations were found between grain yield and calcium concentration (r = -0.0994) and grain yield and iron concentration (r = -0.3926). Several lines show genetic superiority for grain yield and concentrations of calcium and iron in grains and their selection can result in new common bean cultivars with high nutritional quality.