Eastern Africa showing expedition route of Speke and Grant, 1863 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the route explored by Captns. Speke & Grant from Zanzibar to Egypt : showing the outfall of the Nile from the Victoria Nyanza (Lake) and the various Negro territories discovered by them. It was published by Edward Stanford in 1863. Scale [ca. 1:5,800,000]. Covers portions of north and eastern Africa including parts of Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and projected to the 'World Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, expedition routes of John Speke and James Grant, cities and other human settlements, tribe and territorial boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes location map and text. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Darfur Region, Sudan, 1880 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carta originale della Spedizione Borghese-Matteucci : nel Kordofan e Dar For secondo i rilievi del sottotenente A.M. Massari e le Esplorazioni anteriori, costrutta e disegnata da Guido Cora. It was published by Istituto Geografico Guido Cora in 1881. This dataset is georeferenced for the map covering the Darfur region, Sudan. Scale 1:3,000,000. Map in Italian.The original map contains multiple maps on one sheet. Because the map images are non-contiguous and possibly at differing scales, each map image was georeferenced separately. Please see the 'cross references' section for other maps on this sheet.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Africa Lambert Conformal Conic' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as exploration routes of Giovanni Borghese, Pellegrino Matteucci, and A.M. Massari (with dates of locations), drainage, cities, towns and villages, territorial boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures and spot heights. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

North Central Madagascar, 1888 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Itinerari di due viaggi al Madagascar eseguiti dall'inge. E. Cortese nel 1887. It was published by Società geografica italiana in 1888. Scale 1:1,000,000. Covers the north central part of Madagascar. Map in Italian. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as the travel routes of Emilio Cortese, drainage, cities, towns, villages, and other human settlements, shoreline features, and more. Relief is shown by hachures and spot heights. Includes inset: Carta dell Isola di Madagascar. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Cape Town, South Africa, 1770 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville du Cap de Bonne Esperance et environs, par M.B.C.T. en Décembre 1770 ; Croisey sc. It was published in 1770. Scale [ca. 1:24,360]. Covers Cape Town, South Africa. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'WGS 1984 UTM 34S' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings. Includes index. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Central Africa showing expedition route of Verney Lovett Cameron, 1876 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of a portion of South Africa : illustrative of Lieut. Cameron's route from lake Tangayika to the west coast, by E. G. Ravenstein, F.R.G.S. It was published by Geogr. Mag. in 1876. Scale 1:5,000,000. Covers portions of Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Zambia. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'World Sinusoidal' projection with the central meridian at 20 degrees east. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as expedition routes, drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by shading. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Cape Town , South Africa, 1942 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Capetown Harbor, Union of South Africa, drawn in Geography Division, O.S.S. Provisional ed. It was published by the OSS in 1942. Scale [ca. 1:23,000]. Covers the Table Bay harbor area of Cape Town, South Africa. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'WGS 1984 UTM 34S' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, selected buildings and industries, proposed and existing wharves and docks, and more. Shows plans for the proposed reclamation area of the harbor. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Istanbul and Bosporus Region, Turkey, 1821 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Constantinople : du Bosphore & du Canal de la Mer Noire dessiné d'apres les meilleurs materiaux, par F. Fried ; gravé par Rud. de Rothenburg. It was published by chez Artaria & Co. in 1821. Scale [ca. 1:50,000]. Covers Istanbul and Bosporus Region, Turkey. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 35N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, cities, towns, and villages, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, city districts, ports, aqueducts, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings. Includes indexes, note, and inset: Plan du Serail. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Cape of Good Hope and Cape Town Region, South Africa, Nautical Chart, 1822 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic, paper map entitled: Survey of the Cape of Good Hope, by Lieut. A.T.E. Vidal of H.M.S. Leven, assisted by Captn. Chas. Lechmere, R.N. Lieut T. Boteler, and Mr. H.A. Gibbons, Admlty. Midn. under the direction of Captn. W.F.W. Owen, 1822. J. & C. Walker sculpt. It was published according to Act of Parliament at the Hydrographical Office of the Admiralty, 4th March 1828. Scale [ca. 1:153,512]. Covers the Cape Peninsula region, including False Bay and Cape Town, South Africa. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'WGS 1984 UTM 34S' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, anchorage points, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by contours; depths by soundings. Includes notes, table of heights, and two views. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

MRI Registration for Human Hip Kinematics

Measurement of joint kinematics can provide knowledge to help improve joint prosthesis design, as well as identify joint motion patterns that may lead to joint degeneration or injury. More investigation into how the hip translates in live human subjects during high amplitude motions is needed. This work presents a design of a non-invasive method using the registration between images from conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and open MRI to calculate three dimensional hip joint kinematics. The method was tested on a single healthy subject in three different poses. MRI protocols for the conventional gantry, high-resolution MRI and the open gantry, lowresolution MRI were developed. The scan time for the low-resolution protocol was just under 6 minutes. High-resolution meshes and low resolution contours were derived from segmentation of the high-resolution and low-resolution images, respectively. Low-resolution contours described the poses as scanned, whereas the meshes described the bones’ geometries. The meshes and contours were registered to each other, and joint kinematics were calculated. The segmentation and registration were performed for both cortical and sub-cortical bone surfaces. A repeatability study was performed by comparing the kinematic results derived from three users’ segmentations of the sub-cortical bone surfaces from a low-resolution scan. The root mean squared error of all registrations was below 1.92mm. The maximum range between segmenters in translation magnitude was 0.95mm, and the maximum deviation from the average of all orientations was 1.27◦. This work demonstrated that this method for non-invasive measurement of hip kinematics is promising for measuring high-range-of-motion hip motions in vivo.

Inference of binding affinity from neuronal receptors in humans

Tese de mestrado, Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional (Bioinformática), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

MOREMATA: Stata module (Mata) to provide various functions

This package includes various Mata functions. kern(): various kernel functions; kint(): kernel integral functions; kdel0(): canonical bandwidth of kernel; quantile(): quantile function; median(): median; iqrange(): inter-quartile range; ecdf(): cumulative distribution function; relrank(): grade transformation; ranks(): ranks/cumulative frequencies; freq(): compute frequency counts; histogram(): produce histogram data; mgof(): multinomial goodness-of-fit tests; collapse(): summary statistics by subgroups; _collapse(): summary statistics by subgroups; gini(): Gini coefficient; sample(): draw random sample; srswr(): SRS with replacement; srswor(): SRS without replacement; upswr(): UPS with replacement; upswor(): UPS without replacement; bs(): bootstrap estimation; bs2(): bootstrap estimation; bs_report(): report bootstrap results; jk(): jackknife estimation; jk_report(): report jackknife results; subset(): obtain subsets, one at a time; composition(): obtain compositions, one by one; ncompositions(): determine number of compositions; partition(): obtain partitions, one at a time; npartitionss(): determine number of partitions; rsubset(): draw random subset; rcomposition(): draw random composition; colvar(): variance, by column; meancolvar(): mean and variance, by column; variance0(): population variance; meanvariance0(): mean and population variance; mse(): mean squared error; colmse(): mean squared error, by column; sse(): sum of squared errors; colsse(): sum of squared errors, by column; benford(): Benford distribution; cauchy(): cumulative Cauchy-Lorentz dist.; cauchyden(): Cauchy-Lorentz density; cauchytail(): reverse cumulative Cauchy-Lorentz; invcauchy(): inverse cumulative Cauchy-Lorentz; rbinomial(): generate binomial random numbers; cebinomial(): cond. expect. of binomial r.v.; root(): Brent's univariate zero finder; nrroot(): Newton-Raphson zero finder; finvert(): univariate function inverter; integrate_sr(): univariate function integration (Simpson's rule); integrate_38(): univariate function integration (Simpson's 3/8 rule); ipolate(): linear interpolation; polint(): polynomial inter-/extrapolation; plot(): Draw twoway plot; _plot(): Draw twoway plot; panels(): identify nested panel structure; _panels(): identify panel sizes; npanels(): identify number of panels; nunique(): count number of distinct values; nuniqrows(): count number of unique rows; isconstant(): whether matrix is constant; nobs(): number of observations; colrunsum(): running sum of each column; linbin(): linear binning; fastlinbin(): fast linear binning; exactbin(): exact binning; makegrid(): equally spaced grid points; cut(): categorize data vector; posof(): find element in vector; which(): positions of nonzero elements; locate(): search an ordered vector; hunt(): consecutive search; cond(): matrix conditional operator; expand(): duplicate single rows/columns; _expand(): duplicate rows/columns in place; repeat(): duplicate contents as a whole; _repeat(): duplicate contents in place; unorder2(): stable version of unorder(); jumble2(): stable version of jumble(); _jumble2(): stable version of _jumble(); pieces(): break string into pieces; npieces(): count number of pieces; _npieces(): count number of pieces; invtokens(): reverse of tokens(); realofstr(): convert string into real; strexpand(): expand string argument; matlist(): display a (real) matrix; insheet(): read spreadsheet file; infile(): read free-format file; outsheet(): write spreadsheet file; callf(): pass optional args to function; callf_setup(): setup for mm_callf().

SHRIMP Pb/U zircon ages of plutonic rocks from Southwest Indian Ridge

Absolute ages of plutonic rocks from mid-ocean ridges provide important constraints on the scale, timing and rates of oceanic crustal accretion, yet few such rocks have been absolutely dated. We present 206Pb/238U SHRIMP zircon ages from two ODP Drill Holes and a surface sample from Atlantis Bank on the Southwest Indian Ridge. We report ten new sample ages from 26-1430 m in ODP Hole 735B, and one from 57 m in ODP Hole 1105A. Including a previously published age, eleven samples from Hole 735B yield 206Pb/238U zircon crystallization ages that are the same, within error, overlap with the estimated magnetic age and are inferred to date the main period of crustal growth, the average age of analyses is 11.99 ± 0.12 Ma. Any differences in the ages of magmatic series and/or tectonic blocks within Hole 735B are unresolvable and eight well-constrained ages vary from 11.86 ± 0.20 Ma to 12.13 ± 0.21 Ma, a range of 0.27 ± 0.29 Ma, consistent with the duration of crustal accretion observed at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. An age of 11.87 ± 0.23 Ma from Hole 1105A is within error of ages from Hole 735B and permits previous correlations made between zones of oxide-rich gabbros in each hole. Pb/U zircon ages > 0.5 Ma younger than the magnetic age are recorded in at least three samples from Atlantis Bank, one from Hole 735B and two collected along a fault scarp to the East. These young ages may date one or more off-axis events previously suggested from thermochronologic data and support the interpretation of a complex geological history following crustal accretion at Atlantis Bank. Together with results from the surface of Atlantis Bank, dating has shown that while the majority of Pb/U SHRIMP zircon ages record the short-lived (< 0.5 Ma) phase of crustal accretion on-axis, results from several samples precede and post-date this period by > 1 Ma suggesting a complex and prolonged magmatic/tectonic history for the crust at Atlantis Bank.

Assessing the performance of a nucleus estate and smallholder scheme for oil palm production in West Sumatra: a stochastic frontier analysis

In this paper, we study the performance of smallholders in a nucleus estate and smallholder (NES) scheme in oil palm production schemein West Sumatra by measuring their technical efficiency using a stochastic frontier production function. Our results indicate a mean technical efficiency of 66%, which is below what we would have expected given the uniformity of the climate, soils and plantation construction among the sample farmers. The use of progressive farmers as a means of disseminating extension advice does not appear to have been successful, and more rigorous farmer selection procedures need to be put in place for similar schemes and for general agricultural extension in future. No clear relationship was established between technical efficiency and the use of female labour, suggesting there is no need to target extension services specifically at female labourers in the household. Finally, education was found to have an unexpectedly negative impact on technical efficiency, indicating that farmers with primary education may be more important than those with secondary and tertiary education as targets of development schemes and extension programs entailing non-formal education. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment of national health systems performance in the WHO African region

There is growing peer and donor pressure on African countries to utilize available resources more efficiently in a bid to support the ongoing efforts to expand coverage of health interventions with a view to achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this study was to estimate the technical and scale efficiency of national health systems in African continent. Methods The study applied the Data Envelopment Analysis approach to estimate the technical efficiency and scale efficiency among the 53 countries of the African Continent. Results Out of the 38 low-income African countries, 12 countries national health systems manifested a constant returns to scale technical efficiency (CRSTE) score of 100%; 15 countries had a VRSTE score of 100%; and 12 countries had a SE score of one. The average variable returns to scale technical efficiency (VRSTE) score was 95% and the mean scale efficiency (SE) score was 59%; meaning that while on average the degree of inefficiency was only 5%, the magnitude of scale inefficiency was 41%. Of the 15 middle-income countries, 5 countries, 9 countries and 5 countries had CRSTE, VRSTE and SE scores of 100%. Ten countries, six countries and 10 countries had CRSTE, VRSTE and SE scores of less than 100%; and thus, they were deemed inefficient. The average VRSTE (i.e. pure efficiency) score was 97.6%. The average SE score was 49.9%. Conclusion There are large unmet need for health and health-related services among countries of the African Continent. Thus, it would not be advisable for health policy-makers address NHS inefficiencies through reduction in excess human resources for health. Instead, it would be more prudent for them to leverage health promotion approaches and universal access prepaid (tax-based, insurance-based or mixtures) health financing systems to create demand for under utilised health services/interventions with a view to increasing ultimate health outputs to efficient target levels.

A probabilistic indirect adaptive control for systems with input-dependent noise

A probabilistic indirect adaptive controller is proposed for the general nonlinear multivariate class of discrete time system. The proposed probabilistic framework incorporates input–dependent noise prediction parameters in the derivation of the optimal control law. Moreover, because noise can be nonstationary in practice, the proposed adaptive control algorithm provides an elegant method for estimating and tracking the noise. For illustration purposes, the developed method is applied to the affine class of nonlinear multivariate discrete time systems and the desired result is obtained: the optimal control law is determined by solving a cubic equation and the distribution of the tracking error is shown to be Gaussian with zero mean. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated numerically through the simulation of an affine nonlinear system.