Efeitos da polui����o atmosf��rica na sa��de infantil em S��o José dos Campos, SP

OBJETIVO: Dentre os efeitos da polui����o ambiental na sa��de da crian��a, destaca-se o aumento de interna����es por pneumonias. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a associa����o dessas interna����es com o aumento dos poluentes atmosf��ricos. M��TODOS: Trata-se de estudo ecol��gico de s��ries temporais, realizado na cidade de S��o José dos Campos, SP, nos anos de 2000 e 2001. Foram utilizados dados di��rios sobre o n��mero de interna����es por pneumonia, dados di��rios de poluentes (SO2, O3 e PM10) e de temperatura e umidade do clima. Foram estimadas as correla����es entre as vari��veis de interesse pelo coeficiente de Pearson. Para estimar a associa����o entre as interna����es por pneumonia e a polui����o atmosf��rica, utilizaram-se modelos aditivos generalizados de regress��o de Poisson. Foram estimados os acr��scimos das interna����es por pneumonia para o intervalo interquartil para cada um dos poluentes estudados, com um intervalo de confian��a de 95% RESULTADOS: Os tr��s poluentes apresentaram efeitos defasados nas interna����es por pneumonia, iniciada tr��s a quatro dias ap��s a exposi����o e decaindo rapidamente. Na estimativa de efeito acumulado de oito dias observou-se ao longo desse per��odo que para aumentos de 24,7 ��g/m�� na concentra����o m��dia de PM10 houve um acr��scimo de 9,8% nas interna����es. CONCLUS��ES: O estudo confirma que o potencial delet��rio dos poluentes do ar sobre a sa��de pode ser detectado, tamb��m, em cidades de m��dio porte. A magnitude do efeito foi semelhante ao observado na cidade de S��o Paulo. Al��m disso, mostra a elevada susceptibilidade das crian��as aos efeitos adversos advindos da exposi����o aos contaminantes atmosf��ricos.

N��vel de conhecimento dos cirurgi��es-dentistas de S��o José dos Campos sobre o uso de anti-inflamat��rios n��o ester��ides

A prescri����o abusiva de medicamentos na odontologia constitui um desafio aos programas de sa��de p��blica que visam corrigir a prescri����o inadequada de f��rmacos. Os anti-inflamat��rios n��o ester��ides (AINE) podem alteram a efic��cia dos anti-hipertensivos, elevando a press��o arterial, sobretudo em pacientes idosos e/ou com hipertens��o arterial sist��mica (HAS). O objetivo foi avaliar o n��vel de conhecimentos dos cirurgi��es-dentistas (CD) da rede p��blica da sa��de da Prefeitura Municipal de S��o José dos Campos (PMSJC) sobre a prescri����o de AINE a pacientes com HAS. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, realizado por meio de question��rio aplicado aos 92 CD da PMSJC. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se os testes de Wald e de Fisher. A associa����o entre as vari��veis foi estudada por meio da raz��o de chances (OR) com p-valor<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que o n��vel de conhecimento para a prescri����o de AINE para pacientes com HAS foi insuficiente e as intera����es medicamentosas entre AINE e anti-hipertensivos s��o desconhecidas pela quase totalidade da amostra. Concluiu-se que os cursos de atualiza����o em odontologia n��o est��o suprindo as necessidades dos CD no ��mbito da farmacoterapia.

Preval��ncia de anodontia entre estudantes do 2O grau da cidade de S��o José dos Campos-Correla����o dessa anomalia entre terceiros molares e outros ��rg��o dent��rios.

The authors studied 201 school children form both sexes, aging 12 to 14 years, in order to identify anodontia, including in third molars. The results indicated a congenital absence of teeth in 24.37% of the examined children, distributed into 10.44% of boys and 13.93% of girls. Anodontia was observed concerning third molar teeth and other teeth, and the correlation was calculated by the total, sex, and hemiarch. The data were presented and discussed, and the results included several conclusions.

Crescimento e ac��mulo de nitrog��nio e pot��ssio pelo mel��o pele de sapo fertirrigado

With the objective of obtaining dry matter curves, and nitrogen and potassium accumulation in Piel de Sapo melon (Cucumis melo L.) hybrid Sancho, an experiment was conducted in Mossor�� - RN in a randomized blocks design with three repetitions. Treatments consisted of doses in kg ha-1 of nitrogen: 0, 91, 140 and 184 and potassium: 0, 174, 260 and 346; which were applied by fertigation in depths of 281, 349 and 423mm. Stems, leaves and fruits were harvested 5 times at 28 to 70 days after transplantation, in intervals of 10 days for analyses of aerial dry matter, nitrogen, and potassium accumulation. Doses higher than 140 and 260 kg ha-1 of N and K respectively, did not induce greater accumulation of these nutrients increasing levels throughout the plant cycle. Nitrogen doses of 91 and 140 kg ha-1, potassium doses of 174 and 260 kg ha-1 as well as depth of 348mm provided higher accumulation of potassium in the plant.

Utiliza����o de ��gua residu��ria do processo p��s-colheita do caf�� na produ����o de mudas de cafeeiro

Intending to achieve better results on coffee production, the coffee producers began, since the 80s, to process the coffee postharvest, in order to ensure product's superior quality. However, with the processing, other problem appeared, the contamination of rivers, creeks, soil and water table from coffee wastewater (ARC). This paper had as main objective to use the ARC on the coffee plants' production verifying its viability and if the ARC is able to supply the coffee potassium requirements when they don't receive potassium chloride in the organic compound. The work was developed at Faculdade de Ci��ncias Agron��micas - UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a greenhouse located at Departamento de Engenharia Rural. The work consisted of 10 treatments on a 5��2 factorial (5 wastewater proportions of coffee after the harvest processing - 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% - and potassium chloride presence or absence in the composition), with 4 repetitions with a completely randomized statistical design. The ARC was applied each 48 hours in an irrigation depth of 10 mm. After 6 months, the plants' vegetative characteristic had been evaluated as well the chemical characteristics of the compound and of the plants. We observed that the treatments with potassium chloride presence showed worse vegetative characteristics compared with treatments which did not have KCl in its composition. Moreover, with the increase of the wastewater dosage, it happened a decrease in the vegetative characteristics, however an addition in the chemical characteristics of the compound. Also, the treatments without KCl presence and with 0% and 25% of coffee wastewater had been statistically equal, showing the viability in the use of the ARC in the production of coffee plants, since the compound does not contain KCl and that the water used in the composition is a mixture of 25% of ARC with 75% of common water.

Multimodal exercise intervention improves frontal cognitive functions and gait in Alzheimer's disease: A controlled trial

Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a multimodal exercise intervention on frontal cognitive functions and kinematic gait parameters in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A sample of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=27) were assigned to a training group (n=14; aged 78.0��7.3years) and a control group (n=13; aged 77.1��7.4years). Multimodal exercise intervention includes motor activities and cognitive tasks simultaneously. The participants attended a 1-h session three times a week for 16weeks, and the control participants maintained their regular daily activities during the same period. The frontal cognitive functions were evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the Clock Drawing Test and the Symbol Search Subtest. The kinematic parameters of gait-cadence, stride length and stride speed were analyzed under two conditions: (i) free gait (single task); and (ii) gait with frontal cognitive task (walking and counting down from 20 - dual task). Results and discussion: The patients in the intervention group significantly increased the scores in frontal cognitive variables, Frontal Assessment Battery (P<0.001) and Symbol Search Subtest (P<0.001) after the 16-week period. The control group decreased the scores in the Clock Drawing Test (P=0.001) and increased the number of counting errors during the dual task (P=0.008) after the same period. Conclusion: The multimodal exercise intervention improved the frontal cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease. �� 2012 Japan Geriatrics Society.

PEGylation of SPIONs by polycondensation reactions: A new strategy to improve colloidal stability in biological media

In this study, we report on a new route of PEGylation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by polycondensation reaction with carboxylate groups. Structural and magnetic characterizations were performed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The XRD confirmed the spinel structure with a crystallite average diameter in the range of 3.5-4.1 nm in good agreement with the average diameter obtained by TEM (4.60-4.97 nm). The TGA data indicate the presence of PEG attached onto the SPIONs' surface. The SPIONs were superparamagnetic at room temperature with saturation magnetization (M S) from 36.7 to 54.1 emu/g. The colloidal stability of citrate- and PEG-coated SPIONs was evaluated by means of dynamic light scattering measurements as a function of pH, ionic strength, and nature of dispersion media (phosphate buffer and cell culture media). Our findings demonstrated that the PEG polymer chain length plays a key role in the coagulation behavior of the Mag-PEG suspensions. The excellent colloidal stability under the extreme conditions we evaluated, such as high ionic strength, pH near the isoelectric point, and cell culture media, revealed that suspensions comprising PEG-coated SPION, with PEG of molecular weight 600 and above, present steric stabilization attributed to the polymer chains attached onto the surface of SPIONs. �� 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ���100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. �� 2013 The Author(s).

O conhecimento cient��fico como base para a resolu����o de problemas de educa����o ambiental relacionados �� Microbacia Hidrogr��fica do C��rrego S��o José do Corrente, munic��pio de Cabr��lia Paulista - SP

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

O quixotesco em Fogo morto e O coronel e o lobisomen

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

O narrador e a constru����o da ficcionalidade em Juan Saer, Italo Calvino, Ubaldo Ribeiro e Bernardo Carvalho

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Din��mica das rela����es socio-econ��micas e ecol��gicas no extrativismo do a��a��: o caso do m��dio Rio Pracuuba, S��o Sebastião de Boa Vista, Maraj�� (PA)

Analisa as transforma����es no extrativismo do a��a�� na v��rzea do m��dio rio Pracu��ba (Maraj��, PA), estimuladas pela intensifica����o da demanda deste fruto pelos mercados locais e extra-locais. Examina, de um lado, as rela����es socioecon��micas estabelecidas na extra����o e na comercializa����o deste fruto, mostrando a coexist��ncia de princ��pios de mercado ao lado de rela����es peculiares ao antigo sistema de aviamento, e de outro, as intera����es da popula����o com os a��aizais, atrav��s dos diversos sistemas de manejo, adotados por contas da valoriza����o de tais recursos. Assim, mostra-se que a economia do a��a��, no plano socioecon��mico, �� caracterizada por "mudan��as" e "continuidades" e na esfera das intera����es homem/natureza, apresenta-se cada vez mais fortalecida pela intensifica����o das atividades de manejo.

L��minas de irriga����o e posi����es das linhas gotejadoras, superficial e subsuperficial, na cultura do mel��o

P��s-gradua����o em Agronomia (Irriga����o e Drenagem) - FCA

Import��ncia da presen��a de granula����es t��xicas para o diagn��stico hematol��gico de septicemia

Este trabalho visou investigar a associa����o da coexist��ncia da presen��a de granula����es t��xicas com resultados de hemocultura positivas, idade dos pacientes, condi����es de internamento e tipos de agentes bacterianos. Foi realizada an��lise retrospectiva e prospectiva, cega, para a presen��a de granula����es t��xicas em amostras sang����neas de trezentos pacientes, de ambos os sexos, internados em hospitais da Cidade de Bel��m ��� Par��, com solicita����o de hemocultura, num per��odo de dois anos. Com os hemogramas e as hemoculturas realizadas por m��todos de automa����o, e todos os dados submetidos �� metodologia de compara����o estat��stica pelo Qui-quadrado (m��todo de clump). Nossos resultados mostraram a exist��ncia de associa����o estat��stica entre: (1) a presen��a de granula����es t��xicas e os resultados de hemoculturas positivas; (2) a menor idade dos pacientes (neonatos) associadas a hemocultura positiva; (3) a condi����o de internamento em UTI com hemocultura positiva; e (4) a presen��a de granula����es t��xicas e a observa����o de leucocitose e desvio �� esquerda, em pacientes internados em UTI, com hemoculturas positivas. E que os cinco principais agentes bacterianos identificados nas hemoculturas deste estudo foram Klebsiella oxytoca (22%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (20%), Escherichia coli (18%), Enterobacter cloacae (14%), e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%).

Mudan��as sociais e energia el��trica na Vila de S��o Sebastião, interior do Par��

Esta disserta����o apresenta um estudo sobre as mudan��as sociais ocorridas na Vila de S��o Sebastião, no Distrito de Guajar��-A����, pertencente ao munic��pio de Bujaru, Estado do Par��. A discuss��o procurou associar a chegada da energia el��trica em 2005, como elemento da modernidade que resultou em altera����es no modo de vida tradicional. N��o se pretendeu fazer um estudo com generaliza����es infundadas, acerca da rela����o energia el��trica/mudan��as sociais, mas estabelecer uma an��lise sociol��gica capaz de fomentar explica����es plaus��veis desse processo. Objetivou-se fazer uma revis��o da literatura que trata do conceito de mudan��a social, para que fossem verificadas as abordagens que tratam do tema. Al��m disso, retratar o munic��pio de Bujaru dentro do contexto do Programa ���Luz Para Todos���, do Governo federal, bem como, verificar atrav��s de pesquisa de campo, as percep����es dos moradores (as) de S��o Sebastião sobre a chegada da energia el��trica, seus usos, as rela����es estabelecidas, as mudan��as no cotidiano, ang��stias e alegrias. Os resultados que a pesquisa possibilitou tanto na parte da abordagem te��rica, quanto na conjun����o desta com os dados emp��ricos, demonstraram que a energia el��trica foi tida, em geral, como algo importante que chegou para modificar a vida das pessoas, no sentido de incluir novas rotinas, novos h��bitos alimentares, a����es produtivas e comportamentos. No entanto, o incremento energ��tico est�� sendo insuficiente para atender as demandas por sa��de, educa����o, gera����o de renda e emprego no local.