El programa bolsa familia y el derecho humano al desarrollo en el gobierno de Luis Inácio Lula Da Silva, 2004-2008

El programa Bolsa Família es considerado como la principal política pública de corte social desarrollada en el marco del gobierno brasileño de Luis Inácio Lula da Silva y está orientada a garantizar el derecho a la alimentación, a la salud y a la educación de familias que se encuentran en situación de pobreza o pobreza extrema. El objetivo de Bolsa Família es remover las fuentes de privación de libertad, la miseria y pobreza de las familias beneficiarias, a través del fortalecimiento del ejercicio de los mencionados derechos, lo que representa un aporte potencial a la realización de los Derechos Económicos Sociales y Culturales y de forma indirecta, sienta bases operativas a la realización del derecho humano al desarrollo de sus beneficiarios. Este programa evade la concepción tradicional de desarrollo, direccionada simplemente al crecimiento económico y a la elevación de índices como el producto interno bruto – PIB. Esta política pública es considerada como una herramienta fundamental en la ardua tarea de disminuir las desigualdades sociales en Brasil.

La (re) construcción de la figura de Manuela Sáenz en la novela de Luis Zúñiga, Manuela; y Denzil Romero, La esposa del doctor Thorne

Manuela Sáenz aparece dentro de la historiografía nacional como uno de los personajes primordiales para edificar la memoria histórica colectiva. Sin embargo, esto no implica que la reconstrucción de esta mujer siempre se erigiera desde el reconocimiento histórico. De acuerdo a investigaciones realizadas, al inicio existió cierto ocultamiento y negación de la figura femenina de la heroína quiteña. Es en las últimas décadas que se realiza una reivindicación de su figura y que surgen varias interpretaciones desde diferentes materias y ámbitos; estos hechos han generado un sinnúmero de representaciones en torno a este singular personaje. En este sentido, la literatura elabora innumerables discursos sociales desde sus recursos narrativos para reconstruir a Manuela Sáenz como personaje literario. En este trabajo de tesis, desde el análisis crítico literario, se abordan dos miradas diferentes en las formas de representación que se han generado de Manuela Sáenz en dos obras literarias contemporáneas. Los textos utilizados para el análisis son: las novelas Manuela, de Luis Zúñiga, y La Esposa del Dr. Thorne, de Denzil Romero. Es a partir de estas dos novelas y en un ejercicio de literatura comparada que se pretende explorar e investigar las distintas construcciones que desde el género y la memoria se han elaborado sobre un mismo objeto de estudio que vendría a ser Manuela Sáenz. Se realizará una lectura crítica al respecto mostrando algunas diferencias y contrastes, los mismos que surgen de las variadas exploraciones en cuanto a la reconstrucción que se realiza de este personaje dentro del imaginario literario a través del texto escrito.

La teoría del aprendizaje significativo de David Ausubel en la aplicación de los textos de estudios sociales proporcionados por el Ministerio de Educación a los octavos años del Colegio Técnico Referencial "Luis Fernando Ruiz" de Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi, en el año lectivo 2012-2013

En momentos en que la principal preocupación es mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje (enseñanza de calidad), el docente debe encontrar los medios más efectivos para alcanzar los objetivos educativos y de esta manera lograr un aprendizaje significativo. El concepto de aprendizaje significativo fue desarrollado por David Ausubel para tratar de comprender desde el punto de la psicología, como se produce el aprendizaje en el sujeto, así como sus limitaciones para lo cual relacionó las prácticas educativas de entonces con su teoría. El proceso demanda, además de la mediación efectiva del docente, del apoyo de materiales educativos que a decir de Ausubel son parte fundamental en el proceso del aprendizaje significativo, en este caso el material potencialmente significativo. Esta investigación efectúa un análisis de un texto escolar de Estudios sociales para octavo año, con el fin de establecer si este permite o dificulta el aprendizaje significativo en el contexto de la reflexión teórica de Ausubel. Aunque el objeto de estudio es el texto de trabajo de los estudiantes, se utilizó como referente del aprendizaje a docentes y estudiantes del Colegio Técnico Referencial “Luis Fernando Ruiz con el fin de lograr una mejor estimación de la efectividad del texto para apoyar el aprendizaje.

El fenómeno de la poesía conversacional en la obra de Luis Rogelio Nogueras

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene por objeto analizar cuáles fueron las circunstancias que dieron lugar a que el fenómeno de la poesía conversacional se haga presente en la poética cubana de los años setenta, tomando como caso específico la obra de Luis Rogelio Nogueras, poeta nacido en La Habana en 1944. El desarrollo de esta tesis pretende dar cuenta de cuáles fueron las condiciones que atravesaba la poesía en los años anteriores a 1959, año del triunfo de la Revolución cubana ante la dictadura de Fulgencio Batista, lo que desencadena un proceso de constitución de un nuevo público lector así como un nuevo enfoque de la poesía. Finalmente este trabajo analizará las claves intertextuales, de contexto y contenido en las que se enmarca la obra de Luis Rogelio Nogueras, así como las características que integran la corriente poética llamada conversacional.

Assessment the Health Hazard from (222)Rn in Old Metalliferous Mines in San Luis, Argentina

Radon levels in two old mines in San Luis, Argentina, are reported and analyzed. The radiation dose and environmental health risk of (222)Rn concentrations to both guides and visitors were estimated. CR-39 nuclear track detectors were used for this purpose. The values for the (222)Rn concentration at each monitoring site ranged from 0.43 +/- 0.04 to 1.48 +/- 0.12 kBq m(-3) in the Los Cndores wolfram mine and from 1.8 +/- 0.1 to 6.0 +/- 0.5 kBq center dot m(-3) in the La Carolina gold mine, indicating that, in this mine, the radon levels exceed up to four times the action level of 1.5 kBq m(-3) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The patterns of the radon transport process revealed that the La Carolina gold mine can be interpreted as a gas confined into a single tube with constant cross-section and air velocity. Patterns of radon activity, taking into account the chimney-effect winds, were used to detect tributary currents of air from shafts or larger fissures along the main adit of the Los Cndores mine, showing that radon can be used as an important tracer of tributary air currents stream out from fissures and smaller voids in the rock of the mine.

Occupational exposure to radon and natural gamma radiation in the La Carolina, a former gold mine in San Luis Province, Argentina

Radon and gamma radiation level measurements were carried out inside the La Carolina mine, one of the oldest gold mining camps of southern South America, which is open for touristic visits nowadays. CR-39 track-etch detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters of natural CaF(2) and LiF TLD-100 were exposed at 14 points along the mine tunnels in order to estimate the mean (222)Rn concentration and the ambient dose equivalent during the summer season (November 2008 to February 2009). The values for the (222)Rn concentration at each monitoring site ranged from 1.8 +/- 0.1 kBq m(-3) to 6.0 +/- 0.5 kBq m(-3), with a mean value of 4.8 kBq m(-3), indicating that these measurements exceed in about three times the upper action level recommended by ICRP for workplaces. The correlations between radon and gamma radiation levels inside the mine were also investigated. Effective doses due to (222)Rn and gamma rays inside the mine were determined, resulting in negligible values to tourists. Considering the effective dose to the mine tourist guides, values exceeding 20 mSv of internal contribution to the effective doses can be reached, depending on the number of working hours inside the mine. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Petrology and geochemistry of the banded iron formation in the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of San Luis (Argentina): Implications for the evolution of the Nogoli Metamorphic Complex

The metamorphosed banded iron formation from the Nogoli Metamorphic Complex of western Sierra de San Luis, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina (Nogoli area, 32 degrees 55`S-66 degrees 15`W) is classified as an oxide facies iron formation of Algoma Type, with a tectonic setting possibly associated with an island arc or back arc, on the basis of field mapping, mineral and textural arrangements and whole rock geochemical features. The origin of banded iron formation is mainly related to chemical precipitation of hydrogenous sediments from seawater in oceanic environments. The primary chemical precipitate is a result of solutions that represent mixtures of seawater and hydrothermal fluids, with significant dilution by maficultramafic volcanic and siliciclastic materials. Multi-stage T(DM) model ages of 1670, 1854 and 1939 Ma and positive, mantle-like xi Nd((1502)) values of +3.8, +1.5 and +0.5 from the banded iron formation are around the range of those mafic to ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks of Nogoli Metamorphic Complex, which are between 1679 and 1765 Ma and +2.64 and +3.68, respectively. This Sm and Nd isotopic connection suggests a close genetic relationship between ferruginous and mafic-ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks, as part of the same island arc or back arc setting. A previous Sm-Nd whole rock isochron of similar to 1.5 Ga performed on mafic-ultramafic meta-volcanic rocks led to the interpretation that chemical sedimentation as old as Mesoproterozoic is possible for the banded iron formation. A clockwise P-T path can be inferred for the regional metamorphic evolution of the banded iron formation, with three distinctive trajectories: (1) Relict prograde M(1)-M(3) segment with gradual P and T increase from greenschist facies at M(1) to amphibolite facies at M(3). (2) Peak P-T conditions at high amphibolite-low granulite facies during M(4). (3) Retrograde counterpart of M(4), that returns from amphibolite facies and stabilizes at greenschist facies during M(5). Each trajectory may be regarded as produced by different tectonic events related to the Pampean? (1) and the Famatinian (2 and 3) orogenies, during the Early to Middle Paleozoic. The Nogoli Metamorphic Complex is interpreted as part of a greenstone belt within the large Meso- to Neoproterozoic Pampean Terrane of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luis Millones, Charles A. Dana Associate Professor of Spanish

Luis Millones, Charles A. Dana Associate Professor of Spanish reading Pliny's A Historie of the World

Impactos emocionais causados pela mudança de estilo de gestão em um hospital na cidade de São Luis-MA

The objective of this study is to identify how a health institution can minimize the emotional impacts caused by the change of a style of classic management for a participative administration, that the workers and controllers can see the institution as a dynamic organization, that must be faced as an alive system, mobile and adaptable, where they is beings that have the right to react and to answer to the stimulatons. For that, the institution can handle motivator¿s instruments that develop in the people the potential to react of adequate way to the changes proposals, as well as increasing the perspective of possible technological improvements and interpersonal relationship between the internal and external customers. To change the style to manage, to hear the staff of support and user, are not part of the routine of the heads that develop classic management. This decision demands adaptation and flexibility, study, update and psychological preparation, to face common feelings to the new. It fits to the new directors, to visualize these feelings and work to minimize, avoiding future upheavals and the confrontation of situations that can harm the production of the company, as well as the quality of the communication between the diverse dimensions of the organization people. In this study case, based in phenomenological methodology, was possible to verify, through half-open interviews and comments, how was faced the feelings caused at the old direction time, composed for military who withheld the power and determined the actions of the hospital in study, was replaced by health professionals, that saw in the work team the best option to solve the problems and the potential to carry through an administration based in adequate strategies the reality of the moment, with the objective of reaching the satisfaction of the customer. Through this work, is possible to prove the theory that the changes cause impacts that affect the behavior of the people involved and cause stress, as well as conclude that despite the new direction show themselves, during the change, much made use to make right and involve all the workers, didn¿t have traced strategies to minimize the emotional impacts caused by the changes, what made all face their feelings of doubts and anxiety without no special care. Many obtained, by themselves, to face and to adapt the new proposals, but some could not assimilate the new administrative methodology and had been moved away definitively from the institution.