Flora ornamental de Medellín: de traje verde: ¡cuídese del borrachero!

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

The botanic garden; : consisting of highly finished figures of hardy ornamental flowering plants, cultivated in Great Britain; with their names, orders, history, qualities, culture, and physiological observations. /

"With this were issued in portions: 'The auctarium of the Botanic garden', the 'Floral register', 'A dictionary of English-Latin terms' ... and 'The fruitist',"--British mus. (Nat. hist.) Catalogue.

O uso de ciliados Euplotes sp. em aquacultura ornamental: Otimização das condições de cultivo

Estima-se que menos de 10% dos animais marinhos comercializados para fins ornamentais sejam originários de produção em aquacultura. O desenvolvimento de “hatchery’s” de peixes de recife são essenciais para uma reprodução em cativeiro, confiável e sustentável, para que seja possível reduzir a pressão sobre as populações selvagens. O principal entrave à aquacultura ornamental marinha é a criação de larvas, devido à dificuldade em obter um alimento vivo, uma vez que, estas são muito pequenas quando eclodem. Rotíferos e artémia são as presas vivas mais utilizados na produção de peixes marinhos, mas não são utilizadas para larvas de peixes ornamentais devido à sua dimensão. Recentemente, os ciliados Euplotes sp. surgiram como uma potencial presa viva estas para larvas, devido ao seu pequeno tamanho, podem preencher a lacuna existente entre a primeira alimentação e a aceitação de rotíferos ou náuplios de copépodes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar as condições de cultivo quer de alimentação (melhor alimentação, frequência e quantidade), fotoperíodo, salinidade e temperatura para a produção em massa de Euplotes sp.. Os principais resultados mostraram que as culturas de Euplotes sp. podem alcançar o seu crescimento ótimo com o fornecimento de 0,25 g/L de levedura de padeiro (S.cereviviae) a cada três dias, salinidade 30, 28ºC de temperatura, fotoperíodo de 12hLuz:12hEscuro, com arejamento constante. Neste momento, o conhecimento sobre a produção em escala de ciliados é muito reduzido e este estudo veio fornecer, pela primeira vez, informações técnicas sobre as condições ideais para a produção em escala deste potencial alimento de larvas de peixes marinhos ornamentais.

Expansion of sunflower crop production in Brazil: a survey of future trends.

Sunflower cropped area in Brazil has been showing potential possibilities to be increased in a short period of time for biofuel production. Planning the activities is one of the requirements for the success of future cropped area expansion. This requires a previous survey that identifies future trends in the transformation and rearrangement of the sunflower agro-industry sector and also identifies technological needs that may affect this process. With the objectives of identify future trends and technological needs, a value production chain was built and a questionary was applied to agents of all the sectors participating at the V National Brazilian Symposium of Sunflower and at the XVII Sunflower National Research Meeting Network. The results pointed out a strong tendency for area expansion in the next two to five years (75%); being as a secondary follow-up crop (83%) specially after soybean and top be used for biofuel (77%). The main research needs were linked with disease control, crop zoning and varietal improvement for disease resistance and high oleic oil content. Also considering the vision of and concerns regarding the future expansion and transformation of the sunflower productive complex, it is believed that the expansion is a consolidated trend, requiring a strategic sector planning associated with an economic and technological police for its success within the Brazilian agribusiness.

Sunflower and peanut emergency : initial development under sugarcane mulch.

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of residual sugarcane mulch on sunflower and peanut plant emergence and initial development. Vases of 4.0 L were disposed in a randomized experimental blocks design, with four replications, in a factorial arrangement of five mulch amounts and three cultivars of each crop. The mulch treatments consisted of four increasing amounts (5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1) and a tester with no mulch. The sunflower cultivars were the varieties IAC-iarama and Catissol and the hybrid H-358; the peanut cultivars were IAC-Caiapó, Runner 886 and Tatu. The speed emergency index and final percentage, the plant height and shoot dry mass were evaluated. The presence of different levels of sugarcane mulch negatively influences the emergency and initial plant development mainly in peanut but also in sunflower. The negative effects are stronger especially for the runner type of peanut cultivars, while cultivar Tatu was less influenced by the mulch thickness.

Initial growth of sunflower in soils with high concentrations of boron and heavy metals.

Phytoremediation studies have been conducted in an area contaminated by heavy metals, located in Piracicaba - SP, Brazil. This area was contaminated accidentally by the addition of auto scrap shredding to the soil and was limed later to reduce heavy metal mobility in the environment. Previous characterization showed that it also presents high concentration of boron, which has limited the initial plant development of some species. As sunflower plants require a high boron supply and the literature describes its use in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals under some conditions, the aim of this work was to evaluate its potential for the remediation of this area. In the present study, the results of preliminary tests are presented, aiming at the evaluation of sunflower plant germination and its initial development when cultivated in the contaminated soil described. Two sunflower hybrids were sown in soils treated with different rates of boron and in the soil from the contaminated area in study. The results showed that sunflower plants had a normal initial development, even in the soil from the contaminated area. Therefore, sunflower is a promising crop and further studies will be developed to evaluate the sunflower efficiency in phytoextraction or phytostabilization of heavy metals in areas where boron contamination also occurs, as is the case in the study area.

Expansion of sunflower crop production in Brazil: a survey of future trends.

2008

Sunflower and peanut emergency: initial development under sugarcane mulch.

2008

Initial growth of sunflower in soils with high concentrations of boron and heavy metals.

2008

Environmental effect on sunflower oil quality.

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed crops and produces a high-quality edible oil. Balance of fatty acids in standard sunflower oil shows preponderance of linoleic rather than oleic acid, and conditions during seed development, such as temperature, changes the oleic/linoleic ratio of the oil. This work aimed to evaluate the environmental effect on fatty acid profile in a group of standard and high oleic varieties and hybrids. Seeds were produced during regular season crop and during off-season crop featuring different temperatures from anthesis to maturity. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Levels of oleic acid, in standard oil genotypes, raised as the crop developed in warmer environment while levels of linoleic acid decreased, and the opposite was observed when the crop was grown under lower temperature. High oleic genotypes were less sensitive to environment switching and showed lower variation on fatty acid composition.

Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus brachyurus in sunflower cultivars adapted to the tropical region of Brazil.

The continuous soybean-maize crop succession in the tropical region of Brazil has led to significant increases in the population size of root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica ) and root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus brachyurus), which make soils unsuitable for soybean cropping. A greenhouse study was conducted to identify sunflower genotypes adapted to the tropical region of Brazil and that are resistant to M. incognita, M. javanica and/or P. brachyurus . Two experiments for each nematode were conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Gall index was calculated from visual scores (0?5) of gall intensity on roots for the root-knot nematode. Initial and final population density and reproduction factor were also measured for each nematode. Sunflower genotypes varied in resistance to the nematodes. Sunflower hybrids BRS 321 and BRS 323 were resistant to M. javanica and P. brachyurus and exhibited low gall index for M. incognita . The cultivars are good alternatives to using in the succession of soybean in nematode-infested areas of the tropical regions of Brazil. No sunflower genotype was identified as resistant to M. incognita and thus sunflower cropping is not indicated in areas infested with this nematode.

The development of a serological-based diagnostic test for Dasheen mosaic potyvirus (DsMV)

Dasheen mosaic potyvirus (DsMV) is an important virus affecting taro. The virus has been found wherever taro is grown and infects both the edible and ornamental aroids, causing yield losses of up to 60%. The presence of DsMV, and other viruses,prevents the international movement of taro germplasm between countries. This has a significant negative impact on taro production in many countries due to the inability to access improved taro lines produced in breeding programs. To overcome this problem, sensitive and reliable virus diagnostic tests need to be developed to enable the indexing of taro germplasm. The aim of this study was to generate an antiserum against a recombinant DsMV coat protein (CP) and to develop a serological-based diagnostic test that would detect Pacific Island isolates of the virus. The CP-coding region of 16 DsMV isolates from Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Vietnam were amplified,cloned and sequenced. The size of the CP-coding region ranged from 939 to 1038 nucleotides and encoded putative proteins ranged from 313 to 346 amino acids, with the molecular mass ranging from 34 to 38 kDa. Analysis ofthe amino acid sequences revealed the presence of several amino acid motifs typically found in potyviruses,including DAG, WCIE/DN, RQ and AFDF. When the amino acid sequences were compared with each other and the DsMV sequences on the database, the maximum variability was21.9%. When the core region ofthe CP was analysed, the maximum variability dropped to 6% indicating most variability was present in the N terminus. Within seven PNG isolates ofDsMV, the maximum variability was 16.9% and 3.9% over the entire CP-coding region and core region, respectively. The sequence ofPNG isolate P1 was most similar to all other sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that almost all isolates grouped according to their provenance. Further, the seven PNG isolates were grouped according to the region within PNG from which they were obtained. Due to the extensive variability over the entire CP-coding region, the core region ofthe CP ofPNG isolate Pl was cloned into a protein expression vector and expressed as a recombinant protein. The protein was purified by chromatography and SDS-PAGE and used as an antigen to generate antiserum in a rabbit. In western blots, the antiserum reacted with bands of approximately 45-47 kDa in extracts from purified DsMV and from known DsMV -infected plants from PNG; no bands were observed using healthy plant extracts. The antiserum was subsequently incorporated into an indirect ELISA. This procedure was found to be very sensitive and detected DsMV in sap diluted at least 1:1,000. Using both western blot and ELISA formats,the antiserum was able to detect a wide range ofDsMV isolates including those from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. These plants were verified to be infected with DsMV by RT-PCR. In specificity tests, the antiserum was also found to react with sap from plants infected with SCMV, PRSV-P, PRSV-W, but not with PVY or CMV -infected plants.

Rice Tungro Bacilliform

Many well-known specialists have contributed to this book which presents for the first time an in-depth look at the viruses, their satellites and the retrotransposons infecting (or occuring in) one plant family: the Poaceae (Gramineae). After molecular and biological descriptions of the viruses to species level, virus diseases are presented by crop: barley, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, triticales, wheats, forage, ornamental and lawn. A detailed index of the viruses and taxonomic lists will help readers in the search for information.

Patterns

In recent years there has been widespread interest in patterns, perhaps provoked by a realisation that they constitute a fundamental brain activity and underpin many artificial intelligence systems. Theorised concepts of spatial patterns including scale, proportion, and symmetry, as well as social and psychological understandings are being revived through digital/parametric means of visualisation and production. The effect of pattern as an ornamental device has also changed from applied styling to mediated dynamic effect. The interior has also seen patterned motifs applied to wall coverings, linen, furniture and artefacts with the effect of enhancing aesthetic appreciation, or in some cases causing psychological and/or perceptual distress (Rodemann 1999). ----- ----- While much of this work concerns a repeating array of surface treatment, Philip Ball’s The Self- Made Tapestry: Pattern Formation in Nature (1999) suggests a number of ways that patterns are present at the macro and micro level, both in their formation and disposition. Unlike the conventional notion of a pattern being the regular repetition of a motif (geometrical or pictorial) he suggests that in nature they are not necessarily restricted to a repeating array of identical units, but also include those that are similar rather than identical (Ball 1999, 9). From his observations Ball argues that they need not necessarily all be the same size, but do share similar features that we recognise as typical. Examples include self-organized patterns on a grand scale such as sand dunes, or fractal networks caused by rivers on hills and mountains, through to patterns of flow observed in both scientific experiments and the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci.

Dryness : the aesthetic condition of landscape design in Australia

Despite having a band of greenness around the edge, Australia is fundamentally a dry country. Australian vegetation has developed a high range of mechanisms to cope with the dryness, but after 200 years of white settlement, Australians still have not really come to terms with the real dryness of their country, and still exploit European paradigms that attempted to transplant European aesthetic conditions, greenness, to the brown land of Australia. Australia is going through serious water shortages that are still and will continue with the Greenhouse effect, to become a major factor in the location and extent of urbanisation, and also Australia's carrying capacity. While such aesthetic concerns might seem ornamental, until the population changes its attitude to the real condition of the country, it will keep using water and operating unsustainably. The design of the public landscape, however, offers the opportunity to contribute to changing people's aesthetic perception of the country, which might in turn help to redirect their water use practices. This essay develops a language for discussion dryness based around the experiences of water. After having developed this sensibility it then discusses a range of different approaches that landscape design in Australia has used to try to develop geographically appropriate design languages, including the Bush Garden and the Mediterranean Garden. It then discusses four design projects, one from the 1970's, the other three from the last five years that demonstrate what such an aesthetic might look like.