Receipt from Chatfield and Neelon, St. Catharines for freezer, glass globe and fixtures

Receipt from Chatfield and Neelon, St. Catharines for freezer, glass globe and fixtures, July 1, 1887.

Indirect Bonding Method: in vitro Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength between Metallic Orthodontic Brackets and Different Porcelain Surface Preparations

Introduction : La force d’adhésion à l'interface métal-céramique avec les résines auto-polymérisantes destinées au collage indirect des boîtiers orthodontiques n'a pas été évaluée à ce jour et un protocole clinique basé sur la littérature scientifique est inexistant. Objectifs : 1) Comparer la force de cisaillement maximale entre des boîtiers métalliques et des surfaces en porcelaine préparées selon différentes méthodes; 2) Suggérer un protocole clinique efficace et prévisible. Matériel et méthodes : Quatre-vingt-dix disques en leucite (6 groupes; n = 15/groupe) ont été préparés selon 6 combinaisons de traitements de surface : mécaniques (+ / - fraisage pour créer les rugosités) et chimiques (acide fluorhydrique, apprêt, silane). Des bases en résine composite Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California) faites sur mesure ont été collées avec le système de résine adhésive auto-polymérisante Sondhi A + B Rapid Set (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California). Les échantillons ont été préservés (H2O/24hrs), thermocyclés (500 cycles) et testés en cisaillement (Instron, Norwood, Massachusetts). Des mesures d’Index d’adhésif résiduel (IAR) ont été compilées. Des tests ANOVAs ont été réalisés sur les rangs étant donné que les données suivaient une distribution anormale et ont été ajustés selon Tukey. Un Kruskall-Wallis, U-Mann Whitney par comparaison pairée et une analyse de Weibull ont aussi été réalisés. Résultats : Les médianes des groupes varient entre 17.0 MPa (- fraisage + acide fluorhydrique) à 26.7 MPa (- fraisage + acide fluorhydrique + silane). Le fraisage en surface ne semble pas affecter l’adhésion. La combinaison chimique (- fraisage + silane + apprêt) a démontré des forces de cisaillement significativement plus élevées que le traitement avec (- fraisage + acide fluorhydrique), p<0,05, tout en possédant des forces similaires au protocole typiquement suggéré à l’acide fluorhydrique suivi d’une application de silane, l’équivalence de (- fraisage + acide fluorhydrique + silane). Les mesures d’IAR sont significativement plus basses dans le groupe (- fraisage + acide fluorhydrique) en comparaison avec celles des 5 autres groupes, avec p<0,05. Malheureusement, ces 5 groupes ont des taux de fracture élévés de 80 à 100% suite à la décimentation des boîtiers. Conclusion : Toutes les combinaisons de traitement de surface testées offrent une force d’adhésion cliniquement suffisante pour accomplir les mouvements dentaires en orthodontie. Une application de silane suivie d’un apprêt est forte intéressante, car elle est simple à appliquer cliniquement tout en permettant une excellente adhésion. Il faut cependant avertir les patients qu’il y a un risque de fracture des restorations en céramique lorsque vient le moment d’enlever les broches. Si la priorité est de diminuer le risque d’endommager la porcelaine, un mordançage seul à l’acide hydrofluorique sera suffisant.

Ablation laser femtoseconde de verres métalliques de Cu_x Zr_(1−x) : une étude par dynamique moléculaire

L’ablation laser de verres métalliques de CuxZr1−x (x = 0.33, 0.50 et 0.67) et d’un alliage métallique cristallin de CuZr2 dans la structure C11b a été étudiée par dynamique moléculaire (DM) combinée à un modèle à deux températures (TTM). Le seuil d’ablation (Fth) a été déterminé pour chacun des 4 échantillons et s'est avéré plus bas pour les échantillons plus riches en Cu étant donné que la cohésion du Cu est plus faible que celle du Zr dans tous les échantillons. Pour x=0.33, Fth est plus bas pour le cristal que pour l’amorphe car le couplage électron-phonon est plus faible dans ce dernier, ce qui implique que l’énergie est transférée plus lentement du système électronique vers le système ionique pour le a-CuZr2 que le c-CuZr2. La vitesse de l’onde de pression créée par l’impact du laser croît avec la fluence dans l’échantillon cristallin, contrairement aux échantillons amorphes dans lesquels sa vitesse moyenne est relativement constante avec la fluence. Ceci est expliqué par le fait que le module de cisaillement croît avec la pression pour le cristal, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour les verres métalliques étudiés. Finalement, la zone affectée par la chaleur (HAZ) a été étudiée via la profondeur de fusion et les déformations plastiques. La plus faible température de fusion des échantillons amorphes implique que la profondeur de fusion est plus importante dans ceux-ci que dans l’échantillon cristallin. Dans les verres métalliques, les déformations plastiques ont été identifiées sous forme de zones de transformation par cisaillement (STZ) qui diffusent et fusionnent à plus haute fluence. Aucune déformation plastique importante n’a été identifiée dans le c-CuZr2 mis à part de légères déformations près du front de fusion causées par les contraintes résiduelles. Ce travail a ainsi permis d’améliorer notre compréhension de l’ablation laser sur les verres métalliques et de l’étendue des dommages qu’elle peut entraîner.

Growth and Characterisation of Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputttered Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films

The increasing interest in the interaction of light with electricity and electronically active materials made the materials and techniques for producing semitransparent electrically conducting films particularly attractive. Transparent conductors have found major applications in a number of electronic and optoelectronic devices including resistors, transparent heating elements, antistatic and electromagnetic shield coatings, transparent electrode for solar cells, antireflection coatings, heat reflecting mirrors in glass windows and many other. Tin doped indium oxide (indium tin oxide or ITO) is one of the most commonly used transparent conducting oxides. At present and likely well into the future this material offers best available performance in terms of conductivity and transmittivity combined with excellent environmental stability, reproducibility and good surface morphology. Although partial transparency, with a reduction in conductivity, can be obtained for very thin metallic films, high transparency and simultaneously high conductivity cannot be attained in intrinsic stoichiometric materials. The only way this can be achieved is by creating electron degeneracy in a wide bandgap (Eg > 3eV or more for visible radiation) material by controllably introducing non-stoichiometry and/or appropriate dopants. These conditions can be conveniently met for ITO as well as a number of other materials like Zinc oxide, Cadmium oxide etc. ITO shows interesting and technologically important combination of properties viz high luminous transmittance, high IR reflectance, good electrical conductivity, excellent substrate adherence and chemical inertness. ITO is a key part of solar cells, window coatings, energy efficient buildings, and flat panel displays. In solar cells, ITO can be the transparent, conducting top layer that lets light into the cell to shine the junction and lets electricity flow out. Improving the ITO layer can help improve the solar cell efficiency. A transparent ii conducting oxide is a material with high transparency in a derived part of the spectrum and high electrical conductivity. Beyond these key properties of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), ITO has a number of other key characteristics. The structure of ITO can be amorphous, crystalline, or mixed, depending on the deposition temperature and atmosphere. The electro-optical properties are a function of the crystallinity of the material. In general, ITO deposited at room temperature is amorphous, and ITO deposited at higher temperatures is crystalline. Depositing at high temperatures is more expensive than at room temperature, and this method may not be compatible with the underlying devices. The main objective of this thesis work is to optimise the growth conditions of Indium tin oxide thin films at low processing temperatures. The films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering under various deposition conditions. The films are also deposited on to flexible substrates by employing bias sputtering technique. The films thus grown were characterised using different tools. A powder x-ray diffractometer was used to analyse the crystalline nature of the films. The energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for evaluating the composition and morphology of the films. Optical properties were investigated using the UVVIS- NIR spectrophotometer by recording the transmission/absorption spectra. The electrical properties were studied using vander Pauw four probe technique. The plasma generated during the sputtering of the ITO target was analysed using Langmuir probe and optical emission spectral studies.

The Effect of Glass Additives on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba(Mg 1 /3Ta2/3)03 Ceramics

The effect of glass additives on the densification , phase evolution, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Mg1;3 Ta2i3)03 (BMT) was investigated . Different weight percentages of quenched glass such as B203 , Si02, B203-SiO2, ZnO-B203, 5ZnO-2B2O3, Al203-SiO2, Na20-2B203.10H20, BaO-B203-SiO2, MgO-B203-SiO2, PbO-B203-SiO2 , ZnO-B203-SiO2 and 2MgO-Al203-5SiO2 were added to calcined BMT precursor . The sintering temperature of the glass -added BMT samples were lowered down to 1300 °C compared to solid-state sintering where the temperature was 1650 °C. The formation of high temperature satellite phases such as Ba5Ta4O15 and Ba7Ta6O22 were found to be suppressed by the glass addition . Addition of glass systems such as B203, ZnO-B203, 5ZnO-2B203 and ZnO-B203-SiO2 improved the densification and microwave dielectric properties. Other glasses were found to react with BMT to form low-Q phases which prevented densification . The microwave dielectric properties of undoped BMT with a densification of 93 . 1 % of the theoretical density were Cr = 24 . 8, Tr = 8 ppm/°C and Q„ x f= 80,000 GHz. The BMT doped with 1.0 wt% of B203 has Q„ x f = 124,700GHz, Cr = 24.2, and T f = -1.3 ppm /°C. The unloaded Q factor of 0.2 wt% ZnO-B203-doped BMT was 136,500 GHz while that of 1.0 wt% of 5ZnO-2B203 added ceramic was Q„ x f= 141,800 GHz . The best microwave quality factor was observed for ZnO -B203-SiO2 (ZBS) glass-added ceramics which can act as a perfect liquid-phase medium for the sintering of BMT. The microwave dielectric properties of 0.2wt% ZBS-added BMT dielectric was Q„ x f= 152,800 GHz, F,= 25.5, and Tr = - 1.5 ppm/°C

Physical and optical properties of phthalocyanine doped inorganic glasses

Physical and optical properties of various free base and metallic phthalocyanine (Pc) doped glass matrix are reported for the first time. Absorption spectral measurements of H2Pc, MnPc, NiPc, CoPc, CuPc, MoOPc, ZnPc and FePc doped borate glass matrix have been made in the 200–1100 nm region and the spectra obtained are analyzed in the 2.1–6.2 eV region to obtain the optical band gap (Eg) and the width of the band tail (Et). Other important optical and physical parameters viz. refractive index (n), molar extinction coefficient ("), density (½), glass transition temperature (Tg), molecular concentration (N ), polaron radius (rp), intermolecular separation (R), molar refractivity (Rm) are also reported

Physical and optical properties of phthalocyanine doped inorganic glasses

Physical and optical properties of various free base and metallic phthalocyanine (Pc) doped glass matrix are reported for the first time. Absorption spectral measurements of H2Pc, MnPc, NiPc, CoPc, CuPc, MoOPc, ZnPc and FePc doped borate glass matrix have been made in the 200–1100 nm region and the spectra obtained are analyzed in the 2.1–6.2 eV region to obtain the optical band gap (Eg) and the width of the band tail (Et). Other important optical and physical parameters viz. refractive index (n), molar extinction coefficient ("), density (½), glass transition temperature (Tg), molecular concentration (N ), polaron radius (rp), intermolecular separation (R), molar refractivity (Rm) are also reported.

Physical and optical properties of phthalocyanine doped inorganic glasses

Physical and optical properties of various free base and metallic phthalocyanine (Pc) doped glass matrix are reported for the first time. Absorption spectral measurements of H2Pc, MnPc, NiPc, CoPc, CuPc, MoOPc, ZnPc and FePc doped borate glass matrix have been made in the 200–1100 nm region and the spectra obtained are analyzed in the 2.1–6.2 eV region to obtain the optical band gap (Eg) and the width of the band tail (Et). Other important optical and physical parameters viz. refractive index (n), molar extinction coefficient ("), density (½), glass transition temperature (Tg), molecular concentration (N ), polaron radius (rp), intermolecular separation (R), molar refractivity (Rm) are also reported.

Modification of Polypropylene/Glass Fiber Composites with Nanosilica

Poly(propylene) (PP) reinforced with short glass fiber was modified with precipitated nanosilica (pnS) by melt mixing. The weight of the glass fiber was varied by keeping the pnS at optimum level. The properties of the composites were studied using universal testing machine, dynamic mechanic analyser (DMA), differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analyser (TGA). The amount of the glass fiber required for a particular modulus could be reduced by the addition of nanosilica.

Emission spectral studies of phthalocyanines in borate glass matrix

Cochin University of Science & Technology

Spectroscopic and photoluminescence studies on optically transparent magnetic nanocomposites based on sol–gel glass: Fe3O4

Sol–gel glasses with Fe3O4 nanoparticles having particle sizes laying in the range 10–20 nm were encapsulated in the porous network of silica resulting in nanocomposites having both optical and magnetic properties. Spectroscopic and photoluminescence studies indicated that Fe3O4 nanocrystals are embedded in the silica matrix with no strong Si–O–Fe bonding. The composites exhibited a blue luminescence. The optical absorption edge of the composites red shifted with increasing concentration of Fe3O4 in the silica matrix. There is no obvious shift in the position of the luminescence peak with the concentration of Fe3O4 except that the intensity of the peak is decreased. The unique combinations of magnetic and optical properties are appealing for magneto–optical applications.