(Tables 1,2) Viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from different locations

Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different time-scales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures.

Paleoceanography on sediment core MD01-2416

IMAGES core MD01-2416 (51°N, 168°E) provides the first centennial-scale multiproxy record of Holocene variation in North Pacific sea-surface temperature (SST), salinity, and biogenic productivity. Our results reveal a gradual decrease in subarctic SST by 3-5 °C from 11.1 to 4.2 ka and a stepwise long-term decrease in sea surface salinity (SSS) by 2-3 p.s.u. Early Holocene SSS were as high as in the modern subtropical Pacific. The steep halocline and stratification that is characteristic of the present-day subarctic North Pacific surface ocean is a fairly recent feature, developed as a product of mid-Holocene environmental change. High SSS matched a salient productivity maximum of biogenic opal during Bølling-to-Early Holocene times, reaching levels similar to those observed during preglacial times in the warm mid-Pliocene prior to 2.73 Ma. Similar productivity spikes marked every preceding glacial termination of the last 800 ka, indicating recurrent short-term events of mid-Pliocene-style intense upwelling of nutrient-rich Pacific Deepwater in the Pleistocene. Such events led to a repeated exposure of CO2-rich deepwater at the ocean surface facilitating a transient CO2 release to the atmosphere, but the timing and duration of these events repudiate a long-term influence of the subarctic North Pacific on global atmospheric CO2 concentration.

1994/1995 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: assistant coach Carol Owens, assistant coach Kathy LaBarge Miles, manager Danielle Hill, Jennifer Kiefer, Akisha Franklin, Mekisha Ross, Silver Shellman, Amy Johnson, Shauna Sikorski, Semelda Elverton, manager Ngina Colston, assistant coach Sandy Thomas, head coach Trish Roberts

Front Row: Catherine DiGiacinto, Molly Murray, Jennifer Brzezinski, Pollyanna Johns, Tiffany Willard, Tennile Caruthers, Maritza DuBois

1994/1995 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: Molly Murray, Tennille Caruthers, Catherine DiGiacinto, Pollyanna Johns, Jennifer Brzezinski, Tiffany Willard, Shauna Sikorski

Front Row: head coach Trish Roberts, ass't coach Sandy Thomas, Jennifer Kiefer, Amy Johnson, Semelda Johnson, Mekisha Ross, Akisha Franklin, Silver Shellman, Maritza DuBois, ass't coach Kathy LaBarge Miles ass't coach Carol Owens

1995/1996 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: ass't coach Danny Evans, ass't coach Amy Cherubini, Tiffany Willard, Molly Murray, Anne Poglits, Pollyanna Johns, Catherine DiGiacinto, Shauna Sikorski, ass coach Sandy Thomas, head coach Trish Roberts

Front Row: Mekisha Ross, Kelly McEnhill, Jennifer Kiefer, Silver Shellman, Jennifer Brzezinski, Amy Johnson, Ann Lemire, Akisha Franklin

1996/1997 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: ass't coach Eileen Shea, manager Ngina Colston, Molly Murray, Silver Shellman, Shauna Sikorski, Anne Poglits, Catherine DiGiacinto, Tiffany Willard, Kenisha Walker, Pollyanna Johns, ass't coach Yvette Harris

Middle Row: trainer Susan Graham, Amy Johnson, Ann Lemire, Jennifer Kiefer, Akisha Franklin, Mekisha Ross, Stacy Thomas, Jaye Peterson, Angie Phillips

Front Row: ass't coach Yulonda Wimbish, head coach Sue Guevara

1996/1997 UM Women's Basketball Team

Back Row: Molly Murray, Silver Shellman, Shauna Sikorski, Anne Poglitz, Catherine DiGiacinto, Tiffany Willard, Kenisha Walker, Pollyanna Johns

Front Row: Amy Johnson, Ann Lemire, Jennifer Kiefer, Akisha Franklin, Mekisha Ross, Stacy Thomas

Hospital wastes /

An environmental protection publication in the solid waste management series.