The 1452 or 1453 A.D. Kuwae Eruption Signal Derived from Multiple Ice Core Records: Greatest Volcanic Sulfate Event of the Past 700 Years

We combined 33 ice core records, 13 from the Northern Hemisphere and 20 from the Southern Hemisphere, to determine the timing and magnitude of the great Kuwae eruption in the mid-15th century. We extracted volcanic deposition signals by applying a high-pass loess filter to the time series and examining peaks that exceed twice the 31 year running median absolute deviation. By accounting for the dating uncertainties associated with each record, these ice core records together reveal a large volcanogenic acid deposition event during 1453 - 1457 A. D. The results suggest only one major stratospheric injection from the Kuwae eruption and confirm previous findings that the Kuwae eruption took place in late 1452 or early 1453, which may serve as a reference to evaluate and improve the dating of ice core records. The average total sulfate deposition from the Kuwae eruption was 93 kg SO4/km(2) in Antarctica and 25 kg SO4/km(2) in Greenland. The deposition in Greenland was probably underestimated since it was the average value of only two northern Greenland sites with very low accumulation rates. After taking the spatial variation into consideration, the average Kuwae deposition in Greenland was estimated to be 45 kg SO4/km(2). By applying the same technique to the other major eruptions of the past 700 years our result suggests that the Kuwae eruption was the largest stratospheric sulfate event of that period, probably surpassing the total sulfate deposition of the Tambora eruption of 1815, which produced 59 kg SO4/km(2) in Antarctica and 50 kg SO4/km(2) in Greenland.

Aus der Geschichte der Juden in Regensburg von der Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts bis zur Vertreibung im Jahre 1519

von A. Freimann

Der Deutsche Reichsadler oder Geschichtlicher Beweis, daß der von Karl d. G. als Reichsabzeichen angenommene Römische Adler seit 1519 mit einem zweiten Kopfe stetig verunstaltet worden sei : nebst einem die staatliche Umgestaltung Deutschlands betreffenden Vorworte und 26 erläuternden Abbildungen von Siegeln und Münzen

Boberach: Statt des Doppeladlers soll der ursprüngliche einfache Adler, der auch auf den abgebildeten Siegeln und Münzen der Kaiser von Ludwig dem Frommen bis Maximilian I. erscheint, Hoheitszeichen sein. Die Umgestaltung Deutschlands bietet die Gelegenheit der Besinnung auf das Werk der Hohenstaufen. Der Reichstag soll von der besitzenden und der nichtbesitzenden Klasse paritätisch gewählt werden und auf Vorschlag der Fürsten das mit suspensivem Veto ausgestattete Reichsoberhaupt auf fünf Jahre wählen. - Wentzke: Reichsoberhaupt von der Volksvertretung, dem Reichstag, auf Vorschlag der Fürsten auf 5 Jahre zu wählen, mit suspensivem Veto. Zum Reichstag wählen die besitzende und die nichtbesitzende Klasse je eine gleiche Anzahl von Abgeordneten

Zur Geschichte der Vertreibung der Juden aus Rothenburg o./Tauber 1519/20

August Schnizlein

Ms. germ. qu. 51 - Mainzer Chronik 1332 - 1452

Vorbesitzer: Johann Friedrich Faust von Aschaffenburg; Wilhelm Fitzer; Matthaeus Merian; Johann Maximilian zum Jungen;

Ms. Ff. Mus. 1452 - Weichet fort aus meiner Seele : Dom. XV. post Trinitatis ; pp. C. A. T. B., 2 corni da caccia, 2 violini, 2 viole, 2 oboe, violoncello e organo

di Telemann

Ms. lat. oct. 227 - Dienstbuch des Leonardo Lolino

Vorbesitzer: Leonardo Lolino

Rodríguez Duplá, Leonardo. Ética de la vida buena, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 2006, 180 pp., ISBN 84-330-2077-3.

Fil: Massini Correas, Carlos I..

Leonardo Castellani: "El Ruiseñor Fusilado" y "El Místico". (Buenos Aires, Ediciones Penca, 1952). 1 Vol. de 314 págs. Impreso en 1975.

Fil: Introna, Ana María.

León Solís, Leonardo. Plebeyos y patricios en Chile colonial, 1750-1772. La gesta innoble. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, 2015, 334 páginas. ISBN: 978-956-11-2459-2.

Fil: Bonnassiolle Cortés, Marcelo. Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.