辽西半干旱地区主要作物耗水规律的初步研究

辽西半干旱地区主要作物耗水规律的初步研究王仕新刘作新赵焕胤庄季屏（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，１１００１５）ＡＰｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＷａｔｅｒＣｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆＭａｉｎＣｒｏｐｓｉｎｔｈｅＳｅｍｉａｒｉｄＡｒｅａｏｆＷｅｓｔＬ...

面向21世纪的土壤侵蚀研究——21世纪土壤侵蚀研究国际学术研讨会概况

人类进入 2 1世纪 ,土壤侵蚀问题已成为世界性环境问题中最为突出的问题。这是因为土壤侵蚀威胁着我们星球的生产力 ,包括粮食、纤维和可再生资源。据估计 ,在过去 50ａ间 ,土壤侵蚀已导致 4 .0× 10 8ｈｍ2 的土地丧失其生产力。另一方面 ,侵蚀泥沙及其伴随的养分和农药流失也对人类的生存环境 ,如空气和水质 ,造成严重污染 ,并引起其它一系列环境问题。如何减少土壤侵蚀所造成的损失和维持我们星球生产力的持续性 ,是土壤侵蚀和水土保持工作者亟需回答和解决的重要科学问题。尽管土壤侵蚀研究在上一个世纪取得了重要进展 ,然而 ,由于土壤侵蚀过程的复杂性和影响因子的多变性 ,有许多科学问题还有待进一步研究。例如 ,堤岸和河岸侵蚀过程、沟蚀过程和泥沙搬运等方面的研究仍很薄弱 ,沙尘暴在气候变化中的作用和侵蚀泥沙沉积对水生生物群落影响等方面的研究仍是空白。2 0 0 1年 1月 3— 5日 ,来自 3 0个国家和地区 2 10名土壤侵蚀和水土保持研究者会聚在美国夏威夷檀香山(Ｈｏｎｏｌｕｌｕ) ,共同讨论 2 1世纪土壤侵蚀研究面临的挑战和任务。2 1世纪国际土壤侵蚀研究学术研讨会由美国农业工程学会 (ＡＳＡＥ)主办...

子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响

通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究子午岭次生林区不同土地利用方式下的土壤性质状况,分析土地利用状况与土壤质量之间的关系,结果表明:不同土地利用方式表层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、pH值、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶含量或活性差异显著,农地主要土壤养分含量和酶活性较低,林地则较高。除pH值外,不同利用方式下土壤养分和酶活性均随土层深度的增加而逐渐减小。除土壤pH值外,不同利用方式下土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、铵态氮、脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶之间呈显著或极显著正相关性。以林地为对照的土壤退化指数表明农用地和撂荒翻耕地土壤质量退化显著,其表层(0～20cm)土壤退化指数分别为44.86%和43.10%;撂荒未翻耕地深层(20～130cm)土壤质量则有所提高。

Metal nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes - synthesis, functionalization and potential applications towards electrochemistry

This review focuses on the synthesis, assembly, surface functionalization, as well as application of inorganic nanostructures. Electrochemical and wet- chemical methods are demonstrated to be effective approaches to make metal nanostructures under control without addition of a reducing agent or protecting agent. Owing to the unique physical and chemical properties of the nano-sized materials, novel applications are introduced using inorganic nanomaterials, such as electrocatalysis, photoelectricity, spectrochemistry, and analytical chemistry.

Simple and Efficient Near-Infrared Organic Chromophores for Light-Emitting Diodes with Single Electroluminescent Emission above 1000 nm

A series of NIR organic chromophores with donor-pi-acceptor-pi-donor structure are synthesized. Good thermal stability and strong photoluminescence in solid state render them suitable for application in light-emitting diodes. Exclusive near-infrared emission at 1080 nm with external quantum efficiency of 0.28% is obtained from the nondoped OLEDs. The longest electroluminescence wave-length is 1220 nm.

Studies on the alkaloid components in Strychnos nux-vomical L. uncombined and combined with Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch

The alkaloid components in Strychnos nux-vomical L. uncombined and combined with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch have been investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ( ESI-MSn) and HPLC. The experimental results demonstrated that the number of strychnine and brucine all declined in combined Strychnos nux-vomical L. with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and the concentration level of strychnine fell obviously. The results of ESI-MS were identical to those of HPLC, which provided scientific basis for explanation of detoxicity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and the reasonable combination of Strychnos nux-vomical L.

Ti基准晶材料制备和贮氢性能研究进展

Ti基准晶材料具有热力学稳定的正二十面体构造,表现出特殊的传输特性、贮氢特性和力学特性等,相关研究受到广泛关注.近年,作者所在研究组在Ti基准晶的制备和贮氢性能研究方面取得了一些新进展.综合报道了Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu系准晶相及其复合相材料的制备和贮氢性能.

Synthesis, structure and norbornene polymerization behavior of nickel complexes bearing two beta-ketoiminato chelate ligands

A series of nickel(II) complexes bearing two nonsymmetric bidentate beta-ketoiminato chelate ligands have been prepared, and the structures of complexes [(2,6-Me2C6H3)NC(CH3)C(H)C(Ph)O](2)Ni (4a) and [(2,6-Me2C6H3)NC(CH3)C(H)C(CF3)O](2)Ni (4c) have been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These nickel(II) complexes were investigated as catalysts for the vinylic polymerization of norbornene. Using modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst, these complexes display very high activities and produce high molecular weight polymers. Catalytic activity of up to 1.16 x 10(4) kg/mol(Ni) .h and the viscosity-average molecular 9 weight of polymer of up to 870 kg/mol were observed. Catalyst activity, polymer yield, and polymer molecular weight could be controlled over a wide range by the variation of the reaction parameters such as Al/Ni molar ratio, norbornene/catalyst molar ratio, monomer concentration, polymerization reaction temperature and time.

Solution-phase synthesis of Au@ZnO core-shell composites

A novel solution-phase method for the preparation of Au@ZnO core-shell composites was described. With this method, the composites were grown without heating that is usually needed in other solution methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the diameter of Au@ZnO core-shell composites is about 10.5 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to characterize Au@ZnO core-shell composites. The optical properties of Au@ZnO core-shell composites, including UV-vis absorption and photo luminescence (PL), were observed at room temperature.

Coating carbon nanotubes with europium oxide

Carbon nanotubes (CNTS) coating with europium oxide by a simple method is reported in this letter for the first time. The CNTS were refluxed in a solution of nitric acid containing europium nitrate, and the pH value was subsequently ajusted with ammonia solution. At last, the mixture was filtered and annealed. The TEM micrograph showed that the CNTS were covered with a uniform thin layer with thickness of about 15 nm. The XRD results revealed that the CNTS were coated with europium oxide.

Serpentinization of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc

A detailed petrologic and mineralogic study was carried out on serpentinized peridotites dredged from the southern landward slopes of the Mariana Trench, in order to reveal the serpentinization process of these unusual rocks and to identify the sole presence of the mineral lizardite. The constituent minerals of these southern Mariana forearc peridotites are olivine, amphibole and spinel, as well as serpentine, chlorite and talc. Compared with serpentinite seamounts, the serpentinized peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc are characterized by the absence of magnetite and brucite, and the common presence of talc; besides, the serpentine mineral variety is simplex, only lizardite. Combining mineral chemistry and mineral phase relationships, we conclude that (1) the absence of magnetite in the serpentinized peridotites is due to incomplete serpentinization, other than magnetite, the iron end-member in olivine forms Fe-rich brucite and Fe-rich serpentine; (2) brucite is not stable with high silica activity, reacting with later SiO2-rich fluid and then forming lizardite, leading to a lack of brucite in these serpentinized peridotites; (3) the occurrence of talc is the result of later SiO2-rich fluid reactions with lizardite; and (4) the reason for the sole occurrence of lizardite is that the temperature condition of our study area was not high enough for the formation of antigorite (which is stable at > 500 degrees C). Despite the broad overlap of lizardite and chrysotile in growth temperature, differences in the modes of occurrence of lizardite and chrysotile, such as the scarcity of H2O, low porosity and permeability, as well as the actual situation of initial serpentinization in the study area, result in the absolute prevalence of lizardite over chrysotile in the area. (C) 2009 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.