The sorting behaviour of olfactory and vomeronasal axons during regeneration

In order to begin to understand how primary olfactory and vomeronasal organ (VNO) axons target specific regions of the olfactory bulb, we examined the sorting behaviour of these axons following neonatal unilateral olfactory bulbectomy. Bulbectomy induced widespread ipsilateral death of the primary olfactory and VNO neurons. After 4 weeks, many new sensory axons had re-grown into the cranial cavity and established a prominent plexus with evidence of dense tufts that were similar in gross appearance to glomeruli. Axons expressing the cell adhesion molecule OCAM, which normally innervate the ventrolateral and rostral halves of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, respectively, sorted out and segregated from those axons not expressing this molecule within the plexus. In addition, VNO axons formed large discrete bundles that segregated from main olfactory axons within the plexus. Thus, VNO and primary olfactory axons as well as discrete subpopulations of both are able to sort out and remain segregated in the absence of the olfactory bulb. Sorting and convergence of axons therefore occur independently of the olfactory bulb and are probably attributable either to inherent properties of the axons themselves or to interactions between the axons and accompanying glial ensheathing cells.

O PREGADOR SILENCIOSO: Ecumenismo no jornal Expositor Cristão (1886-1982)

O jornal Expositor Cristão, órgão oficial da Igreja Metodista no Brasil, nasceu em 1886, com uma proposta que se poderia chamar de ecumênica: seu primeiro nome, Methodista Catholico, revela o desejo de universalidade, confirmado pelo editorial de estréia. Seu criador, o missionário norte-americano John James Ransom, pretendia um veículo de orientação doutrinária que não fosse sectário, em consonância com a tradição wesleyana. Mas o Metodista Católico teve vida curta: em pouco mais de um ano passou a se chamar Expositor Cristão. O campo religioso brasileiro vivia, então, o período da controvérsia apologética, com a inserção do protestantismo de missão, de origem anglo-saxã, em contraposição ao catolicismo romano. O nome do recém-nascido jornal foi mais uma vítima dos embates. Este trabalho se dispôs a avaliar como o jornal tratou a questão do ecumenismo desde esse período até a entrada da Igreja Metodista no CONIC, Conselho Nacional de Igrejas Cristãs, no início da década de 1980. A pesquisa constatou que o anticatolicismo arraigado no metodismo brasileiro em seus primórdios jamais desapareceu por completo. Notou também que o metodismo não esteve imune aos conflitos interdenominacionais existentes no próprio meio evangélico. Em que pese o reconhecido pioneirismo da Igreja Metodista na criação de organismos ecumênicos brasileiros, o ecumenismo sempre enfrentou barreiras internas, mais ou menos explícitas. E o jornal Expositor Cristão, criado para ser um veículo de informação e formação doutrinária, nem sempre comunicou com a necessária clareza qual o significado que a Igreja Metodista confere à palavra ecumenismo e como ela o pratica. Em alguns momentos, a coexistência entre ecumenismo e antiecumenismo no interior do campo metodista não foi trazida à luz dos debates pelo jornal, mas permaneceu oculta por omissões e ambivalências. É o que este trabalho pôde constatar a partir de uma avaliação qualitativa do conteúdo do jornal.(AU)

James's rule and causes and consequences of a latitudinal cline in the demography of John's Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) in coastal waters of Australia

Demographic parameters were derived from sectioned otoliths of John’s Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) from 4 regions across 9° of latitude and 23° of longitude in northern Australia. Latitudinal variation in size and growth rates of this species greatly exceeded longitudinal variation. Populations of John’s Snapper farthest from the equator had the largest body sizes, in line with James’s rule, and the fastest growth rates, contrary to the temperature-size rule for ectotherms. A maximum age of 28.6 years, nearly 3 times previous estimates, was recorded and the largest individual was 990 mm in fork length. Females grew to a larger mean asymptotic fork length (L∞) than did males, a finding consistent with functional gonochorism. Otolith weight at age and gonad weight at length followed the same latitudinal trends seen in length at age. Length at maturity was ~72–87% of L∞ and varied by ~23% across the full latitudinal gradient, but age at first maturity was consistently in the range of 6–10 years, indicating that basic growth trajectories were similar across vastly different environments. We discuss both the need for complementary reproductive data in age-based studies and the insights gained from experiments where the concept of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance is applied to explain the mechanistic causes of James’s rule in tropical fish species.

James Evans : inventor of the syllabic system of the Cree language / by John McLean ... (Robin Rustler).

http://www.archive.org/details/jamesevans00maclrich

Letter to John and James Glover of Port Rowan from S.D. Woodruff regarding specifications on a building to be erected at Long Poin

Letter to John and James Glover of Port Rowan from S.D. Woodruff regarding specifications on a building to be erected at Long Point (1 ½ pages, handwritten), Feb. 10, 1875.

Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling : revisión de la modernidad en la arquitectura británica = Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling : review of modernity in British architecture

La búsqueda de nuevas formas de modernidad se convirtió en la cuestión principal de la obras desarrolladas por Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling entre los años 1955 y 1970. Enmarcadas dentro de la sensibilidad surgida en la posguerra británica, su profundo sentido crítico supone una renovada interpretación de alguno fundamentos del Movimiento Moderno así como la reflexión sobre la modificación y el uso de formas que tienen sus raíces en la tradición cultural. Esta investigación se estructura en cuatro temas ampliamente debatidos y que han articulado parte de la revisión moderna a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: » la abstracción y el realismo » la revisión de la idea funcionalista » la reconsideración de los arquetipos formales » la relación entre forma y contexto urbano se muestran como base crítica para las obras seleccionadas. La tendencia hacia el realismo surgió como respuesta a la voluntad de universalidad (y objetividad) que representó el lenguaje abstracto, del mismo modo que la revisión de la idea funcionalista pretendió superar la consideración de la obra arquitectónica como producto racional de su función y tecnología. La reconsideración de los arquetipos de la tradición, a su vez, muestra una preocupación por el significado de las formas culturales del pasado, una cuestión igualmente decisiva en la renovada atención a la estructura de la ciudad histórica. Estos temas evidencian un interés por ampliar la arquitectura moderna sin que el reconocimiento de las formas del pasado suponga un distanciamiento respecto al futuro. La idea de revisión, asimismo, se convierte en estrategia a la hora de encontrar nuevas respuestas. Si algunos de los principios del Movimiento Moderno surgen como reacción al clasicismo Beaux Arts que le precedió, las propuestas analizadas muestran la validez operativa de este enfoque para crear obras de una intensa modernidad. Su interés, por lo tanto, no solo radica en su consideración como objetos de estudio que amplían nuestro conocimiento de un período determinado, sino como tradición reciente que sirve de base crítica para la práctica actual. ABSTRACT The search of new forms of modernity became the main theme of the works developed by Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling between 1955 and 1970. Belonging to the sensitivity emerged in postwar Britain, their deep critical sense encourages a renewed interpretation of some principles of Modern Movement and a reflection about the modification or the use of forms that are rooted in cultural tradition. This research is divided into four themes widely discussed and which has articulated part of modern review along the second half of the twentieth century: » Abstraction and realism » Review of Functionalism » The reconsideration of the formal archetypes » The relationship between form and urban context are shown as critical base for the selected works. The trend toward realism arose in response to the will of universality (and objectivity) that represented the abstract language, just as the review of Functionalism aimed to overcome the consideration of architecture's work as rational product of its function and technology. The reconsideration of traditional archetypes, in turn, shows a concern for the meaning of the cultural forms, a matter equally decisive in the renewed attention to the structure of the historical city. These themes evidence an interest to extend modern architecture, without thereby the recognition of the past forms imply a distancing regarding the future. The idea of review also becomes strategy in finding new answers. If some principles of the Modern Movement arose in reaction to Beaux-Arts classicism which preceded it, the analyzed proposals show the operational validity of this approach to create works of a strong modernity. Their interest, therefore, lies not only in its consideration as study cases that broaden our knowledge of a certain period, but as a recent tradition which serves as a critic basis for the current practice.

Os artigos federalistas : a contribuição de James Madison, Alexander Hamilton e John Jay para o surgimento do Federalismo no Brasil

Inclui bibliografia.