418 resultados para Intercropping epochs
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Como alternativa para aumento da produtividade dos sistemas de produção agrícola, surgiu o Sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar para o consórcio milho/Brachiaria submetido a doses de N em cobertura, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico do sul do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul nas condições de integração lavoura/pecuária, o seguinte: 1) os teores nutricionais e as leituras do índice de clorofila foliar (ICF) em folhas de milho, assim como os respectivos componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos, objetivando caracterizar a melhor dose de N para o consórcio, e 2) em relação às espécies de Brachiaria, após o consórcio, com o objetivo de nortear a manutenção do SPD pesquisado, efetuaram-se avaliações da produtividade de fitomassa, dos teores nutricionais, da composição bromatológica e da taxa de decomposição da palhada, durante os anos agrícolas 2008/2009 e 2009/2010, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, com histórico de oito anos sob SPD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo duas espécies de Brachiaria (brizantha e ruziziensis) e cinco doses de N (uréia) em cobertura (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1). A Brachiaria brizantha, no consórcio com o milho, foi a espécie menos competitiva. A adubação nitrogenada utilizada nessa consorciação, até a dose de 200 kg ha-1 de N, incrementou a nutrição, o crescimento, os componentes da produção e a produtividade de grãos do milho. Dessa forma, a adubação nitrogenada deve ser recomendada para o consórcio, e não isoladamente para as culturas. Embora tenha havido uma maior produtividade de massa seca da B. brizantha, a B. ruziziensis apresentou melhor composição bromatológica e...
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The expansion of the no-tillage system, in Brazil, has increasingly diversified the ways in which the production methods are established and managed. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of preceding crops such as mayze and Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as their intercropping, in the presence and absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, and the cover nitrogen supplying on common bean development, production components and grain yield. The study was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 crop season. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 8x4 factorial scheme, with treatments consisting of a combination of cover crops (associations of mayze, U. ruziziensis and A. brasilense) and cover nitrogen doses on common bean (0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1). The preceding crops affected the common bean grain yield, with the mayze and Urochloa intercropping, both inoculated, being the best option. The initial common bean population was not affected by previous crops. The cover nitrogen application did not affect the common bean grain yield under winter irrigation, for the no-tillage system.
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This work was carried out using intercropped cultivation of garlic (Allium sativum) and carrot (Daucus carota) in Jaboticabal, SP - Brazil. Four seeding timings for carrot (0, 15, 30 and 45 days after garlic planting) and three weed management systems (herbicide, frequent manual weed control and no weed control) were tested. The effects of this intercropped system on weed control, efficient land use and productivity were determined. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with split-plots and four replications, with carrot seeding timings being the plots and the weed management systems, the sub-plots. The herbicide oxadiazon at 750 g ha-1 did not cause toxicity in the garlic, nor in the carrot plants. Regandress of the timing for the intercropping establishment the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were greater than one. Garlic-carrot intercropping profitability was greater than that of monocultures of garlic crop, mainly under weed management systems, using the herbicide oxadiazon and frequent manual weeding.
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Intercropping could efficiently prevent soil nutrient losses caused by extensive agriculture. The present study aimed to assess the effect of green manure on the nutritional status of orange trees cultivar 'Pera' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The plants were grafted on 'Cravo' lime trees and were then planted in a 7x4m space. Four different treatments corresponding to the evaluated green manures were employed: jack bean (JB) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), lablab (LL) (Dolichos lablab L.), pigeon pea (PP) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp), and Brachiaria (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf) as control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split-plot time, with six replicates, with four treatments (green manures) and two plants per evaluation. The nutritional status was assessed by using the DRIS method (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System); the yield and the macro and micronutrient levels contained in green manures and in the control was also determined. The nutritional diagnosis indicated that, in the two years of experiment, plants treated with green manure showed better nutritional balance index compared to Brachiaria. This suggests that, over time, green manure can lead to better nutritional balance. Pigeon pea treatment showed the highest yields, compared to control, in the two evaluated crop cycles (2004/05 and 2005/06).
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de feijão‑caupi e de milho, em monocultivo e em cultivo consorciado em faixas, na safrinha. Foram realizados experimentos, em Dourados, MS (2009 e 2010), e em Botucatu, SP (2010). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas com feijão‑caupi foram constituídas por três sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com variedade ou híbrido de milho, além do cultivo solteiro) e as subparcelas, por três cultivares de feijão‑caupi (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Xiquexique). As parcelas com milho foram constituídas por duas cultivares de milho (variedade BR 473 e híbrido BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010), e as subparcelas, por quatro sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com as três cultivares de feijão‑caupi e solteiro). O sistema de consórcio em faixas consistiu de quatro fileiras de feijão‑caupi com quatro fileiras de milho. O consórcio proporcionou um uso mais eficiente da terra. As cultivares de feijão‑caupi apresentaram desempenho produtivo semelhante entre si, quando cultivadas em faixas com o milho. O híbrido de milho é mais produtivo que a variedade, tanto no cultivo solteiro quanto no consorciado.
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Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar a taxa de decomposição e a velocidade de liberação de macronutrientes e Si da fitomassa do consórcio crotalária mais milheto, em função do tempo após manejo, sem e com fragmentação. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial constituído por dois manejos da fitomassa da parte aérea (sem e com fragmentação mecânica) e seis épocas de coleta [0; 18; 32; 46; 74 e 91 dias após manejo (DAM)]. Foram determinadas a massa de matéria seca, teor de macronutrientes e Si e quantidade dos nutrientes remanescentes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias dos tratamentos do fator manejo comparadas pelo teste de t (LSD) a 5% e do fator épocas de coletas ajustados a equações matemáticas. A fragmentação da fitomassa aumenta a taxa de decomposição e a liberação de N, P, Ca e S. O K é rapidamente disponibilizado, restando 91 DAM, em média, 1,5% da quantidade total acumulada. Aos 91 DAM pelo menos 80% de todos os macronutrientes já haviam sido liberados ao solo. A máxima liberação diária dos macronutrientes ocorre entre 0 a 18 DAM. A taxa de liberação de Si é constante e ocorre aumento do teor do elemento na fitomassa com o tempo devido à acentuada liberação de C. O Si é o elemento liberado mais lentamente ao solo, restando ainda 91 DAM, em média, 85% da quantidade total acumulada na fitomassa.
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Arborization can benefit coffee plantations by reducing the wind speed and temperature variation in the crop. It is also possible that the incident radiation can affect the weed populations and reduce the need for their control. This study aimed at assessing the weeds population and distribution, in arabica coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars, six years after planting, in Dois Córregos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Treatments consisted of a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, i.e., coffee intercropped with three macadamia cultivars (HAES 816, IAC 4-20 and IAC 9-20) and three sampling positions of weeds in the intercropping (in the macadamia tree canopy projection, among the macadamia tree canopies projections and in the single rows), plus an additional treatment (sole coffee). The weeds incidence and control, as well as their phytosociological characterization, were evaluated. For coffee intercropped with macadamia, the weeds occurrence and number of species were smaller than for sole coffee. For the projection in the canopy and among canopies of macadamia trees, there was an average decrease of 82% in the occurrence of weeds, in comparison with the sole coffee. The IAC 9-20 cultivar was more efficient in reducing the occurrence of weeds, when intercropped with coffee, for presenting a taller canopy, with a larger diameter.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nitrogen fertilization (15NH4NO3) of palisadegrass and residual effect on subsequent no-tillage corn
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of Brachiaria brizantha- MG-4; sown in two seasons and two seeding systems in space between two rows, and to evaluate the effect of intercropping on maize yield, as well as evaluating the physical properties of the soil after the consortium. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year 2010, the Municipality of Quatro Pontes/PR. The experimental design was randomized blocks as a factorial 2x2, and an additional treatment that was corn cultivation single, with four replications. The treatments consisted two intercropping systems: corn intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha in the row, and corn intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha in space between two rows, and two times of sowing Brachiaria brizantha: simultaneously corn, and twenty-five days after sowing corn. The seed was planted mechanically in no-tillage system, with spacing between the lines of 0,70 m. The ears were harvested by hand and in the laboratory were evaluated: yield components and productivity. Brachiaria brizantha- MG-4 was sown and harvested manually. We evaluated the production of fresh and dry mass and yield components. For soil analyzes the soil was sampled at 0-0.10 and 0,10-0,20 m. Were determined the total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity. The results demonstrated that the production components of Brachiaria brizantha were lower when it was sown twenty-five days after sowing corn, and between sowing systems when Brachiaria brizantha was sown in line. There was no reduction in grain yield of maize intercropped with Brachiaria system independent and sowing date. The consortium of pasture with corn increased the total porosity, and reduced soil bulk density.
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The objective of the present study was to compare parameters such as total time, number of episodes and mean duration of episodes of each wake-sleep cycle stage, and sequences of stages in electroencephalographic records scored in 10 and 30 seconds epochs in controls and sleep deprived animals, submitted to avoiding tasks of learning and memory. This comparing tried to discuss the need of lesser epochs in the EEG scoring, and of the search for more details and shorter sequences, present in many studies nowadays