920 resultados para Indo-Europeans.
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Imprint of v. 2: Richmond : Drinker and Morris, 1848.
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"2. Th. 2. Abth." to "5. Bd." have added t.-p.: Wurzel-WoÌrterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen ...; "6. Bd.": Wurzel-, Wort-, Namen- und Sach-Register zu den fuÌnf BaÌnden ... von Dr. Heinr. Ernst Bindseil.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Pub. by the institute under its earlier name: East Indies Institute of America.
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Includes bibliographical footnotes.
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Issued as parts of a larger set and from 1851-81 under title, Annales du commerce exterieur. 3. série des avis divers. For each country the material is divided into two subseries, each with consecutive numbering.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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by J. P. L. Durand
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We propose a new genus of the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 ( Digenea), Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov., for four new species that infect Indo-West Pacific siganid fishes. Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov. is a morphologically distinctive genus, diagnosed principally by the presence of a highly convoluted oesophagus, which generally exceeds the total body length of the worm, and by the unusual folded structure of the ejaculatory duct. Ptychogyliauchen thetidis, sp. nov. is designated as the type species, and is described from the intestine of Siganus punctatus (Siganidae) from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen himinglaeva, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of Siganus corallinus ( Siganidae) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen leucothea, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of S. argenteus, and further recorded from S. fuscescens, off Ningaloo, Western Australia, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of S. doliatus from Noumea, New Caledonia, and is also found in S. argenteus, S. canaliculatus, S. corallinus and S. spinus from Noumea, New Caledonia, and Moorea, Tahiti, French Pacific. Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi, sp. nov. also occurs in the intestine of Chaetodon citrinellus (Chaetodontidae) from Moorea. A key to species is provided. All species have been described following morphological examination using light microscopy, and specimens of P. thetidis, sp. nov., P. leucothea, sp. nov. and P. thistilbardi, sp. nov. have been characterised using molecular methods. Sequences were obtained for a combination of nuclear ribosomal (28S (D1-D3) and ITS2) and mitochondrial (ND1) genes. A phylogenetic analysis of sequenced specimens of Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov. was conducted using species of Petalocotyle Ozaki, 1934 for outgroup comparison. This analysis, based on alignments of the ITS2 and 28S (D1-D3) rDNA genes, supports monophyly of the geographically widespread P. thistilbardi, sp. nov., which is known from both siganid and chaetodontid hosts. We discuss the taxonomy of the genus and the host associations of each species and the group.
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We describe 2 new species of Affecauda from the intestine of acanthuroid fishes of the Indo-West Pacific. Affecauda rugosa n. sp. is described from 1 mature specimen in excellent condition and 1 immature fractured specimen from the intestine of the sailfin tang, Zebrasoma veliferum (Acanthuridae), from Noumea, New Caledonia. Affecauda salacia n. sp. is described from the intestine of the ocellated spinefoot, Siganus corallinus (Siganidae), from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Each of these species is made distinct from the type-species, Affecauda annulata Hall & Chambers, 1999, by combinations of the extent of tegumental annulations, conformation of the oesophagus and position of the ovary. The description of 2 new species of Affecauda necessitates a revision of the generic diagnosis, which is here amended to incorporate the additional species. A key to species is provided. The description of further species of Affecauda from waters external to the Great Barrier Reef and from siganid fishes expands the biogeographical range for species of Affecauda, from species of Naso on the Great Barrier Reef, to acanthuroid fishes of the western Pacific.
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Background: The low-activity variant of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene found in East Asian populations leads to the alcohol flush reaction and reduces alcohol consumption and risk of alcohol dependence (AD). We have tested whether other polymorphisms in the ALDH2 gene have similar effects in people of European ancestry. Methods: Serial measurements of blood and breath alcohol, subjective intoxication, body sway, skin temperature, blood pressure, and pulse were obtained in 412 twins who took part in an alcohol challenge study. Participants provided data on alcohol reactions, alcohol consumption, and symptoms related to AD at the time of the study and subsequently. Haplotypes based on 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in tests of the effects of variation in the ALDH2 gene on alcohol metabolism and alcohol's effects. Results: The typed SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium and 2 complementary haplotypes comprised 83% of those observed. Significant effects of ALDH2 haplotype were observed for breath alcohol concentration, with similar but smaller and nonsignificant effects on blood alcohol. Haplotype-related variation in responses to alcohol, and reported alcohol consumption, was small and not consistently in the direction predicted by the effects on alcohol concentrations. Conclusions: Genetic variation in ALDH2 affects alcohol metabolism in Europeans. However, the data do not support the hypothesis that this leads to effects on alcohol sensitivity, consumption, or risk of dependence.