Relaciones económicas Perú-China (Coyuntura)

En este artículo se presenta el panorama de las actuales relaciones económicas entre China y Perú, tomando como eje articulador el Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) suscrito por estos dos países a principios de 2009. En la primera parte el autor examina las relaciones comerciales y de inversión entre China y Perú, luego analiza algunos elementos relevantes del TLC suscrito y, finalmente, presenta las posibles consecuencias del Acuerdo.

Key Issues on the Brazilian Foreign Policy (Coyuntura)

El artículo trata sobre diferentes visiones de la política exterior brasilera. Primero introduce las principales directivas de la política exterior: desarrollo económico y social, así como delimitación limítrofe con los países de América del Sur. La segunda establece la situación de las relaciones de Brasil luego de la guerra fría, con algunos países y regiones en el mundo: Estados Unidos, Unión Europea, América Latina, China, África, India y otras regiones. Finalmente se refiere a los intereses nacionales brasileros en las Naciones Unidas en campos como energía, medio ambiente y defensa.

Análisis del Poder Blando de China

Los cambios en la geopolítica internacional influencia en la realidad de los actores que forman parte de este escenario. A la vez, para comprender en conjunto de este cambio geopolítico se han creado nuevos conceptos que explican las relaciones de poder y entre actores, dando como resultado el entendimiento de políticas exteriores de los países considerados como potencias. La definición de poder blando dada por Joseph Nye en 1990 se convierte en un término popular entre los políticos de diferentes países. Esta definición se vuelve popular debido al cambio de poder y la nueva era que se crea a partir del cuestionamiento al modelo económico actual. La posibilidad de vincular la cultura, valores y diplomacia a esta nueva era de poder ha hecho que surjan nuevas potencias, como los países pertenecientes al BRIC (Brasil, Rusia, India y China). Las relaciones de China con los países en desarrollo lo han hecho un actor fundamental en este contexto internacional. La cultura de este país, así como la historia del mismo, han hecho que se genere una nueva teoría de poder blando, basado en términos propios de la cultura china. Sin embargo, la poca concordancia entre lo manifestado a nivel exterior y las políticas internas, también han generado teorías a favor del desarrollo de la misma.

China and Kazakhstan’s oil and gas partnership at the start of the twenty-first century

Over the past decade, cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the oil and gas sector has developed significantly. For China, security of its energy supply is a key strategic objective. This paper analyzes the evolution of Sino-Kazakh oil and gas relations, assesses their long-term prospects, and explores how Chinese demand for oil and gas could divert Kazakhstan’s hydrocarbon resources from other energy markets. The netback approach has been used to assess the prices that China will need to offer other producers in Kazakhstan. Sino-Kazakh energy and economic cooperation could create a good basis for free economic zones and development of beneficial ties for both countries.

The Emerging Civil Society in China and Its Impact on Democratization

Recent years have seen an emerging civil society in an authoritarian China. The authoritarian embrace of civil society challenges the conventional wisdom that civil society is closely linked to democracy. In Beijing, the rhetoric of civil society linked less to democracy than to modernization. However, does civil society development have any impact on democratization in authoritarian regimes? The thesis tries to provide a tentative answer by studying civil society and democratization in post-Mao China. As a result of economic development and political reforms, gradual political liberalization has marked a shift of state-society relations that gives rise to a certain degree of democratization and a growing civil society. The thesis uses a statistical correlation study to examine the relations between grassroots democratization and civil society development. The study concludes that civil society development may have contributed to democratization at the grassroots level but not on the national level. The impact of civil society on democratization depends on the political structure of the state and will remain limited unless the government allows for further state-led democratic openings.

Genetic Structure of Populations of the Rice-Infecting Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA from China

Sheath blight disease (SBD) on rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, is one of the most devastating rice diseases on a global basis, including China (in Eastern Asia), the world's largest rice-growing country. We analyzed the population genetics of nine rice-infecting populations from China using nine microsatellite loci. One allopatric population from India (Southern Asia) was included in the analyses. In total, 300 different multilocus genotypes were found among 572 fungal isolates. Clonal fractions within rice fields were 16 to 95%, suggesting that sclerotia were a major source of primary inoculum in some fields. Global Phi(ST) statistics (Phi(ST) = 42.49; P <= 0.001) were consistent with a relatively high level of differentiation among populations overall; however, pairwise comparisons gave nonsignificant R(ST) values, consistent with contemporary gene flow among five of the populations. Four of these populations were located along the Yangtze River tributary network. Gene flow followed an isolation-by-distance model consistent with restricted long-distance migration. Historical migration rates were reconstructed and yielded values that explained the current levels of population subdivision. Except for one population which appeared to be strictly clonal, all populations showed evidence of a mixed reproductive mode, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. One population had a strictly recombining structure (all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) but the remaining populations from China and the one from India exhibited varying degrees of sexual reproduction. Six populations showed significant F(IS) values consistent with inbreeding.

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2005-2006

Includes bibliography

The changing nature of Asian-Latin American economic relations

Includes bibliography

The People's Republic of China and Latin America and the Caribbean: towards a strategic relationship

Includes bibliography

Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC): new biregional trade and investment relations in a changing world economic environment$c

Includes bibliography

La India y América Latina y el Caribe: oportunidades y desafíos en sus relaciones comerciales y de inversión

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Brazil and India: two BRICs as a building bloc for South-South cooperation""

Includes Bibliography

Mercado de carbono: um estudo comparado entre Brasil, China e Índia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

NAFTA's uninvited guest: China and the disintegration of North American trade

Includes bibliography.