Cyanobacteria blooms and cyanotoxin occurrence in the Guadiana (SE - Portugal): preliminary results

Cyanobacteria are a recognised public health hazard, because the majority of species is able to produce toxins. The monitoring is usually restricted to freshwater environments, like lakes or dams used for water supply. Cyanobacteria blooms have been regularly reported in the Guadiana River and high estuary and most of the observed cyanobacteria were toxin producers.

Toxicity risks linked to cyanobacteria blooms in southern Portugal reservoirs

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Survey of dinoflagellate cysts in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, Canada

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

CENTRAL NORTH ATLANTIC PALEOCEANOGRAPHY DURING THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE (ca. 726–603 ka): INSIGHTS FROM THE DINOFLAGELLATE CYST RECORD

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1313, located at the northern boundary of the subtropical gyre in the central North Atlantic, lies within the southern part of the ice-rafted debris belt. Seventy-three palynological samples were studied from an uninterrupted interval ca. 726–603 ka (upper Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 18 through lower MIS 15) to resolve conflicting paleoceanographic interpretations. Glacial stages were characterized by high productivity surface waters reflecting a southward shift of the Arctic Front. Sea surface salinities (SSSs) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were obtained by transfer functions using the Modern Analogue Technique. The lowest SSTs of 9ºC (±1.3) and 10ºC (±1.3) were recorded in glacial MIS 16 and MIS 18 respectively. However, these reconstructions are influenced by abundant heterotrophic taxa and may reflect elevated nutrient levels rather than lowered temperatures. Reworked palynomorphs uniquely indicate a Cretaceous as well as Paleozoic provenance for the first Heinrich-like events.

The Cenozoic Gonyaulacacean Dinoflagellate Genera Operculodinium Wall, 1967 and Protoceratium Bergh, 1881 and Their Phylogenetic Relationships

The palynology of Ocean Drilling Program Site 1007, leeward of the present Bahamas Bank, provides insights into upper Oligocene–lower Pleistocene dinoflagellate cyst associations in the tropical Americas. These associations are reviewed along with the sedimentary paleoenvironment to provide context for a morphological study of the cystdefined dinoflagellate Operculodinium bahamense and its comparison with the thecadefined dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum which produces a cyst assignable to the cyst-defined genus Operculodinium. Detailed reconstructions of the tabulation in both species reveal strong similarities, having a sexiform hyposomal tabulation and L-type or modified L-type ventral organization. Protoceratium reticulatum has dextral torsion of the hypotheca, requiring assignation of the genus to the subfamily Cribroperidinioideae, whereas Operculodinium bahamense has neutral torsion requiring assignation to the subfamily Leptodinioideae. Results either imply polyphyletic origins for the genus Operculodinium or that combinations of ventral organization and torsion cannot always be applied rigidly to subdivide the family Gonyaulacaceae.

DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS FROM THE LATEST MIOCENE THROUGH MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, ODP SITE 1000: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, AND SHOALING OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN SEAWAY

This is the first detailed study of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) and acritarchs for the latest Miocene–Middle Pleistocene of Ocean Drilling Program Site 1000 in the Caribbean Sea. Well-preserved and moderately diverse dinocysts and other palynomorphs reflect the interplay between neritic (carbonate-platform sourced) and oceanic species. The dinocyst biostratigraphy is tied to an existing marine isotope stratigraphy for the interval 5.5–2.2 Ma. For the interval 5.5–3.8 Ma, palynological samples are coupled to published sea-surface temperature estimates based on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca. Changes in dinocyst assemblage composition are noted at ca. 4.6 Ma when shoaling of the Central American Seaway caused a temperature rise in the Caribbean, ca. 3.8–3.6 Ma, during the cold Marine Isotope Stage M2 when pronounced warming occurred, at ca. 2.7 Ma where possible weak cooling may reflect the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, and in the Middle Pleistocene presumably reflecting global cooling and sea-level fall.

Moral Loopholes in the Global Economic Environment: Why Well-Intentioned Organizations Act in Harmful Ways

Thomas Pogge’s notion of moral loopholes serves to provide support for two claims: first, that the ethical code of the global economic order contains moral loopholes that allow participants in special social arrangements to reduce their obligations to those outside the social arrangement, which leads to morally objectionable actions for which no party feels responsible and that are also counterproductive to the overall objective of the economic system; and, second, that these moral loopholes are more likely to exist as our economic order becomes more global. Finally, it will be shown that attempts to rectify the situation with voluntary corporate codes of conduct are inadequate. The argument proceeds through analysis of one case study, concerning action by the executive of the Cerrejón mining operation at La Guajira Penisular, Colombia.

Moral Loopholes in the Global Economic Environment: Why Well-Intentioned Organizations Act in Harmful Ways

Thomas Pogge’s notion of moral loopholes serves to provide support for two claims: first, that the ethical code of the global economic order contains moral loopholes that allow participants in special social arrangements to reduce their obligations to those outside the social arrangement, which leads to morally objectionable actions for which no party feels responsible and that are also counterproductive to the overall objective of the economic system; and, second, that these moral loopholes are more likely to exist as our economic order becomes more global. Finally, it will be shown that attempts to rectify the situation with voluntary corporate codes of conduct are inadequate. The argument proceeds through analysis of one case study, concerning action by the executive of the Cerrejón mining operation at La Guajira Penisular, Colombia.

Moral Loopholes in the Global Economic Environment: Why Well-Intentioned Organizations Act in Harmful Ways

Thomas Pogge’s notion of moral loopholes serves to provide support for two claims: first, that the ethical code of the global economic order contains moral loopholes that allow participants in special social arrangements to reduce their obligations to those outside the social arrangement, which leads to morally objectionable actions for which no party feels responsible and that are also counterproductive to the overall objective of the economic system; and, second, that these moral loopholes are more likely to exist as our economic order becomes more global. Finally, it will be shown that attempts to rectify the situation with voluntary corporate codes of conduct are inadequate. The argument proceeds through analysis of one case study, concerning action by the executive of the Cerrejón mining operation at La Guajira Penisular, Colombia.

Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène de la protéine de liaison de la chlorophylle-a et de la péridinine chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum

Les dinoflagellés jouent un rôle très important dans l’écologie des océans en y réalisant une grande partie de la production primaire, en formant une association symbiotique avec les coraux et en ayant la capacité de produire des fleurs d’algues potentiellement toxiques pour les communautés côtières humaines et animales. Malgré tout, la biologie moléculaire des dinoflagellés n’a que très peu été étudiée dans les dernières années, les connaissances de processus de base comme la régulation de la transcription y étant fortement limitées. Une tentative pour élucider ce mécanisme a été réalisée chez les dinoflagellés photosynthétiques Lingulodinium polyedrum et Amphidinium carterae. Une expérience d’induction de la transcription du gène de la Peridinin chlorophyll-a binding protein, le complexe majeur de collecte de lumière, a été réalisée par une baisse de l’intensité lumineuse et a montré une faible augmentation (moins de 2 fois) du transcrit à court et long terme. Des expériences de simple-hybride et de retard sur gel (EMSA) ont été faits pour identifier de potentielles interactions protéine-ADN dans la région intergénique du gène PCP organisé en tandem. Ces essais ont été infructueux pour identifier de telles protéines. Une analyse du transcriptome de L. polyedrum a été effectuée, montrant une importante sous-représentation de domaines de liaison à l’ADN classique (comme Heat-shock factor, bZIP ou Myb) et une surreprésentation du domaine d’origine bactérienne Cold shock en comparaison avec d’autres eucaryotes unicellulaires. Ce travail suggère que les mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle des dinoflagellés pourraient différer substantiellement de ceux des autres eucaryotes.

Rôle de l’azote dans la structure et la fonction des communautés de cyanobactéries toxiques

Dans cette étude de trois lacs sujets aux efflorescences de cyanobactéries, nous avons examiné la diversité des bactéries diazotrophes et des cyanobactéries toxiques. Nous avons tenté de définir les facteurs environnementaux influençant la composition des communautés phytoplanctoniques, la concentration ainsi que la composition des microcystines (MCs). Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’azote jouerait un rôle majeur dans le façonnement des communautés cyanobactériennes et influencerait la concentration et composition des MCs. Des concentrations de cette toxine ainsi que le gène mcyE codant pour l’enzyme microcystine synthétase ont été détectés à chaque échantillonnage dans tous les lacs. L’azote, particulièrement sous sa forme organique dissoute (AOD) ainsi que la température de l’eau étaient les facteurs environnementaux expliquant le mieux les concentrations des MCs, tandis que la biomasse de Microcystis spp. était globalement le meilleur prédicteur. Le gène nifH codant pour l’enzyme nitrogénase (fixation d’azote) a aussi été détecté dans chaque échantillon. Malgré les concentrations faibles en azote inorganique dissous (AID) et les densités importantes d’hétérocystes, aucun transcrits du gène n’a été détecté par réverse-transcription (RT-PCR), indiquant que la fixation d’azote n’avait pas lieu à des niveaux détectables au moment de l’échantillonnage. De plus, le pyroséquençage révèle que les séquences des gènes nifH et mcyE correspondaient à différents taxons, donc que les cyanobactéries n’avaient pas la capacité d’effectuer les deux fonctions simultanément.

Harmful or helpful : perceived solicitous and facilitative partner responses are differentially associated with pain and sexual satisfaction in women with provoked vestibulodynia.

Introduction.  Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a highly prevalent vulvovaginal pain condition that negatively affects women's emotional, sexual, and relationship well-being. Recent studies have investigated the role of interpersonal variables, including partner responses. Aim.  We examined whether solicitous and facilitative partner responses were differentially associated with vulvovaginal pain and sexual satisfaction in women with PVD by examining each predictor while controlling for the other. Methods.  One hundred twenty-one women (M age = 30.60, SD = 10.53) with PVD or self-reported symptoms of PVD completed the solicitous subscale of the spouse response scale of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and the facilitative subscale of the Spouse Response Inventory. Participants also completed measures of pain, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, trait anxiety, and avoidance of pain and sexual behaviors (referred to as “avoidance”). Main Outcome Measures.  Dependent measures were the (i) Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire with reference to pain during vaginal intercourse and (ii) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale. Results.  Controlling for trait anxiety and avoidance, higher solicitous partner responses were associated with higher vulvovaginal pain intensity (β = 0.20, P = 0.03), and higher facilitative partner responses were associated with lower pain intensity (β = −0.20, P = 0.04). Controlling for sexual function, trait anxiety, and avoidance, higher facilitative partner responses were associated with higher sexual satisfaction (β = 0.15, P = 0.05). Conclusions.  Findings suggest that facilitative partner responses may aid in alleviating vulvovaginal pain and improving sexual satisfaction, whereas solicitous partner responses may contribute to greater pain.

OECD Project on Harmful Tax Practices

Materials presented in conjunction with a keynote speech delivered on May 15, 2003 at a congress on Tax Competition, organized by the European Tax College and held at Tilburg University, the Netherlands.

Incidence of Red Water Along South Kerala Coast

Incidence of red water along the Kerala coast at 2 localities, off Quilon and Cochin, in August 1976 and 1977 is reported. High concentrations of Noctiluca miliaris (up to 7.71 x 105/m3 in 1977) are associated with these occurrences. They completely dominate the plankton community contributing > 90 % of the numbers. High production of diatoms initiated by nutrient-rich and fairly high saline upwelled waters appears to cause the bloom of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca