Caracterização geológica, geomorgológica e geotécnica de um corpo de dunas na cidade de Natal-RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Caracterização de processos morfodinâmicos e hidrodinâmicos do cinturão lacustre meridional da Reserva Biológica do Lago Pirituba, Amapá

The Amapá State has an important natural lake system, known as The Amapá Lakes Region . Most of these lakes are on the southern part of Amapá s coastal plain, which has 300 km of extension and it s composed by holocenic sediments deposited at the northern part of Amazon River to the Orange Cape located on the northern part of Amapá state. This region is under influence of the Amazon River discharge which is the largest liquid discharge of about 209.000 m³/s and biggest sediment budget discharged on the ocean in the order 6.108 ton per day. The climate is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone and El Niño Southern Oscillation which act mainly under precipitation, nebulosity, local rivers and tidal hidrology. In this region lake belts are Ocidental, Oriental and Meridional Lake Belts. The last one is formed by the by the lakes Comprido de Cima, Botos, Bacia, Lodão, Ventos, Mutuco and Comprido de Baixo. These lakes are the closest to the Araguari River and are characterized by pelitic sedimentation associated with fluvial and estuarine flood plains under influence of tides. The lakes are interconnected, suffer influence of flood pulses from the Tartarugal, Tartarugalzinho and Araguari rivers and the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic know edge is poor. Volume and area reduction, natural eutrophication, anthophic influence, hidrodynamic alterations, morphological changes and are factors which can contribute to the closing of such lakes on the Meridional Lake Belt. This belt is inside the boundaries of the Biological Reserve of Piratuba Lake, created in 1980 for integral protection. Due to the fragility of the environment together with the poor knowledge of the system and with the study area relevancy it is necessary to know the hydrodynamic and geoenvironmental processes. This work aims the characterization of morphodynamic and hydrodynamic processes in order to understand the geoambiental context of the Meridional Lake Belt, from the Comprido de Baixo Lake to the dos Ventos Lake, including the Tabaco Igarape. Methodology was based on the hydrodynamic data acquisition: liquid discharge (acoustic method), tides, bathymetry and the interpretation of multitemporal remote sensing images, integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS). By this method charts of the medium liquid discharges of Lake Mutuco and Tabacco Igarape the maximum velocity of flow were estimated in: 1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s and 1.6 m/s (rainy season) and 0.6 m/s, 0.6 m/s and 0.7 m/s (dry period), the maximum flow in: 289 m³/s, 297 m³/s and 379 m³/s (rainy season) and 41 m³/s , 79 m³/s and 105 m³/s (dry period), respectively. From the interpretation of multitemporal satellite images, maps were developed together with the analysis of the lakes and Tobaco Igarape evolution from 1972 to 2008, and were classified according to the degree of balance in the area: stable areas, eutrophic areas, areas of gain, and eroded areas. Troughout analysis of the balance of areas, it was possible to quantify the volume of lake areas occupied by aquatic macrophytes. The study sought to understand the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes occurring in the region, contributing to the elucidation of the processes which cause and/or favor geoenvironmental changes in the region; all such information is fundamental to making the management of the area and further definition of parameters for environmental monitoring and contributing to the development of the management plan of the Biological Reserve of Lake Piratuba. The work activities is a part of the Project "Integration of Geological, geophysical and geochemical data to Paleogeographic rebuilding of Amazon Coast, from the Neogene to the Recent

Desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional para geração automática de mapas de vulnerabilidade como ferramenta de auxílio às ações de prevenção ao derramamento de óleo em áreas costeiras

The northern portion of the Rio Grande do Norte State is characterized by intense coastal dynamics affecting areas with ecosystems of moderate to high environmental sensitivity. In this region are installed the main socioeconomic activities of RN State: salt industry, shrimp farm, fruit industry and oil industry. The oil industry suffers the effects of coastal dynamic action promoting problems such as erosion and exposure of wells and pipelines along the shore. Thus came the improvement of such modifications, in search of understanding of the changes which causes environmental impacts with the purpose of detecting and assessing areas with greater vulnerability to variations. Coastal areas under influence oil industry are highly vulnerable and sensitive in case of accidents involving oil spill in the vicinity. Therefore, it was established the geoenvironmental monitoring of the region with the aim of evaluating the entire coastal area evolution and check the sensitivity of the site on the presence of oil. The goal of this work was the implementation of a computer system that combines the needs of insertion and visualization of thematic maps for the generation of Environmental Vulnerability maps, using techniques of Business Intelligence (BI), from vector information previously stored in the database. The fundamental design interest was to implement a more scalable system that meets the diverse fields of study and make the appropriate system for generating online vulnerability maps, automating the methodology so as to facilitate data manipulation and fast results in cases of real time operational decision-making. In database development a geographic area was established the conceptual model of the selected data and Web system was done using the template database PostgreSQL, PostGis spatial extension, Glassfish Web server and the viewer maps Web environment, the GeoServer. To develop a geographic database it was necessary to generate the conceptual model of the selected data and the Web system development was done using the PostgreSQL database system, its spatial extension PostGIS, the web server Glassfish and GeoServer to display maps in Web

Dinâmica da paisagem no litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte: geocartografia e padrões espaciais dos campos de dunas móveis

This study shows the results of a research developed in the coastal regions of the Maxaranguape and Touros municipalities, more specific in the mobile dune fields of the Rio Grande do Norte's eastern coast. Although the coastal zones, represent a small percentage of the earth's surface it concentrates a great part of the world's population. The Rio Grande do Norte's state coastal landscape mosaic composed by the dune fields suggest a dynamic scene of changes in the spatial and temporal arranges, with significant changes in the geometry of the sedimentary cover. Following this perspective this research has the objective to map the emerged coastal zone of the Rio Grande do Norte's eastern coast under the perspective of the time-space evolution of the mobile dune fields using geoprocessing techniques, which includes remote sensing, digital images processing and geographic information system (GIS). The results imply the issue of thematic maps: Geologic map; multitemporal evolution map of the mobile dune fields; quantification of the mobile dune fields differences map; temporal evolution of the mobile dune fields surrounds map. The El Niño episodes have directly affected the atmospheric circulation, what have enhanced the sedimentary input in the sand dune, what can justify the relative area growth between the years of 1993 and 2001. The dynamic of the landscape transition were higher than the stability of the spatial pattern of the dune and it's surrounds, as a result the Rio Grande do Norte eastern coast dune fields, specially the mobile dunes from Touros, Zumbi and Maracajau have shown a decrease on the sedimentary cover without vegetation area from 1970 to 2007. Therefore, the data acquired and the techniques used, can be, eventually applied to the mobile dune fields monitoring in order to preserve the dune ecosystems in the Rio Grande do Norte coast

Modelagem de vulnerabilidade de sistemas ambientais no municípo de Guadalupe/PI

In the Guadalupe city, with the arrival of the Boa Esperança Hydroelectric, the landscape of the municipal district lived important transformations. Those transformations continue growing today, now together with new vectors of territorial ordering, especially the agricultural industry. In front of the context of stability-instability of the environmental systems, it original of its natural vulnerability to the instability and of the transformations in the territorial dynamics of Guadalupe, the present research it analyzed and it mapped that municipal territory with relationship to the degrees of vulnerability of the environmental systems. Therefore, working a leaning methodology in a systemic perspective of the landscape and in the geoprocessing technique, the dissertation showed with thematic mapping, the most vulnerable and less vulnerable parts of the municipal district of Guadalupe, looking for a strategic vision of the problem.

Estudo multitemporal da dinâmica espacial do estuário Potengi/RN, utilizando como base os dados de Sensoriamento Remoto.

This work was developed in the Potengi river estuary, northern coastal city of Natal, located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The objective was to study the dynamics of Multitemporal Space in that estuary, however, analyze how this environment has behaved during the years 1988, 1994 and 2006. The definition of that, there was the fact that during that period, which occurred in that area and more intensive space exploration to practice economic activities as well as a greater and more rapid expansion of urban area. This study was supported by the Remote Sensing, who have been shown today, as an efficient analysis of the environmental studies, through geoprocessing techniques. From the performed analysis it was found that occurred during the period of study (1988 to 2006), a huge change in the design of the estuary of Potengi river. The figures showed the area of vegetation was decreased 65.22%, the deforested area increased by 70.44% and the shrimp activity grow 452.07% and the urban area was increased in 52.65% along that period described. Considering the numbers shown there that the process of occupying space in that area requires attention, because it is an environment that represents a huge contribution to the ecological balance.

Detecção de áreas degradadas na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio taperoá/pb, utilizando parâmetros físicos dos sensores modis/terra e tm/landsat

This study includes the results of the analysis of areas susceptible to degradation by remote sensing in semi-arid region, which is a matter of concern and affects the whole population and the catalyst of this process occurs by the deforestation of the savanna and improper practices by the use of soil. The objective of this research is to use biophysical parameters of the MODIS / Terra and images TM/Landsat-5 to determine areas susceptible to degradation in semi-arid Paraiba. The study area is located in the central interior of Paraíba, in the sub-basin of the River Taperoá, with average annual rainfall below 400 mm and average annual temperature of 28 ° C. To draw up the map of vegetation were used TM/Landsat-5 images, specifically, the composition 5R4G3B colored, commonly used for mapping land use. This map was produced by unsupervised classification by maximum likelihood. The legend corresponds to the following targets: savanna vegetation sparse and dense, riparian vegetation and exposed soil. The biophysical parameters used in the MODIS were emissivity, albedo and vegetation index for NDVI (NDVI). The GIS computer programs used were Modis Reprojections Tools and System Information Processing Georeferenced (SPRING), which was set up and worked the bank of information from sensors MODIS and TM and ArcGIS software for making maps more customizable. Initially, we evaluated the behavior of the vegetation emissivity by adapting equation Bastiaanssen on NDVI for spatialize emissivity and observe changes during the year 2006. The albedo was used to view your percentage of increase in the periods December 2003 and 2004. The image sensor of Landsat TM were used for the month of December 2005, according to the availability of images and in periods of low emissivity. For these applications were made in language programs for GIS Algebraic Space (LEGAL), which is a routine programming SPRING, which allows you to perform various types of algebras of spatial data and maps. For the detection of areas susceptible to environmental degradation took into account the behavior of the emissivity of the savanna that showed seasonal coinciding with the rainy season, reaching a maximum emissivity in the months April to July and in the remaining months of a low emissivity . With the images of the albedo of December 2003 and 2004, it was verified the percentage increase, which allowed the generation of two distinct classes: areas with increased variation percentage of 1 to 11.6% and the percentage change in areas with less than 1 % albedo. It was then possible to generate the map of susceptibility to environmental degradation, with the intersection of the class of exposed soil with varying percentage of the albedo, resulting in classes susceptibility to environmental degradation

A regionalização da saúde no Rio Grande do Norte: Elementos para a compreensão da dinâmica dos lugares

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Dinâmica de ocupação espacial de áreas contíguas (período 1987-2008) e sua relação com tensores de origem antrópica no manguezal do Rio Cachoeira, Ilhéus, Bahia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise temporal dos processos erosivos na microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da fazenda Glória, Taquaritinga, SP, Brasil

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar os estados de erosão acelerada do solo da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, SP. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento para análise em fotografias aéreas verticais, coloridas, na escala aproximada de 1:30.000, do aerolevantamento realizado pela BASE - Aerolevantamentos, dos anos de 1983 e 2000. Os processos erosivos foram identificados nas fotografias aéreas da microbacia hidrográfica e observados nas visitas em campo. Como resultado, o aspecto erosivo predominante na área foi o 3, áreas onde ocorria erosão com intensidade que afetava severamente a cobertura vegetal. O estado de erosão 2, com média intensidade, aumentou durante o período analisado. Este trabalho servirá de base para implementar programas de preservação de recursos naturais e de manejo conservacionista na microbacia.

Comparação entre métodos de amostragem do solo para recomendação de calagem e adubação do cafeeiro conilon

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spatial distribution of canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e transmitida por flebotomíneos do gênero Lutzomyia, os quais vêm adaptando-se ao ambiente peridomiciliar, onde o cão é sua principal fonte de alimento, aumentando assim o risco de casos em humanos. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento e de estastística espacial como contribuição à compreensão da dinâmica epidemiológica da LV na área urbana de Ilha Solteira-SP.

Distribuição espacial dos idosos de um município de médio porte do interior paulista segundo algumas características sócio-demográficas e de morbidade

Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica constituem importantes instrumentos dentro da Saúde Pública como técnicas de análise da distribuição de agravos à população, e, portanto, podem ser usados no estudo da localização de indivíduos portadores de doenças crônicas. Este trabalho objetivou a realização de análise espacial da distribuição da população de sessenta anos e mais no Município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil, estudando o perfil sócio-demográfico e a presença de diabetes e hipertensão arterial. Foram analisados dados de 468 idosos da amostra de inquérito populacional realizado entre 2001 e 2002. Os idosos com melhor nível sócio-econômico residem nos setores censitários de estratos sociais mais altos, o que foi estatisticamente comprovado pela utilização de técnicas de análise espacial para renda e escolaridade. Não se encontrou padrão de distribuição espacial para idosos hipertensos e diabéticos que se localizaram no mapa de forma heterogênea. O presente estudo sugere a utilização das técnicas de geoprocessamento para o mapeamento digital das áreas de abrangências das Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde, para um melhor controle da distribuição de idosos portadores de doenças crônicas e de sua assistência pelos profissionais de saúde.

Análise do uso da terra na microbacia do Arroio do Meio - Santa Maria - RS, por Sistema de Informações Geográficas e imagem de satélite

O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade do uso de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e a imagem de satélite para a análise do uso atual da terra e localização de áreas onde possam estar ocorrendo conflitos entre capacidade e uso do solo, na microbacia hidrográfica do Arroio do Meio. Foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento, como álgebra entre mapas, consulta ao banco de dados e reclassificação de imagens. Uma microbacia foi escolhida como objeto deste estudo, por ser considerada por muitos autores como sendo uma das melhores unidades para o planejamento e desenvolvimento sócioeconômico dos habitantes do meio rural. Na microbacia estudada, foram encontrados 555ha cobertos com florestas, compreendendo 24% da área total. As lavouras com área de 1.314ha ocupam a maior parte da microbacia (56%). Os campos de pastagens cobrem 184ha, ou seja, 8% da área total. As áreas alagadas representam 11% da área da microbacia, tendo respectivamente 265ha. Foram detectados ainda, 31ha sombreados (1%) onde não se determinou com exatidão o uso da terra. Nas áreas com declividade superior a 47%, foram detectados 32ha sem cobertura de florestas, perfazendo 1,4% da área da microbacia. em declives superiores a 30%, existem 71ha (3%) sendo usados para a agricultura. A área ocupada com Chernossolos e Neossolos Litólicos, unidade de mapeamento Ciríaco-Charrua em declividade maior que 30% sem cobertura florestal é de 14ha (0,6%). de acordo com a declividade e o solo, as áreas de conflito alcançam 5% da área total, o que demonstra que, na maior parte da microbacia, a terra está sendo usada de acordo com sua capacidade.

Historical land-cover/use in different slope and riparian buffer zones in watersheds of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)