Apply of energy storages in electricity distribution networks and reserve capacity applications

The Thesis is dedicated to development of an operative tool to support decision making of battery energy storages implementation in distribution networks. The basics of various battery technologies, their perspectives and challenges are represented in the Thesis. Mathematical equations that describe economic effect from battery energy storage installation are offered. The main factors that influence profitability of battery settings have been explored and mathematically defined. Mathematical model and principal trends of battery storage profitability under an impact of the major factors are determined. The meaning of annual net value was introduced to show the difference between savings and required costs. The model gives a clear vision for dependencies between annual net value and main factors. Proposals for optimal network and battery characteristics are suggested.

The influence of high cable penetration in distribution networks on earth fault currents and the operation of relay protection.

Recent Storms in Nordic countries were a reason of long power outages in huge territories. After these disasters distribution networks' operators faced with a problem how to provide adequate quality of supply in such situation. The decision of utilization cable lines rather than overhead lines were made, which brings new features to distribution networks. The main idea of this work is a complex analysis of medium voltage distribution networks with long cable lines. High value of cable’s specific capacitance and length of lines determine such problems as: high values of earth fault currents, excessive amount of reactive power flow from distribution to transmission network, possibility of a high voltage level at the receiving end of cable feeders. However the core tasks was to estimate functional ability of the earth fault protection and the possibility to utilize simplified formulas for operating setting calculations in this network. In order to provide justify solution or evaluation of mentioned above problems corresponding calculations were made and in order to analyze behavior of relay protection principles PSCAD model of the examined network have been created. Evaluation of the voltage rise in the end of a cable line have educed absence of a dangerous increase in a voltage level, while excessive value of reactive power can be a reason of final penalty according to the Finish regulations. It was proved and calculated that for this networks compensation of earth fault currents should be implemented. In PSCAD models of the electrical grid with isolated neutral, central compensation and hybrid compensation were created. For the network with hybrid compensation methodology which allows to select number and rated power of distributed arc suppression coils have been offered. Based on the obtained results from experiments it was determined that in order to guarantee selective and reliable operation of the relay protection should be utilized hybrid compensation with connection of high-ohmic resistor. Directional and admittance based relay protection were tested under these conditions and advantageous of the novel protection were revealed. However, for electrical grids with extensive cabling necessity of a complex approach to the relay protection were explained and illustrated. Thus, in order to organize reliable earth fault protection is recommended to utilize both intermittent and conventional relay protection with operational settings calculated by the use of simplified formulas.

The Transformation Problem : an Aleternative Solution with an Identical Aggregate Profit Rate in the Labor value and the Monetary Space.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that, even if Marx's solution to the transformation problem can be modified, his basic conclusions remain valid. the proposed alternative solution which is presented hare is based on the constraint of a common general profit rate in both spaces and a money wage level which will be determined simultaneously with prices.

The Transformation Problem : an Aleternative Solution with an Identical Aggregate Profit Rate in the Labor value and the Monetary Space.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that, even if Marx's solution to the transformation problem can be modified, his basic conclusions remain valid. the proposed alternative solution which is presented hare is based on the constraint of a common general profit rate in both spaces and a money wage level which will be determined simultaneously with prices.

Rationality, External Norms and the Epistemic Value of Menus

Ever since Sen’s (1993; 1997) criticism on the notion of internal consistency or menu independence of choice, there exists a widespread perception that the standard revealed preference approach to the theory of rational choice has difficulties in coping with the existence of external norms, or the information a menu of choice might convey to a decision-maker, viz., the epistemic value of a menu. This paper provides a brief survey of possible responses to these criticisms of traditional rational choice theory. It is shown that a novel concept of norm-conditional rationalizability can neatly accommodate external norms within the standard framework of rationalizability theory. Furthermore, we illustrate that there are several ways of incorporating considerations regarding the epistemic value of opportunity sets into a generalized model of rational choice theory.

Distribution spatiale des racines fines, disponibilité de la lumière et rendement dans un système de culture intercalaire avec arbres feuillus en zone tempérée

Les distributions spatiales des racines fines de Quercus rubra L. (CHR), Populus deltoides x nigra (DN3570) (PEH) et d’une culture fourragère (FOUR) ont été étudiées dans un système agroforestier de culture intercalaire (SCI) du sud du Québec (Canada). L’étude ne révèle pas d’enracinement plus profond des arbres en SCI, mais des profils superficiels à l’instar de nombreuses espèces d’arbres en plantations ou en milieu naturel. Une séparation spatiale existe entre les systèmes racinaires du FOUR et des CHR dont la densité relative selon la profondeur est plus faible que celle de la culture de 0 à 10 cm, mais plus élevée de 10 à 30 cm. Les PEH ne présentent pas d’adaptation racinaire et les hautes valeurs de densités de longueur racinaires (FRLD) de surface près du tronc entraînent une diminution de 45 % de la densité racinaire de surface du fourrage, suggérant une forte compétition pour les ressources du sol. L’étude du rendement agricole a d’ailleurs révélé des réductions de biomasse fourragère particulièrement près des PEH. Cependant, les résultats d’une analyse à composantes principales suggèrent un impact secondaire de la compétition racinaire sur le rendement agricole, et une plus grande importance de la compétition pour la lumière. L’impact des PEH à croissance rapide sur la culture est plus grand que celui du CHR. Cependant, ils seront récoltés plus rapidement et l’espace libéré favorisera la croissance de la culture intercalaire. Cet aspect dynamique des SCI les rapproche des écosystèmes naturels et devrait être réfléchi et approfondi pour leur succès futur.

Méthodes de génération et de validation de champs de déformation pour la recombinaison de distribution de dose à l’aide d’images 4DCT dans le cadre d’une planification de traitement de cancers pulmonaires

Des efforts de recherche considérables ont été déployés afin d'améliorer les résultats de traitement de cancers pulmonaires. L'étude de la déformation de l'anatomie du patient causée par la ventilation pulmonaire est au coeur du processus de planification de traitement radio-oncologique. À l'aide d'images de tomodensitométrie quadridimensionnelles (4DCT), une simulation dosimétrique peut être calculée sur les 10 ensembles d'images du 4DCT. Une méthode doit être employée afin de recombiner la dose de radiation calculée sur les 10 anatomies représentant une phase du cycle respiratoire. L'utilisation de recalage déformable d'images (DIR), une méthode de traitement d'images numériques, génère neuf champs vectoriels de déformation permettant de rapporter neuf ensembles d'images sur un ensemble de référence correspondant habituellement à la phase d'expiration profonde du cycle respiratoire. L'objectif de ce projet est d'établir une méthode de génération de champs de déformation à l'aide de la DIR conjointement à une méthode de validation de leur précision. Pour y parvenir, une méthode de segmentation automatique basée sur la déformation surfacique de surface à été créée. Cet algorithme permet d'obtenir un champ de déformation surfacique qui décrit le mouvement de l'enveloppe pulmonaire. Une interpolation volumétrique est ensuite appliquée dans le volume pulmonaire afin d'approximer la déformation interne des poumons. Finalement, une représentation en graphe de la vascularisation interne du poumon a été développée afin de permettre la validation du champ de déformation. Chez 15 patients, une erreur de recouvrement volumique de 7.6 ± 2.5[%] / 6.8 ± 2.1[%] et une différence relative des volumes de 6.8 ± 2.4 [%] / 5.9 ± 1.9 [%] ont été calculées pour le poumon gauche et droit respectivement. Une distance symétrique moyenne 0.8 ± 0.2 [mm] / 0.8 ± 0.2 [mm], une distance symétrique moyenne quadratique de 1.2 ± 0.2 [mm] / 1.3 ± 0.3 [mm] et une distance symétrique maximale 7.7 ± 2.4 [mm] / 10.2 ± 5.2 [mm] ont aussi été calculées pour le poumon gauche et droit respectivement. Finalement, 320 ± 51 bifurcations ont été détectées dans le poumons droit d'un patient, soit 92 ± 10 et 228 ± 45 bifurcations dans la portion supérieure et inférieure respectivement. Nous avons été en mesure d'obtenir des champs de déformation nécessaires pour la recombinaison de dose lors de la planification de traitement radio-oncologique à l'aide de la méthode de déformation hiérarchique des surfaces. Nous avons été en mesure de détecter les bifurcations de la vascularisation pour la validation de ces champs de déformation.

Dénombrement dans les empilements apolloniens généralisés et distribution angulaire dans les extensions quadratiques imaginaires.

Cette thèse traite de deux thèmes principaux. Le premier concerne l'étude des empilements apolloniens généralisés de cercles et de sphères. Généralisations des classiques empilements apolloniens, dont l'étude remonte à la Grèce antique, ces objets s'imposent comme particulièrement attractifs en théorie des nombres. Dans cette thèse sera étudié l'ensemble des courbures (les inverses des rayons) des cercles ou sphères de tels empilements. Sous de bonnes conditions, ces courbures s'avèrent être toutes entières. Nous montrerons qu'elles vérifient un principe local-global partiel, nous compterons le nombre de cercles de courbures plus petites qu'une quantité donnée et nous nous intéresserons également à l'étude des courbures premières. Le second thème a trait à la distribution angulaire des idéaux (ou plutôt ici des nombres idéaux) des corps de nombres quadratiques imaginaires (que l'on peut voir comme la distribution des points à coordonnées entières sur des ellipses). Nous montrerons que la discrépance de l'ensemble des angles des nombres idéaux entiers de norme donnée est faible et nous nous intéresserons également au problème des écarts bornés entre les premiers d'extensions quadratiques imaginaires dans des secteurs.

Distribution, diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes in the Indian EEZ

This thesis Entitled distribution ,diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes the indian Eez.Fishing rights and responsibilities it entails in the deep-sea sector has been a vexed issue since the mid-nineties and various stakeholders have different opinion on the modalities of harnessing the marine fisheries wealth, especially from the oceanic and deeper waters. The exploitation and utilization of these esources requires technology development and upgradation in harvest and post-harvest areas; besides shore infrastructure for berthing, handling, storing and processing facilities. At present, although deep-sea fishes don’t have any ready market in our country it can be converted into value added products. Many problems have so far confronted the deep-sea fishing sector not allowing it to reach its full potential. Hence, there should be a sound deep-sea fishing policy revolving round the upgradation of the capabilities of small scale fishermen, who have the inherent skills but do not have adequate support to develop themselves and to acquire vessels having the capability to operate in farther and deeper waters. Prospects for the commercial exploitation and utilization of deep-sea fishes were analyzed using SWOL analysis.

Studies on the meteriological aspects of air pollution over Cochin

Pollutants that once enter into the earth’s atmosphere become part of the atmosphere and hence their dispersion, dilution, direction of transportation etc. are governed by the meteorological conditions. The thesis deals with the study of the atmospheric dispersion capacity, wind climatology, atmospheric stability, pollutant distribution by means of a model and the suggestions for a comprehensive planning for the industrially developing city, Cochin. The definition, sources, types and effects of air pollution have been dealt with briefly. The influence of various meteorological parameters such as vector wind, temperature and its vertical structure and atmospheric stability in relation to pollutant dispersal have been studied. The importance of inversions, mixing heights, ventilation coefficients were brought out. The spatial variation of mixing heights studies for the first time on a microscale region, serves to delineate the regions of good and poor dispersal capacity. A study of wind direction fluctuation, σθ and its relation to stability and mixing heights were shown to be much useful. It was shown that there is a necessity to look into the method of σθ computation. The development of Gausssian Plume Model along with the application for multiple sources was presented. The pollutant chosen was sulphur dioxide and industrial sources alone were considered. The percentage frequency of occurrence of inversions and isothermals are found to be low in all months during the year. The spatial variation of mixing heights revealed that a single mixing height cannot be taken as a representative for the whole city have low mixing heights and monsoonal months showed lowest mixing heights. The study of ventilation co-efficients showed values less than the required optimum value 6000m2/5. However, the low values may be due to the consideration of surface wind alone instead of the vertically averaged wind. Relatively more calm conditions and light winds during night and strong winds during day time were observed. During the most of the year westerlies during day time and northeasterlies during night time are the dominant winds. Unstable conditions with high values of σθ during day time and stable conditions with lower values of σθ during night time are the prominent features. Monsoonal months showed neutral stability for most of the time. A study σθ of and Pasquill Stability category has revealed the difficulty in giving a unique value of for each stability category. For the first time regression equations have been developed relating mixing heights and σθ. A closer examination of σθ revealed that half of the range of wind direction fluctuations is to be taken, instead of one by sixth, to compute σθ. The spatial distribution of SO2 showed a more or less uniform distribution with a slight intrusion towards south. Winter months showed low concentrations contrary to the expectations. The variations of the concentration is found to be influenced more by the mixing height and the stack height rather than wind speed. In the densely populated areas the concentration is more than the threshold limit value. However, the values reported appear to be high, because no depletion of the material is assumed through dry or wet depositions and also because of the inclusion of calm conditions with a very light wind speed. A reduction of emission during night time with a consequent rise during day time would bring down the levels of pollution. The probable locations for the new industries could be the extreme southeast parts because the concentration towards the north falls off very quickly resulting low concentrations. In such a case pollutant spread would be towards south and west, thus keeping the city interior relatively free from pollution. A more detailed examination of the pollutant spread by means of models that would take the dry and wet depositions may be necessary. Nevertheless, the present model serves to give the trend of the distribution of pollutant concentration with which one can suggest the optimum locations for the new industries

Some Dynamic Generalized Information Measures In The Context Of Weighted Models

In this paper, we study some dynamic generalized information measures between a true distribution and an observed (weighted) distribution, useful in life length studies. Further, some bounds and inequalities related to these measures are also studied

Creative Commons and 21st Century Distribution

Slides for a Level 3 Digital Practice and Theory lecture on using CC, promoting your work and ways to get it out there, some demonstration on the economic value of sharing.

Distribución hiperbólica generalizada: una aplicación en la selección de portafolios y en la cuantificación de medidas de riesgo de mercado

En este trabajo se implementa una metodología para incluir momentos de orden superior en la selección de portafolios, haciendo uso de la Distribución Hiperbólica Generalizada, para posteriormente hacer un análisis comparativo frente al modelo de Markowitz.

Valor en riesgo del portafolio de TES de los bancos colombianos

En este trabajo se realiza la medición del riesgo de mercado para el portafolio de TES de un banco colombiano determinado, abordando el pronóstico de valor en riesgo (VaR) mediante diferentes modelos multivariados de volatilidad: EWMA, GARCH ortogonal, GARCH robusto, así como distintos modelos de VaR con distribución normal y distribución t-student, evaluando su eficiencia con las metodologías de backtesting propuestas por Candelon et al. (2011) con base en el método generalizado de momentos, junto con los test de independencia y de cobertura condicional planteados por Christoffersen y Pelletier (2004) y por Berkowitz, Christoffersen y Pelletier (2010). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la mejor especificación del VaR para la medición del riesgo de mercado del portafolio de TES de los bancos colombianos, es el construido a partir de volatilidades EWMA y basado en la distribución normal, ya que satisface las hipótesis de cobertura no condicional, independencia y cobertura condicional, al igual que los requerimientos estipulados en Basilea II y en la normativa vigente en Colombia.

Poverty impacts of increased openness and fiscal policies in a dollarized economy: a CGE-micro approach for Ecuador

We quantify the effects on poverty and income distribution in Ecuador of bilateral trade liberalization with the US and a budget-neutral value added tax increase which seeks to compensate tariff revenue losses. We stress the study of fiscal policies that the government could tap in order to compensate for tariff revenue loss. This is a very important issue for Ecuador because this country adopted the US dollar as its currency in 2000, forgiving the use of important policy instruments. To study these issues we combine a reduced-form micro household income and occupational choice model (using 2005/6 data from the Ecuadorian LSMS) with a standard single-country computable general equilibrium model (employing a 2004 SAM). We follow a sequential approach that simulates the full distributional impact of trade and tax policies. We find that the impact of these policy changes on extreme poverty and income distribution is small but positive.