A ascensão de aspectos do common law no sistema processual civil brasileiro: uma crítica à aplicação da jurisprudência e à doutrina dos precedentes judiciais

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Planeamento Fiscal nas operações relativas a instrumentos financeiros derivados e a sua tributação

Mestrado em Fiscalidade

Lineamientos generales, jurídicos y administrativos para la exportación de un producto agroindustrial innovador no tradicional, panela granulada derivado de la caña de azucar para la Asociación cooperativa de producción agroindustrial, aprovisionamiento, comercialización, ahorro y créditos de productores de dulce de panela del valle jiboa de R.L. (ACOPANELA) del departamento de San Vicente.

La Cooperativa ACOPANELA de R.L, busca mejores alternativas de autosostenibilidad y crecimiento económico, a través de la exportación, razón por la cual se realizó el presente trabajo de investigación el cual tiene como objetivo primordial proporcionar a la cooperativa los lineamientos generales, jurídicos y administrativos para la exportación, lo que permitirá obtener las herramientas necesarias para tomar decisiones de exportación, de la panela granulada. En la investigación se hace una breve reseña histórica del cooperativismo, así como también de detallan aspectos generales y administrativos de la cooperativa. De igual forma se incluye el marco teórico de los conceptos relacionados al Proceso Administrativo, Análisis FODA, Comercio Exterior y Exportaciones en El Salvador. A su vez se hace una evaluación de la situación actual, a partir de la cual se realiza un Análisis de Entorno estructurando así un diagnóstico administrativo que revela las fortalezas y debilidades de la cooperativa. Con base en este diagnóstico, se formularon las conclusiones y recomendaciones necesarias para corregir las deficiencias observadas. Finalmente se presenta el análisis de los lineamientos generales, jurídicos y Administrativos para la exportación y se detallan los aspectos técnicos de las exportaciones, con el fin de proporcionar a la cooperativa el proceso de exportación.

El marketing de las identidades: Los aspectos socio-políticos de las indicaciones geográficas

Resumen Aunque los aspectos productivos, económicos y legales de las indicaciones geográficas (IG) han sido analizados ampliamente, las dinámicas sociales y políticas detrás de su establecimiento, y sus efectos sobre los diferentes sectores de las comunidades involucradas, necesitan más investigación. ¿Podrían las IG ofrecer un instrumento válido para obtener diferentes formas de agricultura sostenible, orientadas a la calidad y de raíces locales? ¿O más bien son sólo una herramienta de “marketing” basada en utopías agrarias e ideas románticas del pasado, destinadas a la transformación de productos tradicionales y artesanales en mercancías de alto precio? Este artículo examina cuáles son los elementos que están siendo incluidos, excluidos o negociados en las definiciones legales de las IG. También se explora el potencial de los instrumentos jurídicos alternativos para la protección de la producción alimentaria de las comunidades rurales en los países menos desarrollados.Abstract Although the productive, economic and legal aspects of geographical indications (GI) have been widely discussed, the social and political dynamics behind their establishment, and their effect on different sectors of the communities involved need further investigation. Can GIs become a valid tool to implement community-based, sustainable and quality-oriented agriculture? Or are they rather just a marketing tool based on agrarian utopias and romanticized ideas of the past, aimed at the commoditization and high-priced sale of traditional and artisanal products? The article will examine what elements are included, excluded or negotiated in the legal definitions of GI. The potential of alternative juridical instruments in protecting the food production of rural communities in less developed countries will also be explored. 

Fundamentos jurídicos de los derechos intelectuales colectivos

Introducción El objetivo de esta exposición es ubicar el marco jurídico del derecho estatal que sirve como base para el reconocimiento de derechos intelectuales colectivos de los pueblos indígenas en Colombia. Para ello, es necesario abordar el tema bajo tres aspectos básicos: evolución histórica de la legislación especial indígena, fundamentos constitucionales indígenas; bases en el ámbito internacional. Los aspectos antes mencionados están atravesados por dos ejes fundamentales: territorio y cultura, que son la base para el derecho de los pueblos y, por consiguiente de los derechos intelectuales colectivos indígenas en particular y de las minorías étnicas en general. Si bien existe otro tipo de fundamentos históricos y culturales para reivindicar los derechos colectivos, no serán abordados desde esta ponencia…

OCUPAÇÃO DO BAIRRO BELVEDERE III: HISTÓRICO E ASPECTOS LEGAIS BELO HORIZONTE/MINAS GERAIS/BRASIL

O presente artigo se configura como um estudo de caso e apresenta uma discussão a partir da análise do contexto do rápido crescimento do bairro Belvedere III, localizado na cidade de Belo Horizonte, no estado de Minas Gerias, no Brasil. O bairro que era ocupado por residências unifamiliares se verticalizou a partir da mudança da legislação realizada pelo prefeito Sérgio Ferrara, em 1988 e se tornou alvo de intensa polêmica envolvendo a associação de moradores, a prefeitura e os interesses imobiliários na construção de condomínios verticais destinados a uma camada da população com elevado poder aquisitivo. A análise apresenta discussões sobre a legalidade da verticalização do bairro Belvedere III que vêm sendo apresentadas nas duas últimas décadas, em função da não observação da legislação ambiental vigente, pois o bairro é vizinho à Serra do Curral, uma área de reserva ambiental de grande importância na recarga fluvial do sistema hídrico da região, protegida por diversos instrumentos legais e tombada desde 1960. Instrumentos jurídicos de coerção e de punição só foram acrescidos às leis ambientais na última década, impedindo assim que estas leis retroagissem para sanar os problemas que hoje se apresentam.

Aspectos do desenvolvimento humano

Apresenta os aspectos, sociais e jurídicos, e os componentes, biológicos e psicológicos, que constituem o desenvolvimento humano.

Aspectos técnicos da monitorização da pressão intracraniana pelo método subaracnóideo no traumatismo craniencefálico grave

Two hundred and six patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 points or less after nonsurgical resuscitation on admission), managed at Intensive Care Unit-Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas were prospectively analysed. All patients were assessed by CT scan and 72 required neurosurgical intervention. All patients were continuously monitored to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels by a subarachnoid device (11 with subarachnoid metallic bolts and 195 with subarachnoid polyvinyl catheters). The ICP levels were continuously observed in the bedside pressure monitor display and their end-hour values were recorded in a standard chart. The patients were managed according to a standard protocol guided by the ICP levels. There were no intracranial haemorrhagic complications or hematomas due the monitoring method. Sixty six patients were punctured by lateral C1-C2 technique to assess infectious complications and 2 had positive cerebrospinal fluid samples for Acinetobacter sp. The final results measured at hospital discharge showed 75 deaths (36,40%) and 131 (63,60%) survivors. ICP levels had significantly influenced the final results (p<0,001). The subarachnoid method to continuously assess the ICP levels was considered aplicable, safe, simple, low cost and useful to advise the management of the patients. The ICP record methodology was practical and useful. Despite the current technical advances the subarachnoid method was considered viable to assess the ICP levels in severe head injury.

Espectroscopia optogalvânica: alguns aspectos relevantes

In this work we present the optogalvanic effect in ionized gases in an historical perspective. This effect was observed for the first time by Foote and Mohler in 1925, and explained by Penning in 1928 for mixtures (Ne-Ar) and pure gases (or vapours) in 1937. Also, we show some aspects of the contributions of Romenian authors for the development of optogalvanic spectroscopy, which was used as a new technique only after 1964.

A síntese da amônia: alguns aspectos históricos

The ammonia synthesis from its elements plays an important role in the survival of humankind. A short historical development of discoveries of the nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen sources for agriculture and the ammonia synthesis (in laboratory and industry) are presented. Some brief aspects of nitrogen chemistry are described. Short biographies of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, the main persons in this epopee, are also presented.

Cromatografia de afinidade por íons metálicos imobilizados (IMAC) de biomoléculas: aspectos fundamentais e aplicações tecnológicas

Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Cromatography - IMAC - is a group-specific based adsorption applied to the purification and structure-function studies of proteins and nucleic acids. The adsorption is based on coordination between a metal ion chelated on the surface of a solid matrix and electron donor groups at the surface of the biomolecule. IMAC is a highly selective, low cost, and easily scaled-up technique being used in research and commercial operations. A separation process can be designed for a specific molecule by just selecting an appropriate metal ion, chelating agent, and operational conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and buffer type.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Flora e aspectos auto-ecológicos de um encrave de cerrado na chapada do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

This study subject to investigate the floristic composition and richness, the reproductive phenological patterns, the dispersal syndromes and life forms of species of a disjunt cerrado in semiarid climate at Araripe plateau during a one year period. We found 107 species and 41 families. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malpighiaceae showed the largest number of species. For 47 of the woody species found, we studied the geographical distribution based on 27 papers of the Brazilian cerrados. Twelve species are of widespread occurence in the cerrado, and 13 are restricted to the Araripe plateau. Zoocory, autocory, and anemocory are the predominant syndromes of dispersal. The predominant life forms were phanerophytes (50.7%), hemicriptophytes (14.9%) and camephytes (13.1%). The cerrado of Araripe have lower species richness than continous cerrados, but a similar pattern of reproductive phenology, dispersal syndromes and life forms in more humid zones.