Lugares para amizade na sociedade contemporânea: caminhos educativos a partir da obra de Zygmunt Bauman

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A amizade em crianças da educação infantil es relações interpessais estabelecidas no ambiente escolar

The research aims to propose a study of the central concepts of friendship among children of kindergarten and how such conceptions influence the interpersonal relationships within the school. We intend to observe the friendly relations between the kindergarten children, to examine how teachers of early childhood education business with the friendly relations between children and their conflicts and to propose alternatives to work with the theme friendship in the garden childhood, aiming at the socio-moral development of children. To do so, as the main theoretical basis the studies of Jean Piaget (1932/1994) on the development of moral reasoning in children. The methodology is based on Piaget's clinical method, which aims to understand how the subject thinks, analyze and resolve certain situations, presented as short stories. We hope that by doing so, we contribute to the debate on the educational work aimed at building the moral autonomy of the children, especially in kindergarten

Impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de adolescentes grávidas

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

O amanhã de quem cresce: influências e valores presentes na constituição de projetos de vida de jovens adolescentes de um curso técnico de uma instituição estadual

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

O desenho da figura humana e o TAT em adolescentes grávidas: um estudo no hospital geral

The adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem and a challenge to Psychology, that could contribute proposing health prevention actions to this population. The present study intended to investigate the psychological functioning of 10 pregnant adolescents through analysis of Human Figure Drawing (HFD) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). It was observed a high level of anxiety experienced by the pregnant adolescents verified in tracing, in shading and in the poverty of details, that can lead to the development of problems related to pregnancy and the relationship between the family, the adolescent and the baby. As for the TAT, the stories, in general constructed by the teenagers, were poorly structured with reduced content and a magical happy ending. It was concluded that the HFD and the TAT are discriminating and adequate to evaluate these adolescents’ psychodynamics and allow to indicate supporting preventive actions in this area.

Depressão e suicídio na adolescência: representações sociais e indicadores de risco

Adolescence is a period of physical, biological and psychological changes as well as its time for reflection of the perspectives and social functions that are not defined yet. In addition to the characteristics of this period also included the family and socio-economic aspects such as parental separation, domestic violence, poverty, among others, yielding often, insecurity and confusion feelings, contributing to the case of depression in many cases, each increasingly recurrent and early at this stage in human development. The present study, thus, aimed to investigate the indicators of risk and vulnerability in adolescents to depression, especially those in social context, highlighting the social representation of the same against the disorder, since these guiding this research, the indication of factors contributing influence the etiology of depression in this period. Be consulted on the basis of VHL-PSI, articles related to depression in adolescence, published between the years 2004 to 2014. Observe that adolescents with negative perception of the social context in which the live, are more likely to develop depression, highlighting the importance of healthy social and family relationships for mental health.

Compreendendo a dinâmica familiar de adolescentes expostos a violência sexual intrafamiliar

Violence in adolescence, specifically sexual violence, is a topic of great relevance. Not only in Brazil but the world has witnessed the increase of sexual violence, becoming the most prevalent morbid occurrence in adolescence. Draws attention to the phenomenon of sexual violence against children and adolescents not only the fact that most of the victims are assaulted in their own home environment, but also the type of relationship between victim and aggressor. Thus, based on systemic approach, this study aimed to compose eend family dynamics of adolescent victims of sexual intra-familial. Participants were seven teenagers and their parents, users and beneficiaries of services offered by CREAS - Reference Center for Specialized Social Assistance in a municipality of Mato Grosso do Sul. The instruments used were the Test of Drawing in Colour of the Family (FCDT) and a questionnaire about the pictures taken and family interactions. The results indicated the difficulty in differentiating family roles, especially regarding the differentiation of the mother and daughter, a fact that seemed to be the motivator for the impoverishment of individuation in groups. Also noted the presence of conflict between the familiar figures probably originated from this abusive situation. In this context, the studied families showed communication difficulties between family members, hindering the integration between them, as well as the existence of an authoritarian leadership and strict rules performed by the father figure. These results may support preventive and therapeutic actions to situations of sexual violence against children and adolescents. Thus, it is suggested that psychological counseling for the study participants and other stakeholders with a view to reducing damage and recovery of quality of life for all family members, as well as the need for further studies in the area in question.

Pratas, lacoste, grana e novinhas: um estudo sobre a construção social da adolescência através do ato infracional

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Spatial analysis of the social vulnerability of adolescent pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to present a spatial analysis of the social vulnerability of teenage pregnancy by geoprocessing data on births and deaths present on the Brazilian Ministry of Health databases in order to support intersectoral management actions and strategies based on spatial analysis in neighborhood areas. The thematic maps of the educational, occupational, birth and marital status of mothers, from all births and deaths in the city, presented a spatial correlation with teenage pregnancy. These maps were superimposed to produce social vulnerability map of adolescent pregnancy and women in general. This process presents itself as a powerful tool for the study of social vulnerability.

The Young Mother and the Labor Market

Introduction - The Centro de Orientacao ao Adolescente of Campinas (Southeastern Brazil) maintains a program to qualify economically disadvantaged adolescent students aged 15 to 18 years to enter the labor market. Objective - To understand life projects of teenagers who became mothers while participating in the program, in the period from 2003 to 2008, aiming to find the place of professional life in their life trajectory before and after motherhood. Method - Eight young mothers were interviewed, and a qualitative methodology was applied to the analysis of the interviews. Results - The trajectories of study and work were discontinued or adapted due to motherhood. Four young mothers completed high school and none had entered university. Three did not return to work and the rest had diverse work experiences. The reported difficulties to enter the labor market were: inadequate instruments to support the children's care, low income, lack of work experience, presence of small children and little educational background. Final Considerations - Teenage motherhood did not indicate the exclusion of educational or work projects but indicated adjustments and the need for a family and social support network. It was noted the need for public policies targeted at the inclusion of youths in the labor market and at support services such as nurseries. Also, the need for a change in gender relations was demonstrated, with greater equality of rights as a precondition for the inclusion of women, especially those who are mothers, in the labor market.

Gravidez na adolescência: percepções das mães de gestantes jovens

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as experiências e percepções de mães cujas filhas engravidaram durante a adolescência. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em hospital de ensino na cidade de São Paulo, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e com participação de dez mães de adolescentes. RESULTADOS: Antes da gravidez, as mães orientaram as filhas a respeito da sexualidade, o que originou sentimentos de surpresa quando souberam da gravidez. Apesar disso, as mães fizeram-se presentes em todo o processo gravídicopuerperal. Não foram identificadas mudanças significativas no relacionamento familiar em função da gravidez precoce. CONCLUSÃO: A figura materna surge como representativa, tanto durante como após a gestação da adolescente, fato que propicia o suporte, a fim de que a adolescente tenha gestação mais segura e para que possa retomar seus projetos de vida.

Being the mother of a pregnant adolescent: experiences and expectations

OBJECTIVE: To understand the typical actions of the mother during the pregnancy of her teenage daughter. METHODS: Qualitative study, based on the theoretical-methodological framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. The data were collected in 2009, and the subjects were nine mothers of adolescent primigravidae. RESULTS: The mother of the pregnant adolescent is typified as one that reacts with surprise and disappointment to being notified of the pregnancy and who, subsequently, conforms to the new reality. In reflecting on her own experience of an adolescent mother, she has expectations to support her daughter during the pregnancy and to offer support, so that the course of her life is not impaired as a result of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Considering the experience and expectations of the mother of the pregnant adolescent, this study could give subsidies to the planning and execution of the care for this binomial, decreasing the distance between the demands made by it and the practice of health professionals.

A jovem mãe e o mercado de trabalho

INTRODUÇÃO: O Centro de Orientação ao Adolescente de Campinas mantém um programa para capacitar adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos, desfavorecidos economicamente, estudantes, para a entrada no mercado de trabalho. OBJETIVO: Compreender projetos de vida de adolescentes, que se tornaram mães, enquanto participavam do programa, no período de 2003 a 2008, buscando desvelar o lugar da vida profissional na trajetória de vida, antes e depois da maternidade. MÉTODO: Oito jovens mães foram entrevistadas, sendo aplicada metodologia qualitativa para a análise das entrevistas. RESULTADOS: As trajetórias de estudo e trabalho foram descontinuadas, ou sofreram adaptações, com a maternidade. Quatro jovens finalizaram o segundo grau e nenhuma havia ingressado na faculdade. Três não voltaram a trabalhar e as demais tiveram experiências diversificadas de trabalho. As dificuldades relatadas para a inserção no mercado de trabalho foram: insuficiência de instrumentos de apoio no cuidado das crianças, baixo ganho salarial, falta de experiência de trabalho, filhos pequenos e pouca formação educacional. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A maternidade na adolescência não indicou a exclusão dos projetos de formação educacional ou de trabalho, mas adaptações e necessidade de uma rede de apoio familiar e social. Constatou-se a necessidade de políticas públicas para a inserção do jovem no mercado de trabalho e para serviços de apoio, como creches. Demonstra-se a necessidade de uma mudança nas relações de gênero, com maior igualdade de direitos, como pré-condição à inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho, em especial, daquelas que são mães.

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), after slipped capital femoral epiphysis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in hip joint cartilage in mature hips with a history of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) using delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). METHODS: 28 young-adult subjects (32 hips) with a mean age of 23.8+/-4.0 years (range: 18.1-30.5 years) who were treated for mild or moderate SCFE in adolescence were included into the study. Hip function and clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Harris hip score (HHS) system at the time of MRI. Plain radiographic evaluation included Tonnis grading, measurement of the minimal joint space width (JSW) and alpha-angle measurement. The alpha-angle values were used to classify three sub-groups: group 1=subjects with normal femoral head-neck offset (alpha-angle <50 degrees ), group 2=subjects with mild offset decrease (alpha-angle 50 degrees -60 degrees ), and group 3=subjects with severe offset decrease (alpha-angle >60 degrees ). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference noted for the T1(Gd) values, lateral and central, between group 1 and group 3 (p-values=0.038 and 0.041). The T1(Gd) values measured within the lateral portion were slightly lower compared with the T1(Gd) values measured within the central portion that was at a statistically significance level (p-value <0.001). HHS, Tonnis grades and JSW revealed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: By using dGEMRIC in the mid-term follow-up of SCFE we were able to reveal degenerative changes even in the absence of joint space narrowing that seem to be related to the degree of offset pathology. The dGEMRIC technique may be a potential diagnostic modality in the follow-up evaluation of SCFE.

How does socio economic position link to health behaviour? Sociological pathways and perspectives for health promotion

Socio economic inequalities in adult health behaviour are consistently observed. Despite a well-documented pattern, social determinants of variations in health behaviour have not been sufficiently clarified. This article therefore presents sociological pathways to explain the existing inequalities in health behaviour. At a micro level, control beliefs have been part of several behavioural theories. We suggest that these beliefs might bridge the gap between sociology and psychology by emphasising their roots in fundamental socio-economic environments. At a meso level, social networks and support have not been explicitly considered as behavioural determinants. This contribution states that these social factors influence health behaviour while being unequally distributed across society. At a macro level, characteristics of the neighbourhood environment influence health behaviour of its residents above and beyond their individual background. Providing further opportunity for policy makers, it is shown that peer and school context equalise inequalities in risky behaviour in adolescence. As a conclusion, factors such as control expectations, social networks, neighbourhood characteristics, and school context should be included as strategies to improve health behaviour in socially disadvantaged people.