990 resultados para Food Science and


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Schedule of Debt Service and Coverage for Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the Academic Building Revenue Bond Funds for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Audit report on the Student Health Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Audit report of Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, (Iowa State University) for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Agreed-upon procedures report on the Iowa State Center Business Office of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University) Purchase Order/Requisition System for the period of March 20 through April 28, 2009

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Report on Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2009

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Audit report on the Student Health Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2010

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Report on a review of selected general and application controls over the Iowa State University of Science and Technology Accounts Receivable System for the period of March 29, 2010 through May 6, 2010

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Audit report of Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa (Iowa State University) as of and for the years ended June 30, 2010 and 2009

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Report on Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, for the year ended June 30, 2010

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Audit report on the Student Health Facility Revenue Bond Funds of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2011

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Agreed-upon procedures report on the Iowa State Center Business Office of Iowa State University of Science and Technology for the year ended June 30, 2011

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Ectoparasites are a ubiquitous environmental component of breeding birds, and it has repeatedly been shown that hematophagous ectoparasites such as fleas and mites reduce the quality and number of offspring of bird hosts, thereby lowering the value of a current brood. Selection acting on the hosts will favor physiological and behavioral responses that will reduce the parasites' impact. However, the results of the few bird studies that addressed the question of whether parasitism leads to a higher rate of food provisioning are equivocal, and the begging response to infestation has rarely been quantified. A change in begging activity and parental rate of food provisioning could be predicted in either direction: parents could reduce their investment in the brood in order to invest more in future broods, or they could increase their investment in order to compensate for the parasites' effect on the current brood. Since the nestlings are weakened by the ectoparasites they may beg less, but on the other hand they may beg more in order to obtain more food. In this study we show experimentally that (1) hen fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae) reduce the body mass and size of great tit (Parus major) nestlings, (2) nestlings of parasitized broods more than double their begging rate, (3) the male parents increase the frequency of feeding trips by over 50%, (4) the females do not adjust feeding rate to the lowered nutritional state of nestlings, and (5) food competition among siblings of parasitized broods is increased. Ultimately the difference in the parental feeding response may be understood as the result of a sex-related difference in the trade-off of investing in current versus future broods.

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Audit report of the accompanying Schedule of Debt Service and Coverage for Iowa State University of Science and Technology as of February 10, 2012 for the Athletic Facilities Revenue Bond Funds

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