Realidad y ficción en la obra de Mario Vargas Llosa

Se explica la utilización de las categorías de realidad-ficción, como procedimiento para estructurar el texto narrativo o teatral por parte de Mario Vargas Llosa. El análisis asume la relación de esta técnica literaria con el paradigma posmoderno y con la ideología neoliberal, con lo cual muestra la importancia de la noción de tiempo para la conjunción de estos elementos.An explanation is given of the use of the categories of reality and fiction, as a way of organizing Vargas Llosa's narrative and theatrical texts. This analysis assumes the relationship between this literary technique and postmodernism and neo-liberalism, with relation to the notion of time.

TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE MARIO RODRÍGUEZ ESCALLÓN Y LUZ HELENA RESTREPO MARÍN VS. TRANSPORTE ZONAL INTEGRADO S.A.S. (TRANZIT S.A.S.)

4214

Entre la tradición y el cambio: Evolución tecnológica de la caficultura costarricense. Mario Samper, Carlos Naranjo y Paul Sfez

Introducción Entre la Tradición y el Cambio: Evolución tecnológica de la caficultura costarricense, está orientado a satisfacer las necesidades diversas de un círculo amplio de lectores, desde el estudioso de la historia agraria que pretende obtener una síntesis interpretativa del desarrollo cafetalero costarricense hasta los diferentes sectores productivos involucrados con las faenas diarias de la caficultura. Esta característica divulgativa al gran público pone en manifiesto uno de los objetivos del quehacer universitario, devolver a los protagonistas que han construido la historia nacional las experiencias y conocimientos sobre la actividad productiva…

“Cultura y clase trabajadora, a propósito de ‘Artesanos y obreros costarricenses 1880- 1914', de Mario Oliva Medina”

Introducción:Si la historia económica se ha venido desarrollando sistemáticamente en nuestro país desde hace poco más de una década, no es menos cierto que la historia socual recién comienza a dar sus primeros pasos. Una de sus vertienetes, aquella relacionada con la historia del movimiento obrero, viene tomando un auge inusitado. Es indudable que le fomento sistemático de la investigación y de medios de difusión de pensamiento histórico producido, son factores que han contribuido decisivamente a acelerar este proceso...

Los escritos de Fray Pablo de Rebullioda. Recopilación y transcripción de Mario Humbero Ruz

IntroducciónJesús, María y JoséLa gran majestad del altísimo Dios quiera que al recibido de ésta halle a vuestra paternidad con entera salud para amarle y servirle. Yo, al presente, la tengo buena para lo que me quisiere mandar.Estando prosiguiendo la convesión de los chánguenes trajéronme los térrabas un papel blanco sin habler escrito en él, diciéndome que los borucas se lo habían dado. Yo he juzgado que querían saber la verdad si los indios me han mierto o qué mi persona después me quedé solo.Proseguí los dictámenes de la obediencia y a donde pensaba hallar 300 indios encontré con 1800 infieles...

Estímulo à continuidade do tratamento odontológico na policlínica odontológica Santa Emilia- Dr. Mario G. da C. Lima na Rede municipal de saúde de Campo Grande/MS

O presente projeto de intervenção objetivou identificar e analisar as causas que determinaram ou contribuíram para o abandono do tratamento odontológico na Policlínica Santa Emília, no município de Campo Grande, MS e assim estimular o retorno destes pacientes aos tratamentos. Nesse sentido, utilizou-se uma entrevista através de contato telefônico com pais ou responsáveis por 36 pacientes na faixa etária de 03 a 14 anos. Durante a tentativa do contato, constatou-se que 25% dos pacientes mudaram de telefone e 16,6% não atenderam a ligação ou o telefone estava desligado, revelando uma dificuldade no contato. Entre as entrevistas realizadas, 17% declarou os pacientes terem ficado doentes, e 11% não ter dinheiro para o transporte até a unidade de saúde para dar prosseguimento ao tratamento. 95% remarcou a consulta, embora apenas 85% tenha de fato comparecido. Em nenhum momento houve crítica ao tratamento já realizado e nem a unidade de saúde. O projeto mostrou que ouvir os pacientes é de extrema importância para o sucesso do tratamento e que o contato telefônico é uma maneira positiva na busca dos pacientes que abandonaram ao tratamento, porém uma melhor rotina de coleta dos dados pessoais dos pacientes se faz necessário.

Melhoria da Atenção à Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama na UBS/ESF Mario Covas, Bonfim do Piauí/PI

Ulloa, Ormedy Grimon. Melhoria da atenção na detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero e do câncer de mama na UBS Mário Covas, Bonfim do Piauí-PI, 2015. 66f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Especialização em Saúde da Família). Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, ano 2015. Foi desenvolvida uma intervenção na UBS Mario Covas do município Bonfim do Piauí-PI com o objetivo de melhorar a atenção na detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero e do câncer de mama. O trabalho teve uma duração de 12 semanas. Decidiu-se intervir nesta ação programática por ser considerada uma das primeiras causas de morte na mulher. Onde pode ser acompanhada precocemente para evitar complicações maiores, além disso, porque o município tem registros, mas não são adequados, para fazer uma avaliação dos indicadores de cobertura e de qualidade do programa. Trabalha-se para ampliar a cobertura, a qualidade das amostras, a adesão ao programa, o registro das informações, avaliação de riscos e promoção da saúde. Foram desenvolvidas ações nos quatro eixos programáticos: monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da pratica clínica. Nossa área de cobertura tem uma população na faixa etária de 25 e 64 anos de 1248 mulheres sendo acompanhadas na UBS para prevenção de câncer de colo de útero antes da intervenção 263(21%) mulheres nesta faixa etária. Antes da intervenção não tínhamos dados para avaliar o indicador de cobertura para as ações de prevenção de câncer de mama. Com a intervenção foram cadastradas e acolhidas usuárias das faixas etárias alvo e foram feitas atividades de educação em saúde para as mulheres e para a comunidade falando da importância da realização dos exames e periodicidade para a realização. Foram organizados registros de todas as mulheres para acomodar os resultados, capacitados os profissionais de saúde e os ACS, as usuários faltosas foram buscadas com a realização também de visitas domiciliares. Durante a intervenção utilizamos como instrumentos de registro fichas espelhos e a planilha de coleta de dados (PCD) elaborados pela UFPel. Em uma população de 5393 habitantes teríamos como estimativa 1248 mulheres entre 25 e 64 anos e 448 mulheres na faixa etária entre 50 e 69 anos residente na área de abrangência da UBS. Conseguimos Duarte a intervenção cadastrar 604 (48.4%) mulheres na faixa etária entres 25 e 64 anos e 198 (44.2%) na faixa etária entre 50 a 69 anos. Destas temos 604(48.4%) com o exame para prevenção precoce de câncer do colo do útero em dia e 198 (44.2%) com exame em dia para detecção precoce de câncer de mama. Este projeto terá continuidade, pois ainda muitas mulheres não estão no programa, até atingir a participação dos 100% delas no programa. Este projeto possibilitou resultados favoráveis na qualidade de saúde da mulher, permitiu a conscientização das usuários ao auto cuidado. Participação ativa da ade comunidade e interação entre os profissionais de saúde.

Ikkε Is Key To Induction Of Insulin Resistance In The Hypothalamus, And Its Inhibition Reverses Obesity.

IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Whole-body IKKε knockout mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. We demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice with CAYMAN10576 or small interfering RNA decreased NF-κB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser307) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin resistance by an improvement of the IR/IRS-1/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the hypothalamus. These improvements were independent of body weight and food intake. Increased insulin and leptin action/signaling in the hypothalamus may contribute to a decrease in adiposity and hypophagia and an enhancement of energy expenditure accompanied by lower NPY and increased POMC mRNA levels. Improvement of hypothalamic insulin action decreases fasting glycemia, glycemia after pyruvate injection, and PEPCK protein expression in the liver of HFD-fed and db/db mice, suggesting a reduction in hepatic glucose production. We suggest that IKKε may be a key inflammatory mediator in the hypothalamus of obese mice, and its hypothalamic inhibition improves energy and glucose metabolism.

Otoneurological Evaluation: Current Good Practice.

80

Fractalkine (cx3cl1) Is Involved In The Early Activation Of Hypothalamic Inflammation In Experimental Obesity.

Hypothalamic inflammation is a common feature of experimental obesity. Dietary fats are important triggers of this process, inducing the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microglia cells, which are the cellular components of the innate immune system in the brain, are expected to play a role in the early activation of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we use bone marrow transplants to generate mice chimeras that express a functional TLR4 in the entire body except in bone marrow-derived cells or only in bone marrow-derived cells. We show that a functional TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells is required for the complete expression of the diet-induced obese phenotype and for the perpetuation of inflammation in the hypothalamus. In an obesity-prone mouse strain, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is rapidly induced in the neurons of the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of hypothalamic fractalkine reduces diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytic cells to the hypothalamus; in addition, this inhibition reduces obesity and protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance. Thus, fractalkine is an important player in the early induction of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, and its inhibition impairs the induction of the obese and glucose intolerance phenotypes.

Ghost Cells In Pilomatrixoma, Craniopharyngioma, And Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor: Histological, Immunohistochemical, And Ultrastructural Study.

Pilomatrixoma, craniopharyngioma, and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor are the main entities presenting ghost cells as an important histological feature, in spite their quite different clinical presentation; it seems that they share a common pathway in the formation of these cells. The aim of this study is to examine and compare the characteristics of ghost and other cells that form these lesions. Forty-three cases including 21 pilomatrixomas, 14 craniopharyngiomas, and eight calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins, CD138, β-catenin, D2-40, Glut-1, FAS, CD10 and also by scanning electron microscopy. The CKs, CD138, β-catenin, Glut-1, FAS, and CD10 were more often expressed by transitional cells of craniopharyngioma and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, compared with pilomatrixoma. Basaloid cells of pilomatrixoma showed strong positivity for CD138 and CD10. Differences on expression pattern were identified in transitional and basal cells, as ghost cells were negative for most antibodies used, except by low expression for cytokeratins. By scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of ghost cells were similar in their fibrillar cytoplasm, but their pattern varied from sheets in pilomatrixoma to small clusters in craniopharyngioma and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. Mechanisms involved in formation of ghost cells are unknown, but probably they follow different pathways as protein expression in the basal/transitional cells was not uniform in the three tumors studied.

Effects Of High Pressure Homogenization On The Activity, Stability, Kinetics And Three-dimensional Conformation Of A Glucose Oxidase Produced By Aspergillus Niger.

High pressure homogenization (HPH) is a non-thermal method, which has been employed to change the activity and stability of biotechnologically relevant enzymes. This work investigated how HPH affects the structural and functional characteristics of a glucose oxidase (GO) from Aspergillus niger. The enzyme was homogenized at 75 and 150 MPa and the effects were evaluated with respect to the enzyme activity, stability, kinetic parameters and molecular structure. The enzyme showed a pH-dependent response to the HPH treatment, with reduction or maintenance of activity at pH 4.5-6.0 and a remarkable activity increase (30-300%) at pH 6.5 in all tested temperatures (15, 50 and 75°C). The enzyme thermal tolerance was reduced due to HPH treatment and the storage for 24 h at high temperatures (50 and 75°C) also caused a reduction of activity. Interestingly, at lower temperatures (15°C) the activity levels were slightly higher than that observed for native enzyme or at least maintained. These effects of HPH treatment on function and stability of GO were further investigated by spectroscopic methods. Both fluorescence and circular dichroism revealed conformational changes in the molecular structure of the enzyme that might be associated with the distinct functional and stability behavior of GO.

Radiotherapy Does Not Impair Dentin Adhesive Properties In Head And Neck Cancer Patients.

This study evaluated the influence of radiotherapy on the dentin bond strength of teeth extracted from patients who had undergone head and neck radiotherapy. A total of 36 samples were divided into two experimental groups: group I (control group, n = 18) and group II (in vivo irradiated group, n = 18). Groups I and II were further separated into three subgroups (six specimens per subgroup), which were further assigned to the three adhesive system protocols employed: Single Bond 2 (SB) (3M ESPE), Easy Bond (EB) (3M ESPE) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) (Kuraray). The adhesive systems were applied to the prepared surface according to the manufacturers' instructions and restored using composite resin (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE). After 24 h in deionised water (37(o)C), teeth were horizontally and vertically cut to obtain beam specimens with a cross-section area of 0.8 ± 1.0 mm(2). Specimens were tested in tension using a universal testing machine at a cross-speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture patterns were observed under SEM. Data was analysed by two-way analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the irradiated (R/SB = 44.66 ± 10.12 MPa; R/EB = 41.48 ± 12.71 MPa; and R/CSE = 46.01 ± 6.98 MPa) and control group (C/SB = 39.12 ± 9.51 MPa; C/EB = 42.40 ± 6.66 MPa; and C/CSE = 36.58 ± 7.06 MPa) for any of the adhesive systems. All groups presented a predominance of mixed fracture modes. Head and neck radiotherapy did not affect dentin bond strength for the adhesive materials tested in this study.

On The Consistency Of Monte Carlo Track Structure Dna Damage Simulations.

Monte Carlo track structures (MCTS) simulations have been recognized as useful tools for radiobiological modeling. However, the authors noticed several issues regarding the consistency of reported data. Therefore, in this work, they analyze the impact of various user defined parameters on simulated direct DNA damage yields. In addition, they draw attention to discrepancies in published literature in DNA strand break (SB) yields and selected methodologies. The MCTS code Geant4-DNA was used to compare radial dose profiles in a nanometer-scale region of interest (ROI) for photon sources of varying sizes and energies. Then, electron tracks of 0.28 keV-220 keV were superimposed on a geometric DNA model composed of 2.7 × 10(6) nucleosomes, and SBs were simulated according to four definitions based on energy deposits or energy transfers in DNA strand targets compared to a threshold energy ETH. The SB frequencies and complexities in nucleosomes as a function of incident electron energies were obtained. SBs were classified into higher order clusters such as single and double strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs) based on inter-SB distances and on the number of affected strands. Comparisons of different nonuniform dose distributions lacking charged particle equilibrium may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the effect of energy on relative biological effectiveness. The energy transfer-based SB definitions give similar SB yields as the one based on energy deposit when ETH ≈ 10.79 eV, but deviate significantly for higher ETH values. Between 30 and 40 nucleosomes/Gy show at least one SB in the ROI. The number of nucleosomes that present a complex damage pattern of more than 2 SBs and the degree of complexity of the damage in these nucleosomes diminish as the incident electron energy increases. DNA damage classification into SSB and DSB is highly dependent on the definitions of these higher order structures and their implementations. The authors' show that, for the four studied models, different yields are expected by up to 54% for SSBs and by up to 32% for DSBs, as a function of the incident electrons energy and of the models being compared. MCTS simulations allow to compare direct DNA damage types and complexities induced by ionizing radiation. However, simulation results depend to a large degree on user-defined parameters, definitions, and algorithms such as: DNA model, dose distribution, SB definition, and the DNA damage clustering algorithm. These interdependencies should be well controlled during the simulations and explicitly reported when comparing results to experiments or calculations.