Elementos de hist��ria da educação matem��tica

Neste trabalho a quatro m��os, Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica e Luzia Aparecida de Souza tentam compreender de que modo a hist��ria do ensino da Matem��tica influenciou os métodos did��ticos atualmente empregados, principalmente na educação b��sica, mas tamb��m na forma����o e no direcionamento dos professores. De acordo com os pesquisadores, ap��s as reformas educacionais realizadas na Fran��a na d��cada de 1790, em grande parte sustentadas pelos ideais iluministas, elementar passou a significar introdut��rio, ou simples, e a caracterizar essencialmente as obras voltadas para o ensino. Ainda hoje a Matem��tica ��, muitas vezes, tanto no Brasil como no exterior, tratada no ensino b��sico como uma esp��cie de introdu����o que nunca transcende a si mesma. Os autores tamb��m reuniram no livro os resultados de algumas interven����es de campo, como discuss��es que promoveram com crian��as e seus professores acerca da influ��ncia da mem��ria comunit��ria no aprendizado da Matem��tica e levantamento sobre a import��ncia da oralidade para a transmiss��o de conhecimentos de Aritm��tica e Geometria.

An��lise de custo-efetividade de métodos preventivos para superf��cie oclusal de acordo com o risco de c��rie: resultados de um ensaio cl��nico controlado

This study presents the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis in a controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of a modified glass ionomer resin sealant ( Vitremer, 3M ESPE) and the application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat, Colgate) on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in children 6-8 years of age (N = 268), according to caries risk (high versus low). Children were examined semiannually by the same calibrated dentist for 24 months after allocation in six groups: high and low risk controls (oral health education every three months); high and low risk with varnish (oral health education every three months + varnish biannually); and high and low risk with sealant (oral health education every three months + a single application of sealant). Economic analysis showed that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren showed a C/E ratio of US$ 119.80 per saved occlusal surface and an incremental C/E ratio of US$ 108.36 per additional saved occlusal surface. The study concluded that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren was the most cost-effective intervention.

Hist��ria da educação e literatura: possibilidades de rela����es

In the last decades of the 20th Century, the History of the Education, as well as that of Mathematical Education have used the background of the New History and Cultural History. It has changed its objects, methods and sources. Despite the diversification of sources, some of them have still not been used systematically in research. This is the situation with regard to fiction texts. According to Lajolo (1997), literature is the radar and mirror of the values, emotions, feelings and point of view of societies. Therefore we can pose questions to literary texts to seek historical narratives. In this paper, parts of the literary texts Novelas Paulistanas and Mem��rias de um Sargento de Mil��cias have led us to historical research in secondary sources. We aim to contribute to understanding of the Brazilian Empire's process of school education, in Rio de Janeiro, and of the FirstRepublic's educational process, in S��o Paulo.

Bom de boca: educação e cultura na cozinha da TV digital

P��s-gradua����o em Televis��o Digital: Informa����o e Conhecimento - FAAC

Gest��o do conhecimento na educação ambiental: estudo de casos em programas de educação ambiental em universidades brasileiras

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Perfil comunicativo de crian��as que ingressaram na educação infantil ap��s os cinco anos de idade

Objective: To characterize the communicative behaviors of children who entered in Primary School after the age of five. Methods: It was a descriptive study, held in a city at the countryside of Parana state (Brazil), in the years 2007 and 2008, in both school and home environments. Twelve children of both genders joined in the study, with age ranging from five years and two months to six years, besides their mothers and respective teachers. Interviews were conducted with mothers and a questionnaire for teachers. Afterwards, observations of the communication of children in school and home environments were conducted. Data analysis focused on those relevant to children���s development and school performance, trying to determine their communicative profile in school and home environments, from protocols regarding the indicators of communication means and functions. Results: The results indicated the presence of a child with poor general health, with complications from the pregnancy period, with motor and language delays and low school performance. It was also observed that all children used verbal means to communicate and the highest frequency of communicative functions appeared in home environment, indicating an important aspect to be considered in the stimulation of communication of these children. Conclusion: Data from this study showed that the children benefited more of contexts planned with family interlocutors.

Os fins e meios da Educação Moral nas escolas brasileiras: representa����es de educadores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Os paralelos entre a capoeira regional e os métodos gin��sticos europeus do s��culo XIX

Na Europa do s��culo XIX, consolidava-se, entre outras linhas de pensamento, o cient��ficismo positivista e a defesa m��dica da necessidade de sa��de, retid��o e disciplina dos cidad��os. Neste contexto, as atividades f��sicas naquele continente passaram a ser estudadas como pontes para se alcan��ar tais objetivos. S��o portanto criados os métodos gin��sticos europeus a partir de atividades que se mostrassem efetivas para o desenvolvimento f��sico do indiv��duo, como manifesta����es populares de proeza acrob��ticas e exerc��cios militares. O fen��meno esportivo desse per��odo conjugou-se com a influ��ncia dos sistemas gin��sticos europeus e a vis��o positivista de corpo. Tal modelo consolidou-se como dominante no s��culo XX e a Capoeira n��o foi exce����o. Na virada do s��culo XIX para o XX, o Brasil era um pa��s que buscava sua identidade como na����o em diversos ambitos sociais, como arte, ra��a, vestimenta, idioma, hist��ria e cultura em geral. No campo das at��vidades f��sicas buscava-se tamb��m uma manifesta����o que nos representasse. E apesar de ilegal, a capoeira surgiu como forte candidato ao posto de gin��stica nacional. Assim como manifesta����es populares chamaram a aten����o dos criadores dos métodos gin��sticos europeus, a capoeira tamb��m despontou pelos benef��cios vis��veis que trazia para seus praticantes. Muitos fizeram sua defesa at�� que Manoel dos Reis Machado, o Mestre Bimba, metodizou a capoeira de ent��o para criar a Capoeira Regional Baiana, um estilo que, de acordo com ele, seria mais eficaz tanto como luta, esporte e forma de aquisi����o de desempenho f��sico. Neste trabalho abordaremos a Capoeira no contexto da constitui����o dos campos da gin��stica e do esporte ocidentais do fim do s��culo XIX e come��o do s��culo XX apresentando as influ��ncias que levaram �� cria����o da Capoeira Regional ...(Resumo completo, clicar em acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

As dificuldades de implanta����o de atividades experimentais investigativas no ensino de Qu��mica

Dissatisfaction with certain aspects of the educational processes of the traditional teaching has always existed, and new teaching methods have been routinely studied. The experimental investigative activity is one of those alternative practices. In this type of activity the experimentation is inserted with an investigative approach, in which the student must build the concept, with proposals that represent solutions to the excited problems. In the teaching of chemistry, specifically, the need and importance of experimentation is evident, beyond motivate students, aid in the understanding of chemical concepts relating them to reality. Realizing the contributions of this methodology for teaching and learning, through this research was conducted to understand the difficulties encountered by teachers for planning and implementation of these activities in the teaching of chemistry and therefore the reasons for the dominance of traditional teaching method. The subjects were undergraduate students of chemistry course that developed and implemented differentiated learning activities for teaching and teachers who accompanied the high school students who participated in the university extension project Inclusion Science and University students and teachers from public: Teaching and Learning Chemistry focuses on research and practice���. Through the data it was possible to identify some factors that affect and hinder the implementation of experimental activities in general, not only the investigative. However, despite the difficulties experienced by undergraduates, the majority considered the activity as an alternative teaching method interesting and innovative, able to produce interest, motivation and participation of students with subsequent learning. As well as the teachers, what with all the difficulties that they had declared facing when applying experimental activities, they admitted the pedagogical... (Complete abstract click electronic access belo)

A pr��xis docente fundamentada no programa ler e escrever potencializada pela proposta de educação freiriana: uma conflu��ncia em discuss��o

This study presents results a research held in the framework of, literacy projects and the process of formation of critical consciousness (instances considered, research, literacy essential to the process) and was based on the theory and design education and literacy of Paulo Freire, as well as theories that deal with the acquisition of the writing system and the process of social literacy. The objective is to see how the process of literacy and literacy for children of elementary school second, through teaching practices arising from the current state program, Read and Write and analyze the processes of formation of conscience in this age group, from the educational concepts of Paulo Freire. Was aimed also consider and describe the possible confluence between the pedagogical praxis based on state curriculum and educational proposals frerianas. For the survey, we used the field study of exploratorydescriptive and the methodology developed in three stages, namely: literature review, field research in locus, and data analysis. The instruments used were literature review and annotated by syntheses, systematic observation recorded in field notebook; open a questionnaire, and protocol of semi-structured interview. The survey was conducted in a state school in the city of Bauru, in a classroom of second year of elementary school, I cycle and the research subjects were a literacy teacher and 18 students in that room. This study developed a historical overview of literacy methods, and present the concepts of literacy and literacy in which it is based. The survey results indicate that, on the literacy practices, proposals and guidelines of the Reading and Writing Program meet the expectations which they propose to achieve, on the literacy practices in the classroom are used various kinds of texts, however, not explored are the social aspects of production, ...((Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aplica����o de métodos computacionais no estudo das fases intermet��licas ordenadas pt-sn

Fuel cells are a very promising solution to the problems of power generation and emission of pollutant to the environment, excellent to be used in stationary application and mobile application too. The high cost of production of these devices, mainly due to the use of noble metals as anode, is a major obstacle to massive production and deployment of this technology, however the use of intermetallic phases of platinum combined with other metals less noble has been evaluated as electrodes in order to minimize production costs and still being able to significantly improve the catalytic performance of the anode. The study of intermetallic phases, exclusively done by experimental techniques is not complete and demand that other methods need to be applied to a deeper understanding of the behavior geometric properties and the electronic structure of the material, to this end the use of computer simulation methods, which have proved appropriate for a broader understanding of the geometric and electronic properties of the materials involved, so far not so well understood.. The use of computational methods provides answers to explain the behavior of the materials and allows assessing whether the intermetallic may be a good electrode. In this research project was used the Quantum-ESPRESSO package, based on the DFT theory, which provides the self-consistent field calculations with great precision, calculations of the periodic systems interatomic force, and other post-processing calculations that points to a knowledge of the geometric and electronic properties of materials, which may be related to other properties of them, even the electrocatalytic. The electronic structure is determined from the optimized geometric structure of materials by analyzing the density of states (DOS) projected onto atomic orbital, which determines the influence of the electrocatalytic properties of the material... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Experimenta����o e educação ambiental: contribui����es metodol��gicas

During the last centuries, the human being have been considered the center of the universe. The man believed that nature was at his disposal. Appropriated their processes, their cycles changed, redefined their spaces. Today, when faced with an environmental crisis which threatens the planet life, including the human life, the Science Education can contribute to a reconstruction of man-nature relationship in other terms. The transformation of teaching practices in the school environment, to be reflective, it is still a process that challenges the vast majority of teachers. As has been indicated by Guerra (2004), among others, the traditional teaching of content delivery is still very strong and certainly more deeply embedded in ideas and activities of the teachers who focus on environmental education. With it, a theory and pedagogical discourses in critical-reflexive actions is still a major obstacle. Therefore, new proposals for education and continuing education activities need to be formulated and presented based on the characteristics and needs breathing. Therefore propose changes in the way of teaching, where there is more room for a theory and praxis alone or with a only scientific truth. The scenery of society requires that knowledge is constructed to interconnect all disciplines, joining theory and practice so we can understand the whole and their relations in an integrated manner. It was proposed here a way to build a school and applying theoretical and practical activities involving experimental and seeking to meet the principles of Environmental Education for the training of citizens aware and critical. At the same time cares to use textbooks very rich in its pedagogical character that are present in schools and often are, forgotten and unused by teachers. From this way, I chose to Experimentoteca, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O discurso do uso de animais nas pesquisas de Educação F��sica

It is possible in many countries, perhaps all, there is business groups of pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics together with the universities that use animals in scientific research and testing for the creation of new products and medicines. Currently is growing discussion about standards and criteria for the use of these animals (guinea pigs) and also increases the number of debates on ethical issues in research with animal models. This research seeks to portray the reality of the use of animals in scientific research academic at the University, specifically to research in physical education, as it has used animals in the areas of Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity, Nutrition for Athletes, among others. Initially is shown the pre-reflection, exposing the laws governing the subject, treating the animal experimentation with regard to its history and the issues of speciesism and the methodological mistake. It reveals what it is and as is the use of animals in education and the inability of the student to change that reality, to refuse to participate in the cruel activity, and even they are aware of their rights as in the case of the withdrawal of consciousness. Presents researchers and universities not use animals and ends the pre-debate showing Who is really the most animal research at the university by providing alternatives for them. We conducted a literature survey on animal experimentation, research universities, and alternative methods. The following is the phenomenon in understanding and awareness of the researchers who use animals in their research, conducting a phenomenological analysis of his speeches, revealing the meanings of their animal research. The focus of this study is, therefore, the analysis of discourses of researchers who carried out research using animal experiments (guinea pigs). The phenomenon of understanding of the researchers about their research is made clear... (Complete abstract click ectronic access below)

O uso de atividades experimentais de demonstra����o para a aprendizagem de eletromagnetismo

This research aimed to verify if the use of experimental demonstration activities through an approach that employed discursive patterns that provided social interaction in the classroom, provided the students motivation to participate in activities and learn the worked contents. The students of this research were twenty four in a Guaratinguet��'s school, aged between 19 and 24 years. The instruments of analysis were transcripts of conversations that occurred between student / teacher and student / student and also the studes s answers to a evaluative questionnaire. In order to support this analysis, we used the Vygotsky Social Historical theory . The results showed that the use of demonstration activities, following an approach that used discursive patterns that enabled the social interaction between teacher and students and among students, motivated students to learn the worked contents

O experimento e o l��dico: reflex��es sobre atividades did��ticas experimentais para o ensino de F��sica e a ludicidade

In this work, is discussed the importance of experimental activities in Education of Physics in Basic Education from the experience of Supervised Stage and the work with the Initiation of Teaching in the Program PIBID CAPES, in this case linked to the Department of Education of the Institute of Biosciences, Campus Rio Claro, S��o Paulo State, in partnership with three schools of basic education in the city. At first, based on the work of Ferreira with Instrumentation for Teaching Physics, consider the electrostatic theme. The focus is the searching for equipments constructed with low cost materials and easy access. Were developed and promoted strategies of the use of such materials in Physics��� Teaching, with a view to reintroducing experimental teaching activities in Public Basic Education, in the form Workshop Learning and Teaching of Physics, as well as lessons of Laboratory with the help of script and also in the form of an Experiments Library. These experimental activities were critically analyzed with a focus on playfulness. The focus of work in experimental activities for the Physics��� Teaching allowed to redeem, critically, didactic materials. From the standpoint of playfulness, playful moments and interaction of individuals with the knowledge that provides the experimental material when used strategically, they seem to be of great relevance to the Physics��� Teaching in Basic Education. It is possible to use experiments in Physics��� Teaching in public schools