History of the church /

Vols 1-4 of the American edition published under title Handbook of Church history.

Fragment of Ælfric's Grammar, Ælfric's Glossary, and a poem on the soul and body, in the orthography of the 12th century : discovered among the archives of Worcester Cathedral by Sir T. Phillipps /

Fragmentary texts from a 13th-century ms. (Worcester Cathedral F. 174) wherein the linguistic forms are consistently Early Middle English. cf. Cat. of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon / N.R. Ker. 1957. p. 466.

Education pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.

The terrestrial Miocene biota of southern New Zealand

Known Early-Middle Miocene terrestrial strata of southern New Zealand are represented by alluvial plain and lacustrine sediments. A vertebrate fauna including fish, ducks, and crocodiles populated Lake Manuherikia, with abundant mussels, gastropods, and stromatolites occupying the near-shore areas of the lake. A diverse vegetation covered the surrounding broad fluvial plains that extended to the coastal margins. Initially this was largely rainforest, which varied according to habitat and to changing climate. In particular, the climate and ecology appear to have fluctuated across the two major thresholds of fire/no-fire and of peat accumulation and no-peat. A major climate change, possibly the sharp global deterioration in conditions at about 14 Ma, profoundly changed the vegetation. Rainforest continuity fragmented, and herblands became widespread. Leaf fossils effectively disappear from the record at this time.

Effect after introducing Bacillus thuringiensis gene on nitrogen metabolism in cotton

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton has shown changes of vegetative and reproductive growth characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological change of nitrogen metabolism that related closely to the growth in Bt cotton cultivars. The study Was undertaken on two 131 transgenic cotton cultivars and their parents, one conventional (Xingyang822) and recurrent parent (Sumian No. 9), the other a hybrid (Kumian No. 1) and female parent (Yumian No. 1), during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons at the Yangzhou University Farm, Yangzhou, China. In the 2001 study, The results indicated that the Bt cotton cultivars were higher than their parents in leaf total nitrogen, free amino acid and soluble protein content, greater in NR and GPT activity, and lower in protease activity, during peak square and boll developing period. The biggest increase of total nitrogen was at peak boll period, which increased by 36.01 and 18.96% for Kumian No. I and Xingyang822, respectively. There were similar results for free amino acid and soluble protein content. The results showed further in 2002 study that NR activity increased dramatically at peak square and early boll open period, the biggest increase at early boll open period, with Kumian No. I and Xingyan,822 being 87.5 and 61.4% higher than their parent, respectively, the biggest increase of GPT activity was at peak boll period, with Kumian No. I and Xingyang822 being 39.1 and 29.1% higher than their parent, respectively. However, protease activity of Bt cultivars reduced significantly before flowering and early boll open period, the biggest decrease was before flowering period, with Kumian No. I being more than 30%, Xingyang822 being 26.5% at peak square period. Moreover, the boll total nitrogen content reduced sharply. The results suggest that the Bt cotton cultivars have higher intensity of leaf nitrogen metabolism than their parent, especially during square and boll development period. It is disadvantage for square development and earlier boll maturity under high nitrogen condition. The cultural practice should aim at reducing leaf nitrogen metabolic strength and keep the balance of vegetative and reproductive growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape

The late Early to early Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites, spanning -1000 km north-south (northeastern Washington State, southern British Columbia) provide an opportunity to reconstruct biotic communities across a broad upland landscape during the warmest part of the Cenozoic. Plant taxa from these fossil sites are characteristic of the modern eastern North American deciduous forest zone, principally the mixed mesophytic forest, but also include extinct taxa, taxa known only from eastern Asian mesothermal forests, and a small number of taxa restricted to the present-day North American west coast coniferous biome. In this preliminary report, paleoclimates and forest types are reconstructed using collections from Republic in Washington State, USA., and Princeton, Quilchena, Falkland, McAbee, Hat Creek, Horsefly, and Driftwood Canyon in British Columbia, Canada. Both leaf margin analysis (LMA) and quantitative bioclimatic analysis of identified nearest living relatives of megaflora indicated upper microthermal to lower mesothermal moist environments (MAT -10-15 degrees C, CMMT > 0 degrees C, MAP > 100 cm/year). Some taxa common to most sites suggest cool conditions (e.g., Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). However, all floras contain a substantive broadleaf deciduous element (e.g., Fagaceae, Juglandaceae) and conifers (e.g., Metasequoia) with the bioclimatic analysis yielding slightly higher MAT than LMA. Thermophilic (principally mesothermal) taxa include various insects, the aquatic fern Azolla, palms, the banana relative Ensete, taxodiaceous conifers, Eucommia and Gordonia, taxa which may have occurred near their climatic limits. The mixture of thermophilic and temperate insect and plant taxa indicates low-temperature seasonality (i.e., highly equable climate).

Relationships of tacrolimus pharmacokinetic measures and adverse outcomes in stable adult liver transplant recipients

Alternative measures to trough concentrations [non-trough concentrations and limited area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)] have been shown to better predict tacrolimus AUC. The aim of this study was to determine if these are also better predictors of adverse outcomes in long term liver transplant recipients. The associations between tacrolimus trough concentrations (C-0), non-trough concentrations (C-1, C-2, C-4, C-6/8), and AUC(0-12) and the occurrence of hypertension, hyperkalaemia, hyperglycaemia and nephrotoxicity were assessed in 34 clinically stable liver transplant patients. The most common adverse outcome was hypertension, prevalence of 36%. Hyperkalaemia and hyperglycaemia had a prevalence of 21% and 13%, respectively. A sequential population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach was implemented. No significant association between predicted C-0, C-1, C-2, C-4, C-6/8 or AUC(0-12) and adverse effects could be found. Tacrolimus concentrations and AUC measures were in the same range in patients with and without adverse effects. Measures reported to provide benefit, preventing graft rejection and minimizing acute adverse effects in the early post-transplant period, were not able to predict adverse effects in stable adult liver recipients whose trough concentrations were maintained in the notional target range.

The effect of admission physiological variables on 30 day outcome after stroke

Introduction. Potentially modifiable physiological variables may influence stroke prognosis but their independence from modifiable factors remains unclear. Methods. Admission physiological measures (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and blood glucose) and other unmodifiable factors were recorded from patients presenting within 48 hours of stroke. These variables were compared with the outcomes of death and death or dependency at 30 days in multivariate statistical models. Results. In the 186 patients included in the study, age, atrial fibrillation and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Score were identified as unmodifiable factors independently associated with death and death or dependency. After adjusting for these factors, none of the physiological variables were independently associated with death, while only diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >= 90 mmHg was associated with death or dependency at 30 days (p = 0.02). Conclusions. Except for elevated DBP, we found no independent associations between admission physiology and outcome at 30 days in an unselected stroke cohort. Future studies should look for associations in subgroups, or by analysing serial changes in physiology during the early post-stroke period.

Raman microscopic investigation of paint samples from the Rosalila building, Copan, Honduras

Micro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to the study of multiple layered wall paints from the Rosalila temple, Copan, Honduras, which dates to the Middle Classic period (A.D. 520 to 655). Samples of red, green and grey paint and a thick white overcoating were analysed. The paint pigments have been identified as hematite, celadonite or green earth and a combined carbon/mica mixture. By combining Raman spectroscopy with micro-ATR infrared spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), a detailed study has been made of the materials and processes used to make the stucco and paints. The use of green earth as a green pigment on Maya buildings has not been reported before. The combination of carbon and muscovite mica to create a reflective paint is also a novel finding.

Orthodoxy and the Cold War:religion and political power in Romania, 1947-65

This book examines the unique dynamics between Orthodoxy and politics in Romania. It provides an accessible narrative on church-state relations in the early Cold War period within a wider timeframe, from the establishment of the state in 1859 to the rise of Nicolae Ceausescu in 1965. In the 1950s Romania began to distance itself from Moscow's influence, developing its own form of communism. Based on new archival resources, the book argues that Romanian national communism, outside Moscow's influence, had an ally in a strong Church. It addresses the following questions: How did the Church, which openly opposed communism in the interwar period, survive the atheist regime? How did the regime use religion to its political advantage? What was the Church's influence on Romanian politics? The book analyses the political interests of the Romanian Orthodox Church and its religious diplomacy with actors in the West, in particular with the Church of England.

Relative abundance of planktonic foraminifera in Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments of DSDP Hole 32-310 from Hess Rise, Central North Pacific (Table II)

Late Neogene planktonic foraminifera have been examined at Site 310 in the Central North Pacific and their stratigraphic ranges and frequencies are presented here. Blow's (1969) zonation developed for tropical regions has been applied where applicable. Where tropical index taxa are rare or absent in this temperate region, Globorotalia crassaformis, and the evolutionary bioseries G. conoidea - G. conomiozea and G. puncticulata - G. inflata have been found useful for zonal subdivisions. A correlation between stratigraphic ranges and frequency distributions of these species at Site 310 in the Central North Pacific, and Site 284 in the Southwest Pacific indicates that these species are relatively consistent biostratigraphic markers in temperate regions of both the North and South Pacific Oceans. An informal zonation for temperate latitudes of the Southwest Pacific has been established by Kennett (1973) and a similar zonal subdivision can be made at Site 310. Paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic interpretations based on coiling ratios, percent abundance, and phenotypic variations of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma indicate four major cold events during early, middle, and late Pliocene, and early Pleistocene. Faunal correlations of these events with similar events elsewhere in the Northeast and Southwest Pacific which have been paleomagnetically dated indicate the following approximate ages for these cold events: 4.7 Ma, 3.0 Ma, 2.6-1.8 Ma, and 1.2 Ma. Faunal assemblages have been divided into three groups representing cool, intermediate, and warmer water assemblages. Cool water assemblages are dominated by ~60% N. pachyderma; intermediate temperature faunas are dominated by species of Globigerina and Globigerinita and contain between 20% and 30% N. pachyderma. Warmer water assemblages are dominated by species of Globorotalia and contain <10% N. pachyderma. Frequency oscillations within these groups, in addition to paleotemperature parameters evident in N. pachyderma, afford refined paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic interpretations.

(Table 1) Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of benthic foraminifera of DSDP Holes 82-563

Previous studies of benthic foraminiferal isotopic composition have demonstrated that a latest Eocene-earliest Oligocene benthic foraminiferal d18O increase occurred in the Pacific, Southern and Atlantic Oceans (Douglas and Savin, 1973, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.17.120.1973; Savin et al., 1977, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1499:TMP>2.0.CO;2; Shackleton and Kennett, 1975, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.29.117.1975; Kennett and Shackleton, 1976, doi:10.1038/260513a0; Savin, 1977, doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.05.050177.001535; Keigwin, 1980, doi:10.1038/287722a0; Boersma and Shackleton, 1979, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.39.139.1977; Miller and Curry, 1982, doi:10.1038/296347a0; Miller et al., 1985, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.80.113.1985). A Middle Miocene d18O increase has been noted in the Pacific, Southern and South Atlantic Oceans (Douglas and Savin, 1973, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.17.120.1973; Savin et al., 1975, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1499:TMP>2.0.CO;2; Shackleton and Kennett, 1975, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.29.117.1975; Boersma and Shackleton, 1979, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.39.139.1977; Woodruff et al., 1981, doi:10.1126/science.212.4495.665; Savin et al., 1981, doi:10.1016/0377-8398(81)90031-1; and tentatively identified in the North Atlantic (Blanc et al., 1980, doi:10.1038/283553a0; Blanc and Duplessy, 1982, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(82)90033-4). Due to the incomplete nature of the North Atlantic stratigraphical record, however, the Oligocene to Middle Miocene isotopic record (Moore et al., 1978, Miller and Tucholke, 1983) of this ocean is poorly understood. In the modern ocean, the North Atlantic and its marginal seas has a critical role in abyssal circulation, influencing deep- and bottom-water hydrography as far away as the North Pacific (Reid and Lynn, 1971, doi:10.1016/0011-7471(71)90094-5; Worthington, 1976; Reid, 1971, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(79)90064-5). We now report oxygen isotope measurements on Oligocene to Middle Miocene (12-36 Myr BP) benthic foraminifera in the western North Atlantic which show two periods of enriched 18O values: early Oligocene and early Middle Miocene. These enriched intervals are interpreted as resulting, in part, from the build-up of continental ice sheets. The Oligocene to Middle Miocene d13C record shows three cycles of enrichment and depletion of large enough magnitude to be useful for time-Stratigraphical correlations. Within the biostratigraphical age resolution, d18O and d13C records correlate with records from other oceans, helping to establish a useful Tertiary isotopic stratigraphy. An Atlantic-Pacific d13C contrast of 0.3-0.9 per mil during the latest Oligocene to Middle Miocene (12-26 Myr BP) indicates North Atlantic deep and bottom-water production analogous to modern North Atlantic deep water (NADW).

(Table 1) Luminescence datings from Varchushka and Pyoza rivers, Russia

The Pyoza River area in the Arkhangelsk district exposes sedimentary sequences suitable for study of the interaction between consecutive Valdaian ice sheets in Northern Russia. Lithostratigraphic investigations combined with luminescence dating have revealed new evidence on the Late Pleistocene history of the area. Overlying glacigenic deposits of the Moscowian (Saalian) glaciation marine deposits previously confined to three separate transgression phases have all been connected to the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial. Early Valdaian (E. Weichselian) proglacial, lacustrine and fluvial deposits indicate glaciation to the east or north and consequently glacier damming and meltwater run-off in the Pyoza area around 90-110 ka BP. Interstadial conditions with forest-steppe tundra vegetation and lacustrine and fluvial deposition prevailed at the end of the Early Valdaian around 75-95 ka BP. A terrestrial-based glaciation from easterly uplands reached the Pyoza area at the Early to Middle Valdaian transition around 65-75 ka BP and deposited glaciofluvial strata and subglacial till (Yolkino Till). During deglaciation, laterally extensive glaciolacustrine sediments were deposited in ice-dammed lakes in the early Middle Valdaian around 55-75 ka BP. The Barents-Kara Sea ice sheet deposited the Viryuga Till on the lower Pyoza from northerly directions. The ice sheet formed the Pyoza marginal moraines, which can be correlated with the Markhida moraines further east, and proglacial lacustrine deposition persisted in the area during the first part of the Middle Valdaian. Glacio-isostatic uplift caused erosion followed by pedogenesis and the formation of a deflation horizon in the Middle Valdaian. Widely dispersed periglacial river plains were formed during the Late Valdaian around 10-20 ka BP. Thus, the evidence of a terrestrial-based ice sheet from easterly uplands in the Pyoza area suggests that local piedmont glaciers situated in highlands such as the Timan Ridge or the Urals could have developed into larger, regionally confined ice sheets. Two phases of ice damming and development of proglacial lakes occurred during the Early and Middle Valdaian. The region did not experience glaciation during the Late Valdaian.

First Triassic tetrapod (Sauropterygia, Nothosauridae) from Castilla y León: evidence of an unknown taxon for the Spanish record

Several vertebrae of a sauropterygian specimen have been recovered in Fuencaliente de Medinaceli (Soria Province, Castilla y León, Spain). The remains come from Middle–Upper Triassic Muschelkalk Facies. This finding represents the first documented evidence of a Triassic tetrapod in Castilla y León. The vertebrae belong to Nothosaurus, a sauropterygian genus found in Europe, Middle East, North of Africa and China. This genus is poorly-known in the Iberian record. The new remains constitute the first evidence of the species Nothosaurus giganteus, or a related taxon, in the Iberian Peninsula. This study reveals the occurrence of at least two species of the sauropterygian Nothosaurus in the Spanish record.

Toledo, locus terribilis. Iglesia y milagro en el De viris illustribus de Ildefonso de Toledo

A mediados del siglo VII, el obispo Ildefonso de Toledo (657-667) elaboró su propio catálogo de hombres ilustres, continuando una tradición cuyos orígenes cristianos se remontaban a Jerónimo en el siglo IV. Sin embargo, en lugar de reproducir los modelos de sus antecesores cristianos, entre los que se incluyen además a Genadio de Marsella e Isidoro de Sevilla, el De viris illustribus de Ildefonso incorporaba cambios significativos en el género. Este artículo estudia el tópico del milagro en el opúsculo toledano con el objetivo de indagar qué tipo de relación estableció la Iglesia visigoda de la segunda mitad del siglo VII con este tipo de fenómenos y qué estrategias elaboró en función de él.