Young women in conflict: Filipinas growing up in Australia

This paper discusses the tensions of adaptation as experienced by 72 young women, born in the Philippines or to immigrant mothers and resident in southeast, far west and far north Queensland, Australia. As illustrated, these women, aged 14-25 years, often have difficulty balancing their expectations with those of their families and of the society in which they live. Like most young Australians they experience some conflicts with parents, but the intersections of race, gender and culture may make it particularly difficult for young Filipinas to develop a sense of their own identity and place in society. The retention of Filipino values often isolates young women from their peers and excludes them from participating in activities considered an important part of growing up Australian, but the adoption of 'Australian' behaviors such as drinking and smoking is not necessarily accompanied by an enhanced sense of belonging.

Revisiting the question of limited genetic variation within Schistosoma japonicum

Recent electrophoretic data have indicated that Schistosoma japonicum in mainland China may be a species complex, with the existence of a cryptic species being predicted from the analysis of schistosome populations from Sichuan province. To investigate the Sichuan form of S. japonicum, 4.9 kbp of mitochondrial DNA from each of three samples of the parasite from China (two from Sichuan and one from Hunan) and one from Sorsogon in the Philippines were amplified, sequenced and characterized. The sequence data were compared with those from the related South-east Asian species of S. mekongi (Khong Island, Laos) and S. malayensis (Baling, Malaysia) and that from S. japonicum from Anhui (China). At both the nucleotide and amino-acid levels, the variation among the five S. japonicum samples was limited ( < 1%). This was consistent with the conclusions drawn from previous molecular studies, in which minimal variation among S. japonicum populations was also detected. In contrast, S. mekongi and S. malayensis, species recognized as separate but closely related, differ from each other by about 10%, and each differs by 25%-26% from S. japonicum. Phylogenetic trees provided a graphic representation of these differences, showing all S. japonicum sequences to be very tightly clustered and distant from S. mekongi and S. malayensis, the last two being clearly distinct from each other. The results thus indicate no significant intraspecific genetic variation among S. japonicum samples collected from different geographical areas and do not support the idea of a distinct form in Sichuan.

Growth of papaya nodal and rooted shoot cultures as affected by ACC, STS, culture vessel size and incubation conditions

Nodal shoot cultures of 'Clone 003', a selected Australian papaya cultivar, were cultured on modified De Fossard medium supplemented with chemicals that either promote ethylene evolution or inhibit action while in culture. Nodal shoot cultures grown in the presence of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC, 1.0 mM) resulted in a significant reduction in percent fresh and dry weights, shoot length, leaf area, petiole length and chlorophyll content, but leaf development was significantly increased. In contrast, nodal cultures grown in the presence of silver thiosulphate (STS, 0.5 mM) significantly produced the highest percentage of fresh and dry weights, shoot length, leaf production, leaf area expansion, petiole length and leaf chlorophyll content. Nodal cultures and rooted whole plantlets placed in medium-sized (125 mL) culture vessels had significantly better growth than those cultures placed in small (70 mL) or in large (250 mL) vessels. Cultures grown in medium-sized vessels had higher fresh and dry weights, longer shoots, more leaves and larger leaf area than those cultures placed in smaller or larger vessels. Similarly, values for said growth parameters and for chlorophyll content of the nodal and rooted whole plantlets were higher when they were incubated under high light intensity of 120 mumol m(-2)s(-1) at a prevailing temperature of either 20+/-1 C or 25+/-1 C.

Rediscovery of Melanepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) : a new synonym of Epyris

Melanepyris Kieffer, 1913 was proposed to accommodate a single species of Epyris Westwood, 1832, E. imicola Kieffer, 1913, mainly based on the absence of the posterior propodeal carina. Today, Melanepyris includes only two nominal species. The type-material of these species has been considered lost since their original description. In this study, the single known adult male (holotype) of Melanepyris asiaticus Kieffer, 1922 from the Philippines has been rediscovered, redescribed and illustrated. Melanepyris asiaticus is transferred to Epyris Westwood due to the following features: scutellar groove absent, well separated scutellar pits and lower mesopleural fovea large and with undefined upper margin. We checked the original description of M. imicola and concluded that it also fits the definition of Epyris perfectly, except for the (described) absence of a posterior carina. However, the thickness of the posterior carina of the propodeal disc varies within species of different Epyrinae genera. The diagnostic characters used by Kieffer to create Melanepyris and other genera from Epyris are briefly discussed. Melanepyris is proposed as a new junior synonym of Epyris, with the transfer of M. imicola to Epyris.

The Philippine journal of science.

v.4 (1909)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.1 pt.1 (1906)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.1 pt.2 (1906)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.1 Suppl. (1906)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.2 (1907)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.3 (1908)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.5 (1910)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.6 (1911)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.7 (1912)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.8 (1913)

The Philippine journal of science.

v.9 (1914)